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初中英语常用短语、词(用法和辨析)、一、常用短语(包括学过的所有短语)a bit 有点Its a bit hot today. 今天有点热。a bit of 一点 (修饰不可数名词,相当于 a little. )There is a bit of / a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 【advise 是动词,名词形式: advice】 The doctor advised me to exercise more. 医生建议我多锻炼。 after all 毕竟;终究;到底 I do like her after all, she is my sister. 我确实喜欢她毕竟,她是我妹妹。all the time 一直;始终I looked for that letter everywhere, but it was in my pocket all the time.我到处找那封信,但它却一直在我的口袋里。 and so on 等等Asas soon as 一 就 【由该短语引导的时间状语从句,需用一般现在时态表示将来时】 Ill call you as soon as I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话。as well (在口语中用得很多,用法和 too 一样,两者可以互换,通常位于句末)I can do it as well. 我也能做这件事。as well as 除之外;并;和;也He gave me money as well as advice. 他除了给我中告外,还给了我钱。ask for 请求;要 ask for +某人 意思是:找某人,要求见某人 Someone is asking for you at the door. 门口有人找你。 ask for +某物 意思是:要某物 He wants to ask for some water. 他想要些水。ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物,请求某人给予某物 She asks him for his address. 她向他要他的地址。At at last 最后;终于【指经过一番拖延或曲折后终于达到某一目的,强调所做的努力,也可指期待已久的事情终于实现,带有一定的感情色彩。它只用在过去时的句中,不能用于否定句】 In spite of the heavy rain,we arrived at last. 尽管雨很大,我们最终还是到达了。at least 至少It will cost at least 100 yuan. 它至少要花费100元钱。 at that moment 那时 He was looking for his bike at that moment. 那时他正在找自己丢失的自行车。 at this moment 这时;此刻 What are you doing at this moment. 你此时正在干什么? at the age of 在岁时 He could speak French well at the age of 10. 他10岁时法语就讲得很好。at the end of 在的末端(它既可指时间,也可指位置)Our school is at the end of the street.我们的学校在这条街的尽头。(位置)They often have no money at the end of a month.他们的钱经常花不到月底。(时间) at the latest 最晚;最迟 Please be here by ten at the latest. 请最迟10点钟到这儿。at the same time 同时;一齐,还可意为“然而”【表示前后两个分句在意义上的转折】The little girl is laughing and crying at the same time.那个小女孩又哭又笑。He works hard,but at the same time he doesnt do well in his lessons.他学习很努力,但是他的功课却不好。【at the same time 表示转折】Bebe able to 能够 【后跟动词原形】 He was a clear student, so he was able to work out the problem at last. 他是一个聪明的学生,所以最后他能解出这道难题。be angry about 因某事而生气be angry at 因某人的言行而生气 He was angry at being kept waiting. 他因久候而生气。be angry with sb. 生某人的气 He was angry with himself. 他在生自己的气。be famous as 作为而出名 Einstein is famous as a great scientist. 爱因斯坦以一位伟大的科学家著称。be famous for 以而闻名China is famous for the Great Wall. 中国以长城而闻名。 be filled with (同义:be full of ) 充满; 装满 The bag is filled with books.=The bag is full of books. 这个书包装满了书。 because of 因为 由于【后接名词、代词及名词性短语,在句子中一般用作状语】 Because of illness,the boy did not go to school. 因为生病,这个男孩没有去上学。 begin with 以开始 Well begin our class with some questions. 我们的课将以几个问题开始。be good at(同义:do well in 在擅长;精通(可接表示人或事物的名词、代词、动名词) He is good at swimming.(= He does well in swimming.) 他擅长游泳。be good for 对有好处(反义be bad for 对有害处)(可接表示人或事物的名词、动名词、代词)Doing morning exercises is good for my health. 做早操对我的健康有好处。Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 电视看得太多对你的眼睛不好。 be good to 对好 (反义:be bad to 意为:对不好)【to之后一般接表示人的名词或代词】 She is very good to us. 她对我们很好。 The boss is bad to the workers. 老板对工人们很不好。 be made by 由制造 【介词by后跟动作的执行者】 The model ship is made by Uncle Wang. 这个轮船模型是由王叔叔制作的。 be made from 由(材料)制成 【表示物品制成后,已看不出原材料是什么,原材料在制作过程中Nylon is made from air,coal and water.尼龙是用空气、煤和水加工制成的。 已起了化学变化】 be made of 由(原料)制成【表示某物制成后,仍可看得出原材料,原材料在制成过程中仅起了物理The shoes are made of cloth. 这些鞋是用布做的。 变化】 be mdae in 在(地点)制造【介词in后接产地】 The kind of computer is made in the USA. 这种电脑是在美国制造的。 be on 上映;上演 【on 在此处是副词】 Whats on at the cinema this week? 这个星期电影院上映什么影片? be proud of (同义:take pride in) 为感到骄傲 【proud 是形容词;名词为: pride】 We are all proud of Yang Liwei.=We all take pride in Yang Liwei.我们都为杨利伟感到骄傲。 be worried about (同义:worry about) 担心 Dont be worried about me.= Dont worry about me. 不要为我担心。 bit him on the hand 咬他的手 bit her in the leg 咬她的腿 borrow sth. from sb./somewhere 向某人或某处借某物 Do you often borrow books from the library? 你经常从图书馆借书吗? both and 既又 ;和都 【连接两个并列的概念。连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词 Both my father and my mother are workers. 我的爸爸和妈妈都是工人。 要用复数形式】 bring into action 使起作用 bring two persons face to face 使两人面对面 by chance (= by accident ) 恰巧;碰巧;偶然;意外 I met Jim by chance yesterday. 我昨天偶然遇到了吉姆。 by the way 顺便问一下;顺便说一下 By the way,do you like collecting anything? 顺便问一下,你喜欢收藏东西吗? close down 停止播放(指“广播电台结束一次的广播节目”) Its midnight and were now closing down. 时间已是午夜,今天的节目到此结束。Comecome face to face with sb. 与某人碰面 Jim came face with his old friend on the street. 吉姆在街上碰到了他的老朋友。come on 开始,来到 跟随,来 Night came on. 夜色降临了。 You go first. Ill come on later. 你先走,我随后就到。come out (有很多意思) 表示“出来”。 He has got a three-years sentence, but he may come out early. 他已被判处了三年徒刑,但 表示“(日、月、星等)出现” 也可能提前释放。 The rain stopped and the sun came out. 雨停了,太阳出来了。 表示“(花)开放” The flowers/buds are coming out. 花开了/发芽了。 表示“(消息、真相、秘密等)被透露;被披露” The affair will come out in the newspapers. 这件事将在报纸上登出来。 表示“(书籍、杂志、文章等的)出版;发表” The magazine comes out once a month. 这份杂志一月出一期。 表示“(照片等)被冲洗出” All the pitures have come out very well. 所有的照片全都冲洗得很好。come up 被提出、被讨论;(指种子、草本植物等)长出地面;发生、出现; The question hasnt come up yet. 问题尚未被提出。 The seeds havent come up yet. 种子还没有发芽。 Ill let you know if anything comes up. 如果有什么事发生,我会告诉你的。come up with 提出、提供;追上、赶上、跟上 【注意:分号前后是不同的解释】 He usually comes up with some ideas. 他通常能提出一些好主意。 We came up with the climbers at the top of the hill. 我们在山顶上赶上了那些爬山者。 count down 倒计时 On New Years Eve, people often count down before 12 oclock. 在新年除夕,人们在12点之前经常倒计时。 Decide v. 决定 decide to do sth.(同义:make ones mind to do sth.) 决定做某事 (否定式在 to do 前加 I decide to help you. 我决定帮助你。 not ) depend on 取决于,依赖于,依靠 Health depends on good food and enough sleep. 健康在于合理的饮食和充足的睡眠。different from 与不同 My idea is different from yours. 我的想法与你的不同。do with (sb./sth.) 处理;处置;对待 What did you do with the eggs? 你是怎么处理那些鸡蛋的? dress up 打扮;化妆 【常用作不及物动词,其后一般不接表示衣服的名词】 Mr Green something dressed up in a blue coat. 格林先生有时打扮一番,穿上蓝色大衣。 Enjoy v. 喜欢 enjoy sth. 喜欢某物 I enjoy that storybook. 我喜欢那本故事书。 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 They enjoy playing football. 他们喜欢踢足球。 enjoy oneself (相当于 have fun, have a good time ) 玩得高兴;过得愉快 My students enjoy themselves every day. 我的学生每天都过得很愉快。except for 除去 ;除以为 Except for this, he is a good student. 除去这一点,他是个好学生。explain sth.(to sb.) (给某人)解释某事 Please explain this problem to me.请将这个问题解释给我听。 far away 远离 How far away is it from your hometown to the city? 从你家乡到这座城市有多远?fight with sb. 与某人打架 【fight 的过去式和过去分词都是 fought】 He fought with his friend yesterday. 昨天他与朋友打架了。fill with 用装满 【fill 是动词,意为:装满、填满】 He filled the basket with eggs. 他用鸡蛋把篮子装满。find out 查明;弄清楚 【改短语为副词型短语,表示经过观察、调查把某事查出;搞明白,多用于复杂而不易直接查出的情况】 Ill try to find out who broke the window. 我要设法弄清楚是谁打坏了窗户。 first answer to it 它的第一个答案 【在英语中,如果表示“问题的答案、门上的钥匙”等说法时,必Pass me the key to the car. 递给我汽车钥匙。 须用介词to,而不用of】Do you know the answers to the question? 你知道这些问题的答案吗?forget doing sth. 忘记做了某事 I forget posting the letter. 我忘了已寄了这封信。forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 【表示事情还没做】 I forget to post the letter. 我忘记寄这封信了。get a chance (= have a chance ) 有机会 If you get a chance to go, take it. 如果你有机会去,(那么)抓住机会。get back 回来 回来,相当于come back, return.若跟宾语,后需跟介词to,意为“返回某地”。 I wont get back to the city. 我再也不会回到那座城市了。 取回;送回。当其宾语为名词时,可为于get back之间或back之后;若宾语为代词,只可位于get The book is mine. I will get it back soon.那本书是我的,我尽快取回它。 back之间。 get cooler 变得凉爽get dressed 穿好衣服 get together 相聚,聚会 【这是个动词短语;而get-together是一个名词,意为“相聚,聚会】 Families get together on Mid-Autumn Day. 在中秋节家人相聚。 There is a big get-together in my family every year. 每年我家都有一个大聚会。go back 回去 【该短语是不及物动词短语,其中的 back 是副词】 Youd better go back for it. 你最好回去取它。go coming 去野营 【go +v.ing形式,常用来表示运动或娱乐消遣】 go on doing sth. 继续做某事 【这个短语表示同一个动作继续进行下去】 I asked him to have a rest,but he just went on working.我让他休息一下,但他只是继续工作。go on to do sth. 又接着做某事 【表示结束了一个动作再接着开始另一个动作】 I finished my homework and went on to watch TV. 我完成了我的家庭作业后又接着看电视。go to bed 就寝 【表示“上床睡觉”这个动作,与 get up 意思相反】 We usually get up at six in the morning and go to bed at ten in the evening. 我们通常早晨6点起床,晚上10点睡觉。 great success 非常大的成功 Last months flower show was a great success. 上月的花展是非常成功的。Have v.have got(是由助动词have加动词get的过去分词构成的现在完成时态的谓语形式,在口语中, 相当于 have ,意为“有”)I have got a new dictionary. 我有一本新词典。 have to 必须,不得不 【强调因客观情况使得主语“不得不做”,否定式dont have to.】 You dont have to go with me. 你不必跟我一起去。 hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事 I heard him singing in the next room. 我听到他正在隔壁房间唱歌。 hear sb.to do sth. 听到某人做了某事 (在主动语态中省略动词不定式符号 to,故用原型) We heard mother come back. 我们听到妈妈回来了。 Help v. 帮助 (即可用于名词有可用于动词) help sb. 帮助某人 Li Ping often helps his sister. 李平常常帮助他妹 help sb.(to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事(在句中可省略不定式符号 to ) He often helps the old man (to) do housework. 他常常帮助这个老人做家务。 help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人 He always helps her with her work. 他总是在工作上帮助她。 help oneself(help oneself to sth.) 自用或自取某物 Children,please help yourself to some apples. 孩子们,请随便吃些苹果吧。 cant help doing sth. 忍不住/情不自禁做某事 When you see the Great Wall, you always cant help asking the question;How did the people build that? 当你看到长城时,你总会情不自禁问这个问题:人们是怎样建造长城的呢? hit him on the head 打它的头 hit me in the face 打我的脸 in front of 在的前面 (强调在某物的范围之外,相当于 before ) There is a tree and some flowers in front of the house. 房前有一棵树和一些花。 in my opinion (同义:I think ; It seems likely to me that )依我看;我觉得;我认为 In my opinion, we should stop at once. 我认为,我们应该立刻停下来。 in spite of 虽然,尽管仍,不顾。【该短语是介词词组】 They went out in spite of the rain. 虽然下着雨,他们还是出去了。 in the end 最后 【指经过许多困难和捉摸不定的情况之后有了某种结果,强调最终的结果。常可与atlast换用。不同的是in the end可指未来,用在将来时的句子中,而at last则不可以】 I hope that everything will turn out to be all right in the end.我希望一切最终都会顺利。 in (the) face of 在面前 in the front of 在(里面)的前面 (表示在某物的范围之内) Hes sitting in the front of the car. 他坐在小汽车的前面。“in + 一段时间”构成的时间状语常用在一般将来时态的句子中,意为“之后” Were going to visit your school in a few days. 几天后我们将参观你们的学校。 in time 及时 【指句中动作发生在所提到或规定的时间之前】 But you must come and renew it if you cant finish it in time. 但是,如果你没能及时看完的话,你一定要续借。 Keep v. keep sb. doing sth. 使某人一直做某事 Why did you keep your mother waiting for a long time? 为什么让你的母亲等这么长的时间? later on 后来;以后 lend something to somebody 把某物借给某人 You mustnt lend it to others. 你一定不要把它借给别人。 like better than (同义:prefer to ) 与相比更喜欢 I like pears better than apples.= I prefer pears to apples.与苹果相比,我更喜欢梨。 like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 【注意:like 后接 v.+ing形式,表示经常性的爱好;后接to do形式表示偶然一次性的动作】 Mary likes swimming very much,but she doesnt like to swim this afternoon. 玛丽非常喜欢游泳,但她今天下午不想去游泳。 Look v. look after (同义:take care of) 照顾;照看 My friend looked after my cat while I was on my holiday. 我去度假时,我的朋友照看我的猫 。 look at 看 Look at the two picture and try to find out the differences. 看看这两幅图,努力找出不同 look for 寻找 之处。 The children are looking for a ball. 孩子们正在找一个球。 look forward to 期待,期望;另外该短语还有“预期、预料”的意思。 Theyre looking forward to visiting Radio Beijing. 他们期望着参观北京电台。 look like 看起来像 The twins look like their mother. 这对双胞胎看起来像他们的母亲。 look out 当心,注意; 向外看 Remember to look out for the traffic lights when youre driving. 开车时记着注意交通信号灯。 (look out 当心,注意) She stopped writing and looked out of the window. 她停止写作,向窗外看了看。(look out 向 look sb. in the face 直视 外看) look up 查找 ;查阅(查字典) When you dont understand a word, you can look it up in the dictionary. 当你有不懂得单词时,可以在这本字典中查到。 lots of 许多;打量(既可修饰可数名词复数,也可修饰不可数名词,常用于肯定句中) We had lots of fun. 我们玩得很开心。(修饰不可数名词) He had lots of friends here. 他在这儿有许多朋友。(修饰可数名词)Make v. make a face/faces 做鬼脸The boy made a face at me. 这个男孩向我做鬼脸。 make friends with 与交朋友 He makes friends with the local people. 他同当地人交朋友。 makefrom 用制成 (常用被动语态) Steel is made from iron. 钢是由铁炼成的。 make fun of 取笑,与开玩笑 You shouldnt make fun of others difficulties. 你不应该对别人的困难幸灾乐祸。 make me think about 使我想到 make mistakes 犯错误;做错事 He makes many mistakes in his spelling. 他在拼写中犯了很多错误。 make of 用制成 (常用于被动语态) The bridge is made of steel. 这座桥是用钢材建的。 make oneself at home 随便,无拘束 Please make yourself at home. 请不要客气。 make room (for) (为) 让地方 Would you kindly make room for my friend here? 能给我朋友在这儿让各地方吗? make + 宾语 + 宾语补足语【该短语中make做使役动词表示“使,使成为”,当宾语是不定式短语或句子 时,多用it作形式宾语。补足语可以是不带to的不定式、形容词或名词等。其常见结构有:】 make + 宾语 + n. 使、让某人/某物(成为) We made him captain of our football team. 我们推选他做我们的足球队队长。 make + 宾语 + adj. 使某人/某物(变得) The news that our team had won made us very happy.我们队赢了的消息使我们大家非常高兴。 make sb.do sth. 使某人做某事 (注意:do 前面省略了 to ) What made you change your idea? 什么使你改变了主意?【宾语是句子】I made it a condition that everybody must be on time.我提出一个条件,人人都要准时。【宾语是不定式短语】The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.大雨使得我们无法外出。 make up 编造 She made up a story about how she got the money by honest work. 她编造了一个小故事,说她的钱是靠老实工作正来的。 make up ones mind 决心,拿定主意 He made up his mind at last. 他终于拿定了主意。not only but (also) 不但而且 (连接并列的句子或句子成分。【注意】当连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。由 not only but(also) 引导的句子可用 as well as 来转换。但两个句子的语意重心不同:not only but(also)侧重后者,aswell as 侧重前者。She is not only beautiful but also kind. 她不但漂亮,而且为人很好。= She is kind as well as beautiful. 她不但漂亮,而且为人很好。 not until/till 直到才 【表示主句谓语所表示的动作直到until/till状语所表示的时间才发生。until/till只能表示时间,不能表示地点】 I didnt know it until/till yesterday. 我直到昨天才知道那件事。 “我们一直走到那条河为止。”可译为: We walked until/till we got to the river.或 We walked as far as the river. 不能译为:We walked until/till the river. one of + 名词复数,“之一,中的一个”【one of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式】 One of the girls has a camera. 其中的一个女孩有一部相机。ones own 某人自己的 That is his own computer. 那是他的自己的电脑。on ones advice 按照某人的建议;听从某人的建议 【advice是不可数名词,可用some,much,a piece of,pieces of等修饰。】 Can you give me a piece of advice? 你能给我出个主意吗? on time 准时;按时 【指句中动作发生在所提到或规定的时间之中,有时可以和in time换用】 Dont I tell you to be here on time? 难道我没有告诉你要按时到这里吗? pay for 付的钱;为付钱 I paid three yuan for the books. 我花了3元钱买了这本书。pick up 拾起;捡起 【注意:pick up 中,up为副词,当宾语是名词时,放在 up 前或后都行。当宾语 代词时,则必须放在 up 之前】 Can you pick up my glasses for me? 你能给我把眼镜捡起来吗? Theres a hat on the ground. Lets pick it up. 地上有顶帽子,把它捡起来。play back 放音,回放(录下的音乐、演讲)【注意:playback n.是指录音机上的回放装置】 Please show me how to play the recording back. 请给我演示一下如何回放这段录音。plent of 许多,大量,充足 【 后面可接可数名词或不可数名词。There be 结构,主语为不可数用there is(was),主语为可数名词的复数形式用there are(were) 。 只用在肯定句中,否定句用many(much),疑问句多用 enough.】 There is plent of water. 有很多水。There are plent of eggs in the basket.篮子里有许多 We have not much water now.现在我们的水不多了。 鸡蛋。 Have you got enough money for a car? 你们有足够的钱买辆小汽车吗?Protect v. 保护 【名词为: protection】protect sb. from danger 保护某人免遭危险 under the protection of 在的保护下 Under the protection of the young man, the girl got home safely. 在那个年轻人的保护下,女孩安全地到达了家里。 put on 穿上 Put on your coat,please. 请穿上你的外套。put out of action 使停止活动 put up 张贴,公布,举起,建立,搭起 They are putting up the new pictures on the wall. 他们正在把这些新图画张贴在墙上。 radio station 电台 BBC is one of the most famous radio station. 英国广播公司是最有名的电台之一。rather adv. 宁愿 【常用于“would you ratherthan ”宁愿而不 】 I would rather you came tomorrow than today. 我

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