主谓一致讲解及练习.docVIP

主谓一致讲解及练习一、主谓一致的含义：主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。二、主谓一致三原则：主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。（一）、语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。1. 单数或不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。如：The teacher is here and the students are there 老师在这里，学生在那边。2each，every，neither，either，no+单数名词作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Each room is full of people 每间屋子都挤满了人。Each boy and girl_a new bookAare given Bwas given Cbeing given Dwere given3主语+with，together with， like，as well as，except, including等短语作定语时，谓语的单、复数与主语一致。如： He as well as I wants to go boating. 他和我想去划船。 The teacher together with his students is going there on foot. 老师和他的学生一起步行到达那里。Nobody but Jane_the secretAknows BKnow Chave know Dis know4something，everything，anything，nothing，everybody，anybody，everyone，anyone，no one，nobody等复合不定代以及单独的either，neither，each(each of)，no one，the other，another等词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如： Something_wrong with my TV set Awas Were Chas DaleEveryone seeks happiness每个人都追求幸福。5动词不定式、动词的-ing形式或从句等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：What we need is time我们所需要的就是时间。To enjoy life is to enjoy happiness享受生活就是享受幸福。6.由and或bothand连接的并列主语，谓语动词一般用复数形式，如： Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黄油都卖光了。如果and并列的主语指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，其谓语动词要用单数形式，这时and后的名词没有冠词。如： The teacher and writer is coming to our school. 那位教师兼作家将要来我们学校。用and连接的两个单数名词做主语，前面若有each，every，no等词修饰时，谓语耍用单数形式。例: Each boy and girl_a new bookAare given Bwas given Cbeing given Dwere given（二）、意义一致原则：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。1表示度量、价格、时间、长度的复数名词、词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。2集体名词family，team， company，class，group，government等，如果看作整体则谓语用单数，如果强调其中的每一个组成成员，谓语动词用复数。如：My family is a small one with three people我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。值得注意的是people，police，cattle等集体名词没有单数形式，它们作主语时，谓语动词只能用复数。如：The police are looking for him警察正在找他。3某些只有复数形式的名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。这类名词常见的有clothes，trousers， shorts， pants， shoes， gloves， scissors等。如：My clothes are usually made by my mother我的衣服通常是由妈妈做的。但是如果受a pair of等限定时，谓语常用单数。4.以-s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等，如: No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。5pair ofkind of等表示数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语动词要与pair等名词的形式一致。如：A pair of glasses is lying on the table一副眼镜在桌上。 Fifry pairs of pants are made in our factory each day每天我们的工厂能生产五十条裤子。6.用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名等的复数名词作主语，其谓语动词用单数。如：The Times is a very interesting newspaper时代是一份很有趣的报纸。7算式中(用于数学运算的数字做主语)，谓语动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。如：Forty minus fifteen leavesis twentyfive四十减十五等于二十五。Five times eight isare forty五乘以八等于四十。8.“the+形容词”作主语时，如果指一类人，其谓语动词用复数形式；如果指抽象概念，其谓语动词用单数 如：Th e rich often help the poor富人应该帮助穷人。Th e new is sure to take the place of the old新生事物最终会取代旧的事物。The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。The old_taken good care of in our countryAis BHas Care Dhave9疑问代词who，what，which，不定代词all，more，sortie，any，none，most等，“分数或百分数+of+名词或代词”，以及名词half，part，the rest等，它们作主语既可以表示复数意义，又可以表示单数意义，其谓语动词要视具体情况而定。如：Which is your room? 哪个是你的房间?Which are your rooms? 哪几间是你们的房间?Are any of the students interested in going? 学生中有人有兴趣去吗?Has any of you got a fountainpen? 你们当中谁有自来水笔?10.单个的动名词(或动名词短语)、不定式(或不定式短语)以及名词从句做主语，谓语动词使用单数形式。当用and连接上述相同的两个成分时，谓语才用复数形式。例： _good exerciseA Climbing hills is BClimbing the hill is CThe climbing hill are DThe climbing of hill are 11. half of，all of，a part of，a lot of，the rest of，“分数或百分数+0f+名词或代词”短语通常由0f后面的名词、代词决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。例 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city. 百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。Half of the students _made the same mistakeAhas Bhave Cis Dare (三)、就近原则: 指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。1当here be, there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 例：There is a pen， a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本 There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。 Here is a pen，a few envelopes and some pape r for you这儿有一支笔、几个信封和一些纸给你。2由连词eitheror，neitheror，not onlybut also连接的两个名词(或代词)做主语时谓语要与邻近它的主语一致。如：Either you or Yao Ming is to do the work不是你就是姚明来做这项工作。 Not only the students but also the teacher has gone to the Great Wal1不但学生而且老师都去了长城。Neither my sister nor I_going to the moviesAis Bare Cam Dwere 主谓一致常考题型1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。The desk is Toms. 这张桌子是汤姆的。Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为许多，但谓语要用单数形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如：Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0磅并不太重。5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。 Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 To see is to believe 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。9. 当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但名词+as well as+名词时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。 Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。 The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) A knife and fork is on the table.11. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。 People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 His family isnt large. 他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。15. 由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；or, eitheror，neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。 Either my wife or I am going. Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer. Not only you but also he is ready to leave.如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。 Each of us has his likes and dislikes. Neither of the books is very interesting.16. 如果主语是由a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词构成时，动词一般用单数形式。 A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods. The number of the students is over 80017以here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致 There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you.18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式. The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。一、找出用错的单词并改正：1.There are some water and an apple on the desk._2.Either her mother or her father call for her everyday._3.Are neither she nor you a student?_4.Not only you but also he are in trouble._5.Not his son but he have a car._6.Are he or she afraid to go out at night?_二、想一想，做一做.1.Three hours _(be) a short time.2.Ten pounds _(be) not so heavy.3.9999_(be) a large number .4.To see _(be) to believe.5.Whether we go or not _(depend) on the weather.6.Time _(be) money.7.The writer and the teacher _ (be) coming.8.The writer and teacher_ (be) coming.9.Many a person _(have) had that kind of Experience.三、选择题：1.Twenty years _ passed. A are B is C have D has2.Many a student _ made the same mistake. A has B have C is D are3.Either you or I _ right . A is B am C are D were4.The old _ taken good care of in this country. A am B is C are D was5.His family _ very big .His family _fond of music. A are; is B is; are C is;is D are;are6.The teacher with two students _ into the room. A go B goes C have gone D going7.His shoes _ worn out. The pair of shoes_ Worn out. A have; has B has ; have C has;has D have;have8.Not only you but also she _ wrong. A are B am C is D do9.When and where to hold the meeting_. A have not decided B has not decided C is not decided D are not decided10.Two thirds of water _ from the Yellow River A are B come C go D comes 11.Going to bed early and getting up early _ a good habit . A is B make C become D are7.His shoes _ worn out. The pair of shoes_ Worn out. A have; has B has ; have C has; has D have; have8.Not only you but also she _ wrong. A are B am C is D do9.When and where to hold the meeting_. A have not decided B has not decided C is not decided D are not decide