C实例代码附有解释.docVIP

第一题 #include class Stack /定义堆栈类 struct Node int content; Node *next; *top;public: Stack() top = NULL; / 构造函数的定义 bool push(int i); / 压栈成员函数的声明 bool pop(int& i); / 弹栈成员函数的声明;bool Stack:push(int i) / 压栈成员函数的定义 Node *p=new Node; if (p = NULL) cout content = i; p-next = top; top = p; return true;bool Stack:pop(int& i) / 弹栈成员函数的定义if (top = NULL) cout next; i = p-content; delete p; return true;void main()Stack st1,st2; / 定义对象st1和st2 int x;for(int i=1;i=5;i+)st1.push(i); / 压栈成员函数的调用st2.push(i); / 压栈成员函数的调用 coutstack1:endl;for(i=1;i=3;i+)st1.pop(x); / 弹栈成员函数的调用coutxendl;st1.push(20);for(i=1;i=4;i+)if(st1.pop(x)coutxendl;elsebreak;coutstack2:endl;while(st2.pop(x)coutxendl;第二题#include / 使用名空间std，则必须去掉.h扩展名using namespace std; void main() char name10; int age; coutname; coutage; coutname is nameendl; coutage is ageendl;第三题#includeusing namespace std;void main() struct studentint no;float math;int n;cinn;student wang; / C+中变量的定义语句可以出现在程序的任意位置；可以使用结构体名定义变量wang.no=n;cinwang.math;coutwang.no wang.mathendl;第四题#include using namespace std;void main()int *p;p=new int; / 分配内存空间*p=5;cout*p;delete p; / 释放内存空间第五题#include using namespace std;void main() int n; / 定义数组元素的个数 int *p; coutn; if(p=new intn)=0) cout cant allocate more memory,terminating. endl;exit(1); / 分配内存空间 for( int i=0;in;i+) pi= i *2; coutNow output the array : endl; for( i=0;in;i+) coutpi ; coutendl; delete p; / 释放内存空间第六题#include void main()int num=50；int &ref=num；ref+=10；coutnum=numendl；cout ref=refendl;num+=40；cout num=numendl；coutref=refendl;第七题#include void main()int num;int & ref=num;num=5; coutnum=numendl;coutref=refendl;cout&num=&numendl;cout &ref=&refendl;第八题#include using namespace std;void swap(int &x,int &y);void main() int x=5, y=6; cout before swap, x: x ,y: y endl; swap(x,y); coutafter swap,x:x ,y:y;void swap(int &rx,int &ry) / 引用作为形参 int temp=rx; rx=ry; ry=temp;第九题#include using namespace std;int array64=60,80,90,75, 75,85,65,77, 80,88,90,98, 89,100,78,81, 62,68,69,75, 85,85,77,91;int& level(int grade, int size, int& tA, int& tB);void main() int typeA=0,typeB=0; int student=6; int gradesize=4; for(int i=0; istudent; i+) / 对所有的学生数据进行处理 level(arrayi, gradesize, typeA, typeB)+; / 函数调用作为左值 cout number of type A is typeA endl; cout number of type B is typeB endl;int& level(int grade, int size,int& tA, int& tB) int sum=0; for(int i=0; i=80) return tA; / A类学生 else return tB; / B类学生第十题#include using namespace std;float& fn2(float r) float temp; temp=r*r*3.14; return temp; / 返回了局部变量void main() fn2(5.0)=12.4; / 返回的是局部作用域内的变量，函数调用作为左值使用。此种情况应尽量避免。第十题#include #include / 使用字符串string类型的程序应包含头文件using namespace std;void main()string s,t;cout请输入一个字符串:s; / 由键盘输入一行文本，并把它赋给sring类型的变量s，注意： / 使用此方式输入的字符串中不能包含空白字符，具体请参见7.1.2小节t=I like programming!;cout字符串的输出:endlsendltendl;couts.append( OK!)endl; / append为string类的成员函数第十一题#include using namespace std;inline double circumference(double radius);/ 内联函数的声明，如果此处省略inline关键字，即使在函数定义时加上inline关键字，/ 编译程序也不认为那是内联函数，对待该函数如普通函数那样，/ 产生该函数的调用代码并进行连接。void main()double r=3.0,s;s=circumference(r);coutthe circumference is sendl;inline double circumference(double radius) / 内联函数的定义，此处也可以省略inline关键字 return 2*3.1415926*radius;第十二题#include int add(int x,int y)int sum;sum=x+y;return sum;int add(int x,int y,int z)int sum;sum=x+y+z;return sum;void main( )int a,b;a=add(5,10);b=add(5,10,20);couta=aendl;coutb=bendl;第十三题#includetemplateT min(T a ,int n) int i; T minv=a0; for(i=1;iai) minv=ai; return minv;void main() int a =1,3,0,2,7,6,4,5,2; double b =1.2,-3.4,6.8,9,8; couta数组的最小值为：min(a,9)endl; coutb数组的最小值为：min(b,4)endl;第十四题#include#define PI 3.1415926535templatedouble Circle_Square(T x) return x*x*PI;double Circle_Square(long x) return x*x*PI;void main() int r1=1; double r2=2.0; long r3=3; coutThe first circle square is Circle_Square(r1)endl The second circle square is Circle_Square(r2)endl The third circle square is Circle_Square(r3)endl;第十五题/ tdate.h 这个头文件只存放有关Tdate类的定义说明#ifndef Tdate_H / 用来避免重复定义#define Tdate_H / 不是类的一部分class Tdatepublic:void set(int,int,int); / 成员函数原型int isLeapYear();void print();private:int month;int day;int year; / Tdate类定义的结束#endif / Tdate_H/ tdate.cpp 类Tdate的实现部分#include / 因为tdate.cpp文件要访问运算符 和stream类/ 对象cout，而这二者都是定义在iostream类中的，所以包含iostream.h头文件。#includetdate.h / 包含用户自定义的头文件，该文件中提供了Tdate类的定义void Tdate:set(int m,int d,int y)month = m; day = d; year = y;int Tdate: isLeapYear()return (year % 4 = 0 & year % 100 != 0)|(year%400=0);void Tdate:print()cout month / day / year endl;第十六题/ ch3_2.cpp#include#includetdate.hvoid someFunc(Tdate& refs)refs.print(); / 通过对象的引用调用成员函数if(refs.isLeapYear() / 通过对象的引用调用成员函数cout errorn;elsecout print(); / 通过指向对象的指针调用成员函数if(*pTdate).isLeapYear() / 通过指向对象的指针调用成员函数cout errorn;elsecout rightn;someFunc(s); / 对象的地址传给引用第十七题#includeconst int SIZE = 10; / 存储的最多字符数 class Cstackprivate: char stkSIZE; int position;public: void init() position = 0; char push (char ch); char pop();char Cstack:push(char ch) if(position = SIZE) coutn栈已满 n; return 0; stkposition+ = ch; return ch;char Cstack:pop() if (position = 0) coutn栈已空endl; return 0; return stk-position;void main() Cstack s; s.init(); char ch; cout 请输入字符：ch; while(ch != #& s.push(ch) cinch; cout n现在输出栈内数据n; while(ch = s.pop() cout ch;第十八题 #include class Tdatepublic: void set(int m=5,int d=16,int y=1991) / 置日期值 month=m; day=d; year=y; void print() / 输出日期值 coutmonth/day/yearendl; private: int month; int day; int year;void main()Tdate a,b,c;a.set(4,12,1996);b.set(3);c.set(8,10);a.print();b.print();c.print();第十九题#includeclass cubepublic:int volume(int ht,int wd)return ht*wd;int volume(int ht,int wd,int dp)height=ht;width=wd;depth=dp;return height*width*depth;private:int height,width,depth;void main()cube cube1;cout cube1.volume(10,20) endl; / 调用带2个参数的成员函数cout cube1.volume(10,20,30) endl; / 调用带3个参数的成员函数二十题#includeclass queue int q100; int sloc,rloc;public: queue( ); void qput(int i ); int qget( );queue:queue( ) sloc=rloc=0; cout queue initializedn;void queue:qput(int i) if(sloc = 100) cout queue is fulln; return; sloc+; qsloc=i ;int queue:qget( ) if(rloc=sloc) cout queue is emptyn; return 0; rloc+; return qrloc;void main( ) queue a,b; a.qput(10); b.qput(20); a.qput(20); b.qput(19); couta.qget( ) ; couta.qget( ) n ; coutb.qget( ) ; coutb.qget( ) n ;二十一题#include class test private: int num; float f1; public: test(); test(int n, float f); / 参数化的构造函数 int getint()return num; float getfloat()return f1;test:test() coutInitializing defaultendl; num = 0; f1 = 0.0;test:test(int n, float f) coutInitializing n, fendl; num = n; f1 = f;void main() test x; / 调用无参的构造函数 test y(10, 21.5); / 调用带两个参数的构造函数 test *px=new test; / 调用无参的构造函数 test *py=new test(10,21.5); / 调用带两个参数的构造函数二十二题#include class Tdatepublic: Tdate(int m=5,int d=16,int y=1990) month=m; day=d; year=y; cout month / day / year endl; private: int month; int day; int year;void main() Tdate aday; Tdate bday(2); Tdate cday(3,12); Tdate dday(1,2,1998);二十三题#include#include using namespace std;class Studentpublic: Student(char* pName) coutcall one parameter constructorendl;strncpy(name,pName,sizeof(name); namesizeof(name)-1= 0; coutthe name is nameendl; Student()coutcall no parameter constructorendl; / 注意，上面的无参构造函数不能省略，因为在main()中创建无参对象noName时会调用此函/ 数，如果省略掉此条语句则编译时会显示以下的错误信息：/ error C2512: Student : no appropriate default constructor availableprotected: char name20;void main() Student noName; Student ss(Jenny); 二十四题/ test.hclass test private: int num; float f1; public: test(); test(int n, float f); / 参数化的构造函数 int getint()return num; float getfloat()return f1;/ test.cpp#include test.h#includeusing namespace std;test:test() coutInitializing defaultendl; num = 0; f1 = 0.0;test:test(int n, float f) coutInitializing n, fendl; num = n; f1 = f;/ ex3_10.cpp#include test.h#includeusing namespace std;void main()coutthe main function:endl;test array5;coutthe second element of array is array1.getint() array1.getfloat()endl;二十五题#includeusing namespace std;class test private: int num; float f1; public: test(int n); test(int n, float f); ;inline test:test(int n) coutInitializing nendl; num = n;test:test(int n, float f) coutInitializing n, fendl; num = n; f1 = f;void main()/ test array03; 若加上此语句，则编译时会出现如下的错误信息：/ error C2512: test : no appropriate default constructor availabletest array13 = 1,2,3;test array2 = test(2,3.5),test(4);test array3 = test(5.5,6.5),test(7,8.5); / array3有2个元素test array4 = test(5.5, 6.5), 7.5, 8.5; / array4有3个元素二十六题#include#includeusing namespace std;class Person public: Person(char *na) / 构造函数 coutcall constructorendl; name=new charstrlen(na)+1; / 使用new进行动态内存分配 if(name!=0) strcpy(name,na); Person(Person&p) / 深拷贝构造函数 coutcall copy constructorendl; name=new charstrlen()+1; / 复制资源 if(name!=0) strcpy(name,); / 复制对象空间 void printname() coutnameendl; Person()delete name; / 析构函数的定义，参见3.3.2小节private: char *name; / 类定义的结束 void main() Person wang(wang); Person li(wang); wang.printname(); li.printname();二十八题class SillyClass public: SillyClass(int&i):ten(10),refI(i) protected: const int ten; / 常量数据成员 int&refI; / 引用数据成员 ;void main() int i ; SillyClass sc(i);二十九题#includeclass RMBpublic: RMB(double value = 0.0); / 构造函数用作类型转换 operator double() return yuan + jf / 100.0; / 类类型转换函数 void display() cout (yuan + jf / 100.0) endl; protected: unsigned int yuan; unsigned int jf;RMB:RMB(double value) yuan = value; jf = ( value - yuan ) * 100 + 0.5;void main() RMB d1(2.0), d2(1.5), d3; d3 = RMB(double)d1 + (double)d2); / 显式转换 d3 = d1 + d2; / 隐式转换，系统首先会调用类类型转换函数把对象d1和d2隐式转换为double数据类型，/ 然后进行相加，加完的结果再调用构造函数隐式转换为RMB类类型，赋给d3。 d3.display();三十题/【例3.15】析构函数和构造函数的调用顺序#include #include class Studentpublic: Student(char* pName=no name,int ssId=0) strncpy(name,pName,40); name39= 0; id = ssId; cout Constructing new student pName endl; Student(Student& s) / 拷贝构造函数 cout Constructing copy of endl; strcpy(name, copy of ); strcat(name,); id=s.id; Student() cout Destructing name endl; protected: char name40; int id;void fn(Student s) cout In function fn()n; / fn函数调用结束时，析构对象svoid main() Student randy(Randy,1234); / 调用构造函数，创建对象randy Student wang(wang,5678); / 调用构造函数，创建对象wang cout Calling fn()n; fn(randy); / 调用fn函数，参数传递时调用拷贝构造函数 cout Returned from fn()n;/ 主函数调用结束时，先析构对象wang，再析构对象randy三十一题#include #include class StudentIDpublic: StudentID(int id=0) / 带缺省参数的构造函数 value=id; cout Assigning student id value endl; StudentID() cout Destructing id value endl; private: int value;class Studentpublic: Student(char* pName=no name,int ssID=0):id(ssID) cout Constructing student pName endl; strncpy(name,pName,sizeof(name); namesizeof(name)-1=n; Student() coutDeconstructing student nameendl;protected: char name20; StudentID id; / 对象成员;void main() Student s(wang,9901); Student t(li);三十二题#includeclass Student / 学生类的定义 public: Student() coutconstructing student.n; semesHours=100; gpa=3.5; Student() coutdestructing student.n; protected: int semesHours; float gpa;class Teacher / 教师类的定义 public:Teacher() coutconstructing teacher.n; Teacher() coutdestructing teacher.n;class Tutorpair / 帮教类的定义 public: Tutorpair() coutconstructing tutorpair.n; nomeeting=0; Tutorpair() coutdestructing tutorpair.n; protected: Student student; Teacher teacher; int nomeeting; / 会晤时间;void main() Tutorpair tp; coutback main.n;三十三题#includeclass A static int i; / 定义静态数据成员 public: A()i+; int list()return i;int A:i=0; / 请注意静态数据成员的初始化格式,无static关键字void main() A a1,a2,a3; couta1.list(),a2.list(),a3.list(); / 显示均为3（因为创建三个对象，三次使得静态数据成员加1）三十四题#include #include class Studentpublic: Student(char* pName =no name) cout create one studentn; strncpy(name,pName,40); name39=0; noOfStudents+; / 静态成员：每创建一个对象，学生人数增1 cout noOfStudents endl; Student()