计算机英语教程课后答案.doc

AnswersUnit 1Part1 Reading and TranslatingSection A.1. T2. F3. T4. T5. T.1. C2. C3. BIII. (1) 这一开始带来了计算历史中可谓第一个真正的竞争标志，有助于刺激计算机更快更好的发展。(2) 虽然昂贵，但是这些机器为计算机在普通家庭中使用开启了趋势。Section B.1. T2. F3. F4. F5. T.1. B2. D3. CIII. (1) 一级存储，或称内存，是临时保存等待被处理数据的计算机内部电路。而二级存储，简称存储，是指那些永久性存储数据或信息的设备和介质。(2) 将由DNA制成并能放置在一个单独的人体细胞中的一台生物学纳米计算机，将利用DNA作为它的软件，酶作为它的硬件，其具有分子大小尺寸的电路将只有通过显微镜才能构够看见。Section C.1. T2. F3. F4. T5. F.1. C2. B3. DIII. (1) 一个目前最先进的成本低于1000美元的处理器能够提供与20世纪80年代耗资超过1百万美元的巨型计算机相同的处理能力。(2) 由于制造处理器所使用的小型化和新材料，计算机制造商可以将更多的硬件组件塞进机器，提供更快的处理速度和更大的数据存储容量。Part3 Listening and SpeakingListening Comprehension1. B2. A3. DOriginalRoadrunnerOn the current TOP 500 list of worldwide supercomputers released in June 2008, Roadrunner, IBMs new super computer, is rated No.1, exceeding IBM Blue Gene, the former No.1 on the list.IBM calls Roadrunner the worlds first “hybrid” supercomputer. It combines 12,960 IBM Cell chips, which power Sonys PlayStation 3 video game machine, with 6,948 dual-core AMD Opteron chips and 80 terabytes of memory. It runs Red Hat Linux.Roadrunner is billed at the fastest in the world, operating at one petaflop or one thousand trillion calculations per second. So, exactly how fast is the supercomputer? IBM said the speed is roughly equivalent to the combined computing power of 100,000 of todays fastest laptop computers - users would need a stack of laptops 1.5 miles high to match Roadrunners performance. It would also take the entire population of the earth - about 6 billion people - each working a handheld calculator at the rate of 1 second per calculation more than 46 years to do what Roadrunner can do in one day. IBM said that in the past 10 years, supercomputer power has increased about 1,000 times. Today, just three of Roadrunners 3,456 tri-blade units have the same power as the 1998 fastest computer. Now, a complex physics calculation that will take Roadrunner one week to complete would have taken the 1998 machine 20 years to finish.Dictation1. twentieth century2. citizen3. mathematical4. early development5. career6. stored7. memory8. operate9. electronic10. calculation11. memories12. manner13. control unit14. calculating unit15. control unit16. a piece of data17. accordingly18. advancement19. architecture20. majorityUnit 2Part1 Reading and TranslatingSection A.1. F2. T3. T4. T5. F.1. C2. B3. DIII. (1) 对于个人电脑，许多现代计算机中的主板是中央印制电路板（PCB），并拥有计算机系统的许多重要组成部分，为其他外围设备提供连接器。(2) CPU插座提供了许多功能，包括支持CPU的物理结构、对散热片的支持、便于更换（以及降低成本），最重要的是形成了一个CPU和PCB的带电接口。Section B.1. T2. T3. F4. T5. T.1. B2. D3. CIII. (1) 多核处理器是一个具有两个或更多独立实际处理器（所谓的“核”）的单个计算组件，是读取和执行程序指令的单元。(2) 如果CPU之间的通信是限制因素，那么对于一个使用两个CPU的应用程序来说，在一个双核上可能会运行得更快，可被认为是大于100%的改进。Section C.1. T2. F3. T4. F5. T.1. D2. B3. AIII. (1) 摩尔定律英特尔创始人之一戈登摩尔在1965年的预言在硅芯片上的电路数目将保持每18个月翻一番。(2) 一台普通的计算机用象征非高即低的电流或电压的0和1来存储信息，而量子计算机通过使用基本粒子的状态来存储信息。Part3 Listening and SpeakingListening Comprehension1. C2. C3. DOriginalIntelThe Intel Corporation is the leading maker of semiconductor chips, and its products are found in a vast majority of personal computers. Headquartered in Santa Clara, Calif., Intel was founded in 1968 as Integrated Electronics Corporation by two giants of the early semiconductor industry, Gordon E. Moore and Robert N. Noyce. Mr. Moore is widely known for the principle called Moores Law, which asserts that the number of transistors on a chip, and therefore the chips performance, doubles roughly every two years. Mr. Noyce is a co-inventor of the integrated circuit. Intels third employee was Andrew S. Grove, who led Intel through its transformation into the premier manufacturer of microprocessors and is now remembered as the companys key business and strategic leader.While Intel created the first commercial microprocessor chip in 1971, it was not until the success of the personal computer that this became their primary business. Originally known primarily to engineers and technologists, Intels successful “Intel Inside” advertising campaign of the 1990s made it and its Pentium processor household names. During this period Intel embarked on an unprecedented growth and became the dominant supplier of microprocessors for PCs.But in the early 2000s Intel stumbled badly, having hit a developmental wall, and its main rival, A.M.D. was able to engage Intel in a bruising price war. To maintain its leadership position, Intel has been refocusing on its multi-core processing strategy. The process, which is the addition of multiple computing cores onto a single piece of silicon, speeds the chips processing ability while limiting its heat generation.Dictation1. mistakenly2. stole3. in truth4. interaction5. tool6. contributed7. teleconferencing8. shell9. wheels10. application11. nicknamed12. tail13. ahead14. commercially15. proves16. concept17. human intellect18. dealing with19. acknowledgement20. collaborationUnit 3Part1 Reading and TranslatingSection A.1. T2. T3. T4. F5. F.1. C2. C3. DIII. (1) Corel Painter的是一种基于栅格的数字艺术应用程序，用来尽可能精确地模拟与素描、油画和版画有关的传统媒体的外观和行为。(2) Corel Painter Essentials是一个普通用户设计的Painterd的较低版本，包括例如多媒体教程、更直观的工作区、新增的自动化任务以及对照片修版的重视等吸引初学者的特性。Section B.1. F2. F3. T4. F5. T.1. D2. B3. AIII. (1) Adobe Flash（原名SmartSketch FutureSplash、FutureSplash Animator和Macromedia Flash）是一个用于在网页上添加动画、视频和交互性的多媒体平台。(2) 有些用户认为Flash丰富了他们的Web体验，而另一些人则感觉Flash动画的大量使用，尤其是在广告宣传中，是很侵扰和令人厌烦的，而这也促进了一种专门从事Flash内容屏蔽的家庭手工业的兴起。Section C.1. T2. T3. F4. T5. F.1. D2. C3. CIII. (1) Autodesk 3ds Max，原为3D Studio MAX，是一个由Autodesk Media and Entertainment开发的建模、动画和渲染包。(2) 系统利用角色装置或“两足动物”骨架来工作，角色装置或“两足动物”骨架为合适的角色网格和动画需求设定了可被修改和定制化的设置。Part3 Listening and SpeakingListening Comprehension1. D2. B3. DOriginalThe Software Giant MicrosoftMicrosoft, the software giant from Redmond, Wash., was born in 1975 as Micro-Soft, by Bill Gates and Paul Allen, a partnership between two high school friends. When that consumer market exploded with the introduction of the IBM personal computer in 1981, the main beneficiary turned out to be the now mighty Microsoft, which develops, manufactures, licenses and supports a range of software products for computing devices. One of Bill Gates key visions for the company are “to get a workstation running our software onto every desk and eventually in every home”.In 1983, the first Windows operating system was introduced, replacing the complexities of the MS-DOS operating system, with the kind of graphical interface pioneered by Macintoshs Apple computer. In the eyes of critics, Microsoft was a more effective technological follower than leader, but the rapid spread of ever-cheaper, ever-faster PCs loaded with Windows gave the company a position of market dominance.By 2001, however, new competitors were on the horizon, like Yahoo, Google and products of the open software movement, including the Linux operating system. While Windows retained well over 90 percent of the market and the companys hold on the business market remained solid, as the decade progressed the company struggled to move toward a future in which software provided over the Internet, often free, in what came to be called “cloud” computing, a part of an effort to connect Windows more seamlessly to a growing array of Internet services, became a bigger threat to software sold in a box.Dictation1. specialized2. part of3. hardware and software4. capability5. performed6. concept7. traditional8. recognizably9. embedded market10. storage11. single12. housed13. board14. written15. Virtually16. utilize17. engineers18. reducing19. performance20. scale Unit 4Part1 Reading and TranslatingSection A.1. F2. F3.F4. T5. F.1 C2.B3. CIII. (1) 2003年，在经历了短时间内利用Windows操作系统中缺陷的三个主要病毒之后，微软改变了它的发展重点，暂时搁置一些Longhorn的主要开发工作转而为Windows XP和Windows Server 2003开发新的服务包。(2) 公司正在使用各种新的追踪工具在一个持续发展的基础上来测量操作系统的许多方面的性能，以帮助找出低效的代码路径并有助于防止性能下降。Section B.1. T2. F3. T4. F5. F.1. B2. C3. AIII. (1) 但是，假定软件许可证可明确准许重新销售版本，这为大规模项目提供了基础，这些大规模项目可以收集由独立项目生产的软件，并使得其可以以Linux销售版本的形式一次全部获得。(2) Linux内核与基于其加上GNU系统的销售版本之间的区别是对许多新手来说混淆的一个来源，而且命名仍然有争议，同时，许多大型Linux销售版本（例如：Ubuntu和SuSE Linux）正在简单地使用Linux的名字，而不是GNU/Linux。Section C.1. F2. F3.F4. T5. F.1 C2.B3. AIII. (1) Android是一个用于移动设备的软件栈，包括操作系统、中间件和关键应用程序。(2) 2007年11月5日Android distribution的推出的同时，开放手机联盟宣布成立，这是一个由80个硬件、软件、电信公司组成的致力于推动移动设备的开放标准的联营企业。Part3 Listening and SpeakingListening Comprehension1. D2. B3. AOriginalOpen Source SoftwareOpen source software is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Software developers may want to publish their software with an open source license, so that anybody may also develop the same software or understand how it works. The aim of open source is to let the products be more understandable, modifiable, duplicable, reliable or simply accessible, while it is still marketable.Probably the four best known Open Source projects in the world today are the Apache Web server, the BSD operating system, the Linux kernel, and the Mozilla Web browser. The Apache Web server is currently the most popular Web server in the world. Nearly 70% of all Web sites are served by Apache. Shorted for Berkley Software Distribution, BSD is a family of three free Unixes, namely OpenBSD, FreeBSD and NetBSD. The Linux kernel is currently one of the most active, and most important, free and open source software development projects. It has been used in multiple Linux system distributions that are currently supported by organizations like IBM, Novell, HP, Bell Labs, and many universities. Mozilla and the more recent Firefox are open source derivatives of the Netscape Navigator Web browser. As a result of the release of Firefox 1.0 the Web saw the first major shift in Web browser usage in 5 years. Open-source is also about sharing ideas, and spreading the effort of creating software over a large number of interested developers. This sharing can lead to better software in shorter development times. It also allows for better feedback directly to the developers than is often present in traditional development models. Major companies like Apple and IBM have recognized that there can be a significant advantage to writing software in this way. Open source has already been regarded as the irreversible trend of software industry.Dictation1. existence2. appear3. challenging4. command line5. completely6. families7. motherboard8. purpose9. storage10. architecture11. interface12. startup13. communicated14. icons15. pointer16. core17. management18. implementation19. possibility20. currentlyUnit 5Part1 Reading and TranslatingSection A.1. T2. F3. T4. T5. F.1. A2. B3. DIII. (1) 面向对象程序设计的被使用，部分是作为一个尝试，通过强有力地加强程序设计逻辑的离散单元和软件中的可重用性处理这个问题。(2) 在过去十年中，Java已经被广泛使用，在某种程度上是因为其与C和C+的相似之处，然而或许更重要的是由于Java采用虚拟机实现，虚拟机是为在许多不同平台上运行无需修改的代码而设计的。Section B.1. F2. T3. F4. T5. T.1. C2. D3. AIII. (1) C#是一种一流的、类型安全的面向对象语言，它能使开发者构建很多在.NET Framework上运行的安全健壮的应用程序。(2) IL代码，与位图、串等资源一起，存储在磁盘上的一个被称为“装配”（工程的常规信息）的可执行文件中，通常具有.exe 或.dll的文件后缀。Section C.1. T2. F3. T4. F5. F.1. C2. B3. AIII. (1) App Store是由苹果公司开发和维护的针对iOS的数字化应用程序分销平台。该服务允许用户从使用iOS SDK或Mac SDK开发并通过苹果发布的iTunes Store上浏览和下载应用程序。(2) 更有趣的是，苹果将允许出版商不仅可以从二者共享收益的iTunes上销售（70由出版商获得，30由Apple获得），也允许出版商直接从自己的网站发布他们的订阅而无需与Apple共享收益。Part3 Listening and SpeakingListening Comprehension1. B2. B3. DOriginalIntegrated Development Environment (IDE)Abbreviated as IDE, integrated development environment is a programming environment integrated into a software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development. An IDE normally consists of a source code editor, a compiler and/or interpreter, build automation tools, and usually a debugger.The aim of IDE is to abstract the configuration necessary to piece together command line utilities in a cohesive unit, which theoretically reduces the time to learn a language, and increases developer productivity. For example, code can be compiled while being written, providing instant feedback on syntax errors.IDEs initially became necessary when doing development in front of a console or terminal. Early languages did not have one, since they were prepared using flowcharts, coding forms, and keypunches before being submitted to a compiler. Dartmouth BASIC was the first language to be created with an IDE. Its IDE was command-based, and therefore did not look much like the menu-driven, graphical IDEs of today. However it seamlessly integrated editing, file management, compilation, debugging and execution in the manner characteristic of a modern IDE.Microsoft Visual Studio, Delphi, JBuilder, Eclipse, and NetBeans are all well known examples of IDEs in the world today.Questions:1. What is the correct full name of the abbreviation “IDE” in this article?2. What is the greatest benefit brought by IDE for software developers according to this article?3. Which of the following items is NOT integrated in the IDE firstly used in Dartmouth BASIC?Dictation1. characters2. poet3. collaborated4. inventor5. heard6. ideas7. engine8. act9. touched10. Hardly11. translated12. add13. turned out14. length15. filled with16. published17. artificial intelligence18. cards19. programmer20. namedUnit 6Part1 Reading and TranslatingSection A.1.T2. F3. T4. T5. T.1. C2. C3. DIII. (1) 关系型数据库通过使用数据集内发现的共同特点来匹配数据。由此产生的数据组被组织起来并且更容易为很多人理解。(2) 应用程序通过指定查询来访问数据，这会用到各种操作，例如：使用select（选择）来确定元组，使用project（投影）来确定属性，使用join（组合）来组合关系。关系也可通过使用insert（插入）、 delete（删除）和update（更新）操作被修改。Section B.1. F2. T3. T4. T5.T.1. A2. D3.BIII. (1) 对象数据库（也称为面向对象数据库管理系统）是一种像面向对象编程中使用的以对象的形式来表示信息的数据库管理系统。(2) 基于持久性编程的对象数据库在工程和空间数据库、电信等应用领域以及高能物理和分子生物学等科学领域应用领域赢得了合适的位置。Section C.1. T2. F3. F4. T5.F.1. A2. B3.BIII. (1) 在计算中，联机分析处理，或OLAP，是一种快速响应多维分析查询的方法。(2) 多维结构被定义为“一种使用多维结构来组织数据和表达数据之间的关系到关系模型的变体”。Part3 Listening and SpeakingListening Comprehension1. B2. C3. AOriginalData MiningData mining, or knowledge discovery, is the computer-assisted process of analyzing enormous sets of data and then extracting it into useful information. Data mining tools predict behaviors and future trends, supporting to make proactive, knowledge-driven decisions.Data mining derives its name from the similarities between searching for valuable information in a large database and mining a mountain for a vein of valuable ore. Both processes require either sifting through an immense amount of material, or intelligently probing it to find where the value resides.Data mining is primarily used today by companies with a strong consumer focus. Data mining can help spot sales trends, develop smarter marketing campaigns, and accurately predict customer loyalty. For example, one grocery chain in US used the data mining capacity of Oracle software to analyze local buying patterns. They discovered that when men bought diapers on Thursdays and Saturdays, they also tended to buy beer. Further analysis showed that these shoppers typically did their weekly grocery shopping on Saturdays. On Thursdays, however, they only bought a few items. The retailer concluded that they purchased the beer for the upcoming weekend. Using this newly discovered information, the grocery chain could move the beer display closer to the diaper display and make sure beer and diapers were sold at full price on Thursdays to increase revenue.Although data mining is a relatively new term, the technology is not. For many years, businesses have used powerful computers to sift through volumes of data such as supermarket scanner data to produce market research reports. In recent years, data mining has also been widely used in a wide range of industries, such as genetics, medicine, education, and electrical power engineering. Dictation1. universally2. date back3. real-life4. collection5. central6. distributed7. access8. facilitate9. definition10. transform11. architectural12. operational13. decision support14. address15. high costs16. databases17. enterprise18. present19. trends20. accomplishUnit 7Part1 Reading and TranslatingSection A.1. F2. T3. T4. T5. F.1. C2. B3. CIII. (1) 通过在介质访问控制/数据链接层的网络访问方法和一种公共寻址格式，Ethernet为物理层定义了大量装设电线和发送信号的标准。(2) 适配器通常被设计为具有一个全球唯一地址，但这个地址是可以被重叠的，这是为了避免当一个适配器被替换掉时地址变化，或者为了使用本地被管理的地址。Section B.1. F2. TF3. FT4. F5. F.1. D2. C3.BIII. (1) Wi-Fi能够使得个人电脑、游戏机、智能手机或数字音频播放器等设备在一个连接到互联网的无线网络的范围内连接到互联网。(2) TCP是针对有线网络的，在有线网络中，由于噪音造成的丢包极少，丢包几乎完全是由于拥塞造成的。Section C.1. F2. TT3.F4. T5. T.1. C2. D3.BIII. (1) 基于位置服务（LBS）是一种信息或娱乐服务，通过移动网络接入到移动设备，并且利用这一特性来利用移动设备的地理位置。(2) 它的主要优点是，移动用户在使用LBS时当他们漫游到不同的位置不必手动指定邮政编码或其它位置标识符。Part3 Listening and SpeakingListening Comprehension1. B2. D3. BOriginalIPv6 - the Next Generation Internet ProtocolInternet Protocol Version 6 is a new version of Internet Layer protocol for packet-switched internetworks which is designed to be an evolutionary step from IPv4.IPv4 provides an addressing capability of about 4 billion addresses, which was deemed sufficient in the design stages of the early Internet when