动词-ing形式的用法.docVIP

V-ing形式的用法动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语 【知识点拨】一、动词-ing形式作表语动词-ing形式可用在系动词后面作表语，说明主语的性质或情况，多表示一般性的或抽象的行为。例如：The news that our school won the game was exciting.注意：动词-ing形式作表语与进行时态的区别：进行时态表示主语正在做什么，而动词-ing形式作表语只是说明主语的特性或情况。试比较：Mike is listening to music. 迈克正在听音乐。(当前正在进行的动作)Mikes favorite hobby is listening to music.迈克最大的爱好是听音乐。(说明主语的情况)二、动词-ing形式作定语动词-ing形式作定语有两种用法，即：1. 表示所修饰名词的用途或功能，意为“供用的”。例如： a reading room, a swimming pool, a singing competition, drinking water等。2. 表示主动和正在进行，相当于一个定语从句。例如：falling leaves (=leaves that are falling), the rising sun (=the sun that is rising)。单个的动词-ing形式作定语通常放在所修饰的名词之前，而短语则一般被放在所修饰的名词之后。例如：exciting news, the students talking about the problem。三、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，即用来补充说明宾语的动作或情况。常用的跟动词-ing形式作宾补的动词有：1. 表示感觉和心理状态的动词。常见的有 see, watch, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, catch等。例如：I could feel my heart beating wildly.2. 使役动词。常见的有have, set, keep, get, leave等。例如：They had the light burning all night.【巩固练习】I. 单项填空。1. When she got home, she found her little son _ on the ground, crying.A. lies B. lay C. lying D. laying2. The patient _ by the doctor is Li Mings mother.A. to examine B. examiningC. is examined D. being examined3. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smell B. smellingC. smelt D. to be smelt4. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?A. being burnt B. burntC. burning D. to be burnt5. We were deeply _ by the old mans _ story.A. moved; moving B. moving; movingC. moving; moved D. moved; moved6. My parents have always made me _ about myself, even when I was twelve.A. feeling well B. feeling goodC. feel well D. feel good7. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him.A. calling B. calledC. being called D. to call8. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.A. filled B. fillingC. to fill D. being filledII. 根据括号里的提示完成句子。1. What he said was _(令人困惑的).2. Ill fire you if _ (我再发现你抽烟) in the workshop.3. I saw a note on my desk _ (上面写的是我女儿下午要来看我).4. What children like most is _ (在班里受到表扬). Key: I. 14 CDBC 58 ADABII. 1. puzzling2. I find you smoking again3. saying that my daughter would come to see me this afternoon4. being praised in the class动词-ing形式作主语和宾语 【知识点拨】一、动词-ing形式作主语 动词-ing形式作主语常用来表示经常性和习惯性的动作。动词-ing形式作主语通常放在句首。例如：Listening to music is my sisters hobby. 动词-ing形式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，可以用it作形式主语。常用的结构：1. It is + no use / no good / useless etc.+ v-ing2. It is + nice / good / interesting / a waste of etc. + v-ing 例如：It is no use crying over spilt milk.二、动词-ing形式作宾语 动词-ing形式既可作动词的宾语，又可作介词的宾语。1. 以下动词或短语只接动词-ing形式作宾语：admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, keep, mind, miss, suggest等动词; cant stand, give up, feel like, keep on, think of, set about, dream of 等短语。2. 在下列短语中，to是介词，后面应用动词-ing形式作宾语：be / get used to, look forward to, devoteto, pay attention to, object to等。3. 下列动词或短语既可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别： like, love, prefer如表示经常性的行为后接动词-ing形式；如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式，但要注意：如果like, love, prefer前有would，后面则接动词不定式。如：Would you like to go shopping with me? 下列几组词接动词-ing形式作宾语和不定式作宾语含义不同：forget doing 忘记已做过某事； forget to do 忘记要做某事remember doing 记得做过某事； remember to do 记住要做某事mean doing 意思是，意味着； mean to do 打算做regret doing 后悔做过某事; regret to do 遗憾要做某事cant help doing 禁不住做； cant help (to) do 不能帮忙做。 在allow, permit, advise等动词后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语，如果这些词后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后要用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：We dont allow smoking in the classroom.We dont allow students to smoke. 动词need, require, want作“需要”解时，其后用动词-ing的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，这时动词-ing的主动形式表被动意义。如：Your coat wants washing. = Your coat wants to be washed.三、动词-ing的复合结构动词-ing的复合结构即：物主代词或名词所有格(作宾语时也可以用代词宾格或名词普通格) + 动词-ing。如：Lucys turning up surprised everyone present.Would you mind my / me using your mobile phone?四、动词-ing的时态、语态以及否定形式动词-ing有一般式(doing) 和完成式 (having done) 两种时态，一般式的被动语态是being done，完成式的被动语态是having been done。动词-ing的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。动词-ing的否定形式是在doing之前加not。例如：Im sorry for not having told you the news earlier.【巩固练习】单项填空。1. The suggestion they all objected to _ very effective finally.A. proved B. proving C. prove D. to prove2. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help.A. To have had B. Having hadC. Have D. Having3. What made you so happy? _ the first prize.A. Get B. Getting C. Got D. To get4. I really appreciate _ a great effort to help me out of the trouble.A. you to take B. your to takeC. your taking D. your being taken5. I still remember _ to see films in the open air when I was small.A. to take B. takingC. being taken D. to be taken6. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area _.A. need repairing B. needs to repairC. needs repairing D. need to repair7. You did very well at the meeting, Black. Well, I regret _ that to the boss.A. say B. to sayC. said D. having said8. It is worth considering what makes ”convenience” foods so popular, and _ better ones of your own.A. introduces B. to introduceC. introducing D. introduced Key: 14 ADBC 58 CADC动词-ing形式作状语 【知识点拨】 动词-ing形式在句中作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句。例如：Having finished his homework, he began to play computer games.(=After he had finished his homework, ) 动词-ing形式在句中作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。例如：Having lived in China for many years, he can speak Chinese fluently.(=Because he has lived in China for many years,) 动词-ing形式在句中作结果状语，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句。动词-ing形式作结果状语表示一种必然的结果。例如：He was ill, missing a few days classes.(=He was ill and as a result, he missed a few days classes.) 动词-ing形式在句中作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：Studying hard, you will pass the college entrance examination.(=If you study hard, you will pass the college entrance examination.) 动词-ing形式在句中作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。例如：Getting up early, he came late to school.(=Though he got up early, ) 动词-ing形式在句中作方式、伴随状语。动词-ing形式表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，通常放在句尾。例如：The children ran out of the classroom, laughing and talking happily.【补充说明】 动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。例如：Li Ming sat under the tree, chatting with his friends.(chatting的动作执行者是Li Ming)但是，某些动词-ing形式所构成的短语如 generally speaking, judging from / by, supposing作状语时，其逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。这种形式已经成为固定搭配。例如：Supposing you have one million dollars, what would you do? 在动词-ing形式前可加上适当的连词，如when, while, if，though，unless等，用来强调动词-ing形式与谓语的动作同时发生，或使动词-ing形式作状语所表达的意思更加明确。例如：When walking along the street, he met his old friend, Jane.【巩固练习】单项填空。1. Realizing I would be late, I quickly got up and, _ my school bag, went to school.A. carried B. carryingC. to carry D. having carried2. _ the passage a second time, the main idea will become clearer to you.A. When you read B. Your having readC. While reading D. If reading3. _ it rains tomorrow, can we play the match indoors?A. We suppose B. SupposedC. To suppose D. Supposing4. _ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk B. WalkingC. Walked D. Having walked5. _ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.A. Not