英语定语从句要点面面观.docVIP

英语定语从句要点面面观定义：定语从句是又称形容词性从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可修饰一个句子。先行词：受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。位置：定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，关系词：who, which, that, whom, whose, when, where, why, as定语从句要点：一、关系词的替代作用。关联词代替先行词在定语从句中充当句子成分，所以定语从句中再不能用代词来指代先行词。定语从句中谓语应与先行词保持一致。1. The pen that/which I write with it is from one of my best friends.2. I, _ your close friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is3.She is the only one of the girls _ as leader.A. who has been chosen B. who have been chosenC. whom they have chosen her D . have been chosen4.Tom is one of the boys _ interested in doing chemical experiments.二、 关系词的选择。判断先行词是人或物；是时间或地点；是way或reason。解定语从句的核心是判断关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当的句子成分。This is the factory _ is not far from my house.This is the factory _ we visited last year.This is the factory _ he worked two years ago.This is the factory _ products sell well.This is the factory _ we are interested.三、that和which 指物是的区别。一般可以互换使用，但在下列情况下，只能用that.1.先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,anything, little,much等不定代词时。例句：I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.2.先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。例句：Ive read all the books that are not mine.3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。例句: This is the first book (that) he has read.4.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。例句：This is the very book that belongs to him.5.当先行词即有人又有物的时候。例句：The man and his little dog that we always see will not pass here today。6.当句中已有who, which时，为避免重复.例句：Who is the man that is talking to john?Which group is the one that won the gold medal? that 与which 的区别 当先行词指物时，一般情况下that , which 都可以用，但是二者并不是全部通用，这就要求我们同学们要明确在什么情况下只能用that ，在什么情况下只能用which。 1定语从句中的关系代词只能用that，不能用which，常见的有如下几种情况：. 被修饰的先行词为不定代词，如all, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等。如：Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?. 先行词被only, any, few, little, no, one of, just等词修饰时。如：Thats the very word that is wrongly used. 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。如：It was the largest map that I ever saw. 先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词应用that。如：The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well-known. 主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时。如：Who is the man that is speaking over there? 2定语从句中的关系代词只能用which，不能用that ，常见的有如下几种情况：介词关系代词结构中，例如：This is the house of which the window face south.先行词是that, those 时，引导词用which。例如： Whats that which was bright in the car? 一个句子有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个用which。例如： Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was nearly to open to us .Do you have anything to say for yourselves? Yes，theres one point_ we must insist on.(NMET2006江西卷) Awhy Bwhere Chow D/Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago? A. where B. when C. that D. what 解析：例1答案为D。有一点（point）我们必须要坚持的。先行词point 在定语从句中作宾语。关系代词that 省略，故答案为D。例2答案为C。在这个定语从句中，先行词是chicken farm ，that 作宾语。故答案为C。 定语从句中的关系代词只能whom，不能用who，常见的有一种情况：介词关系代词结构中，则只可以用whom ,不能用who，例如：He is the person to whom we can turn help.Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those dont. A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who C. who; who D. 不填; 不填解析：答案为C。第一空先行词women 在从句中作主语，要选用who；第二空先行词those也是在后面的定语从句中作主语，选用who，故答案为C。关系代词whose 的用法： 1whose 既可以指代“人的”，也可以指代“物的”，并且还要在定语从句中作定语，例如： His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor. 2whose 可与其表示所属关系的of whom/ of which 相互转换。例如： Our English teacher lives in the house the windows of which face to the north.Look out ! Don t get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. A. whose B. which C. of which D. that 解析：答案为A。小心！不要靠近那座房子，它的屋顶正在修理之中。关系代词whose 在定语从句中作roof的定语，先行词是house。关系代词as的用法： 1当the same 与名词连用时，通常用as 引导定语从句，例如： I had the same difficulty that you had last year.注意：区分the same.as和the same.that两个定语从句。前者表示与同样的,不是同一个;而后者表示同一个,就是那个。例如:This is the same pen as I lost last week.这同我上周丢失的那枝钢笔一样。(但不是同一支)This is the same pen that I lost last week.这就是我上周丢失的那枝钢笔。2用于固定搭配，当先行词与as, so, such, so 连用时，例如： You can wait for me at the same place as we did. As many people as were present stood for the plan.关系代词作主语单复数的问题当引导定语从句的关系代词作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词要注意数的形式应与先行词保持一致，这时要注意the (only ) one of + 复数名词+ 关系代词+ 单数动词，例如：Those who have finished may go home. I am the only one who has been accepted the invitation to the party.He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been解析：答案为D。the only one of the students 中的先行词是the only one，定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。关系代词的省略 当关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语时，通常关系代词可以省略，例如： Can you tell me the name of the factory you visited last week? Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?-Why he always ask you for help ?-There is no one else _ , is there ? (NMET2005北京卷) A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. from whom to turn D. for her to turn 解析：答案为B。 turn to sb. 意思为“求助于某人“。介词后要接关系代词whom做宾格而省略。故答案为B。 当关系代词指人时，关系代词既可用who，也可以用that。但在以下情况用who。 1.当先行词是persons, people, those时。例如： Those who are for my plan , please put up your hands.同意我的计划的人请举手。 Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.好争者被轻视。 2.当先行词是he, one, all, any, someone, they等时，例如： He who has not reached the Great Wall isnt a true man. 不到长城非好汉。 All who had seen this film were moved.看过这部电影的人都受感动。 3.在非限定性定语从句中用who。例如： I want him, who knows some English and French. 我要他，他懂得些英语和法语。 I will pardon you, who are honest. 我愿意宽恕你，你是诚实的。 4.在强调句型中多用who，在口语中who可以省略。例如： I think it is you who should come here tomorrow.我认为你明天应该来这儿。 It is he who can do this work. 只有他能够干此工作。 当关系代词指人时，关系代词既可用who，也可以用that。在以下情况多用that。例如： 1.当关系代词在从句中作表语时用that。例如： She is not the woman that she used to be.她已经不是过去的她了。 China is not the country that it used to be.中国已经不是过去的中国了。 2.避免重复。例如： Who was it the man that you danced with last night? 昨天晚上和你一起跳舞的那个人是谁？ Who is it the girl that often comes to school early? 常常早到校的那个女孩是谁？ 3.当先行词前面有指示代词same时，要用that。例如： That is the same woman that spoke at the meeting yesterday.这个与昨天在会议上讲话的是同一个人。 He is the same person that killed that woman.他就是杀害那位妇女的人。 4.当先行词既有人，又有物时。例如： He was watching the children and parcels that filled the car.他望着塞满车的孩子和包裹。 Lets talk about the persons and the things that we can remember.让我们谈论能够想起的人和事。 5.当先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词或only等词修饰时。例如： I knew her father for the simplest, hardest working man that ever drew the breath of life. 我早知她的父亲是一个世上最简朴最努力工作的人介词加关系代词的选择。根据定语从句中动词与介词的搭配关系。1 The invention _ she spent two years will do well to the world.A which B / C on which D it2 Do you know the student _?A whom i often talk B with who i often often talk C I often talk D with whom i often talk3 -Why does she always ask you for help?-There is no one else_, is there? (2005 北京卷)A. who to turn to B. she can turn toC. for whom to turn to D. for her to turn根据先行词与介词的搭配关系。1 The day _ she played with us was never to be forgetten.A / B on which C when D in which2 The pen _ he is writing is mine.A with which B in which C on which D by which3） that 和 what 当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如： I think（that）you will like the stamps. 我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。 What we need is more practice. 我们需要的是更多的实践。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句与其先行词关系紧密，如果去掉该从句，句子意思就不清楚，甚至失去意义。非限制性定语从句只是其先行词的不太紧密，如去掉从句，句子基本上没有受影响，句子依然完整。1. 非限制性定语从句通常都用逗号把它和句子的其他部分分开，译成汉语时常可以译成并列句。限制性定语从句通常紧跟在先行词后，不用逗号隔开，译成汉语时多译成一个定语。2. 限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单个的名词或代词；非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是单个的名词或代词，也可以是句子或其中一部分。The couple have a son who is a doctor.那夫妇有一个做医生的儿子。（那夫妇不止一个儿子）The couple have a son, who is a doctor.那夫妇有一个儿子，他做医生。（那夫妇只有一个儿子）注意：that不引导非限制性定语从句；that不能紧跟在介词后作宾语来连接定语从句。where引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别：where引导定语从句通常有地点先行词或case,situation,occasion,point,system等。where 无词义，在定语从句中作状语，相当于介词+先行词。1 .Is this the factory _ he worked ten years age?A that B wher