初中短语总结--yjwnnn0.docVIP

七年级上1. 颜色红red 黄yellow 绿green 橙orange 蓝blue 黑black 白white 灰grey 紫purple 棕brown 粉pink2. first name = given name 名last name = family name = surname 姓3. call sb. at 1234 给某人打电话，号码是12344. lost and found 失物招领处Lost 寻物启事Found 失物招领5. family家庭（集合名词，单数）：My family is a big family.家庭成员（复数）：My family are all very kind.6. My bag is on the bed. 物品在床上用on, 且bed前要有限定词，如the, my 等。He is in bed. 人躺在床上用in，且bed前无任何限定词。7. 在树上in the tree：外来人或物在树上While John was walking to school, he saw a cat in a tree.当约翰正步行去上学时，他看到树上有只猫。on the tree：树上本身长的，如果实，花儿等The apples are on the tree.8. 拿、带、取take：拿走、带走，Can you take him to the park? 你能把他带到公园吗？bring：拿来、带来，Please bring my books to me. 请把我的书给我拿来。fetch：去拿来，She has gone to fetch water. 她去打水了。get:：多用于口语，与fetch同义。 Go and get some water. 去打些水来carry：随身携带，Let me carry the box for you. 让我替你拿这个箱子。9. some 和any 一些some：修饰可数名词/不可数名词，常用于肯定句或表建议、请求的疑问句中any：一般用于疑问句和否定句中。I have some friends.Would you like some apples?I dont like any fruits.10. 倒装句：加强语气，起强调作用。Here is my room.（正常语序：My room is here.）11. 祈使句：以动词开头，省略主语。如：Stop talking！ Lets go. Dont be late. No smoking.肯定回答：OK, All right 等 否定回答：Sorry, I等12. 感叹句：What a funny man (he is)! What beautiful flowers they are! = How beautiful the flowers are!13. play basketball，play tennis, play computer gamesplay the piano, 乐器前，要加the14. He has a sports collection. 他收藏体育用品。He has a small sports collection. 少量He has a great sports collection. 大量Play sports, 进行体育锻炼，sports star 体育明星15. every day 每天，是副词短语。He reads newspapers every day. 他每天读报everyday 每天的，日常的， 是形容词。如：everyday work，日常工作16. 不可数名词：Paper，water，orange(橙汁)，glass(玻璃)，ice，ice cream，chicken(鸡肉)，broccoli， fruit(水果的总称)，work(体力和脑力劳动)，advice，yogurt（酸乳酪），sauce(酱油), bread, milk, doffee不能用数词、冠词来修饰, 也不能用many，可以用some, much, lots of修饰，17. 评价某人/某物How do you like sth/sb.? = What do you think of.? = How do you feel about?你觉得(认为)。怎么样？询问对方对某人或某物的看法How do you like Chinese food?What does she think of Tommy?How do you like about sth/sb.? 就某一方面进行询问，你喜欢哪方面？How do you like about China?I like Chinese and people.18. 一日三餐(breakfast, lunch, dinner)前通常不用冠词。19. have 与 there be某人有某物 sb. have(has) sth.某处有某人或某物 there be, 属倒装句，这个句型中不能出现haveThere is a bed in his room. He has a bed in his room.注意：there be 中，be遵循就近原则 Here is。中，be遵循数量原则Here are a present and a letter for you. 这儿有你的一件礼物和一封信。There is a present and a letter on the desk.Here are books for you.20. My birthday is April thirteenth(April the thirteenth, April 13th, 或 Apr. 13).序数词：1st, 2nd, 3rd, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, 31st,.其余都是th，如11th，12th，21. 周末 on weekends(美式), at weekends(英式)22. good with sb. 善待某人 she is good with her students. 对学生很好good with sth. 善于使用某物 she is good with her hands, 手巧help sb. with sth, 帮某人做某事，Can you help me with my English? 帮我学英语23. go to school 上学， go to the school 到学校去24. be strict with sb. 对某人严格 The teacher is very strict with his students.be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格My English teacher is very strict with us, and she is also very strict inher work. 我的英语老师对我们要求很严格，而且她对自己的工作也严格要求25. play with 玩耍Tom often plays with his pens in class. Tom上课经常玩钢笔。26. 时间介词in, on, at泛指的上午、下午、晚上，或周、月、季节、年、世纪等时间段，用inIn the morning (afternoon/evening/daytime)，in summer，in a week，in July具体到某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上时，用onWe will have a meeting on Monday afternoon. He came to this city on a cold morning in February. 二月的一个寒冷的早晨on Tuesday，on a cold evening，on the morning of May 1st表示具体的时间，具体到几点钟，用atat five oclockat noon，at night，at this time of year，at the moment七年级下1. talk与某人谈话: talk with (to) sb. My teacher is talking with my mother.谈论某事：talk about (of) sth. What are they talking about?2. 我认为他不是我们英语老师I dont think he is our English teacher. 在主句中加not，但否定的是从句部分。同样的，还有believeI dont believe he knows that place. 我相信他不知道那个地方。3. little： 几乎没有，表否定，修饰不可数名词a little：有一些、少量。 表肯定few：表否定，修饰可数名词。a few： 表肯定I have a little chicken. 我有一点鸡肉。I know little English. 我几乎不懂英语。There are few people living there. 几乎没有人住在那里I met a few of my friends at the party. 我在宴会山遇到了我的几个朋友4. 我们同龄 We are of an age.5. 表示方位：next to 紧挨着in front of 在。前面（注意in the front of 表示本身的前部）betweenand 在两者之间 (三者或三者以上之中，用among)behind 在。后面across from= on the other side of 在。对面on 在上面6. It is down Bridge Street on the right. 沿大桥街走，在右边。从城区往农村走、从市中心往城区走，用down从农村往城区走、从城区往市中心走，用up7. 表示感谢：回答感谢：Thank you.Thats all right Thats OKThank you very much.Dont mention it. Never mind.Thanks.Not at all. Its nothingThanks a lot.Youre welcome.Many thanks.Its my pleasure.8. get , arrive, reach 到达get：是不及物动词，后面加to，但get to多用于口语Can we get to the station in time? 我们能及时赶到车站吗？arrive：是不及物动词，后面接at（小地方）或in（大地方）才能加地点名词。At what time did you arrive at the station? 你几点到车站的？reach：是及物动词，可直接接地点名词 They reach London. 他们到达了伦敦。地点副词here, there, home时，不接toThey arrived here last night. He got home last night.9. kind of 有点，稍微She is kind of shy. 她有点害羞。10. small与little，小small：度量、面积、数量的小，少。反义词：largelittle：带有赞赏、爱怜等感情色彩。反义词：big，great11. 询问某人职业：What do you do? What is she? 这种句型不适合第二人称Whats your job? I am a nurse.12. sometimes, some times, sometime, 与some timesometimes： 有时，是表示频率的副词。He sometimes writes to me. some times： 几次/几倍，是名词短语。Ive been there some times. 去过几次了。sometime：在某个时候，副词，常用于将来。Ill come sometime tomorrow. 明天我找时间来。some time：一段时间，是名词短语。Ive stay in China for some time.13. In hospital 住院In the hospital, 或in a hospital, 在医院里（工作、学习等）类似的还有：at school 在上学at the school 在学校里 at table 在吃饭at the table 在桌旁 by sea 乘船by the sea 在海边 on earth 到底 究竟on the earth 在地球上14. other，another，the other，others，the others（参见7年纪下全解P77图）other：其他的、别的，形容词。What other animals can you see in the picture?We study Chinese, English, maths and other subjects.another：:再一个、又一个，可修饰名词，也可作代词单独使用。Please give me another pen.the other：两者中的另一个She has tow children. One is a boy; the other is a girl.others：代词，泛指“其它的人或物” ，指“剩余的部分”You should think of others, 你应该为他人着想。Some of us like singing. Others go in for sports. 我们中有些人喜欢唱歌，另外一些人爱好体育活动。the others：代词，特指“其余的人或物” ，指“剩余的全部”There are 55 students in our class. Thirty of us are girls; the others are boys.15. 询问天气Hows the weather?What do you think of the weather? Whats the weather like?16. 电话用语你是。吗？ Is that。？不能用 Are you。？我是。 This is。 不能用 I am。您是哪位？ Whos that (it/speaking) ? 不能用 Who are you？想找Lili May/could/can I talk to Lily.? 或 Id like to speak to Lily我就是 Speaking! 或 This is Lily speaking.稍等Hold on或 Hold the line, please转告May I take a message for you?May I leave a message?17. vacation(美国) 与 holiday(英国) ，通常vacation为较长的假期。summer holidays 暑假summer vacation 暑假度假：on vacation, 或 on holidy18. 询问某人的外貌特征What does he look like?He is medium height. 中等个儿He is medium build. 中等身材He has short, straight hair.19. a little bit, a little, a bit做状语时可通用。Today is a little bit/a little/a bit cold. 今天有点儿冷。做定语时，a little可直接接不可数名词；a bit需加of。There is a little/a bit of water in the glass.20. stopstop doing sth. 停止正在做的事，Stop talking, please.stop to do sth. 停下来做某事（停下正在做的事，开始做另一件事）I am tired. Lets stop to have a rest. 我累了，咱们停下来休息一下吧stopfrom doing：表示阻止。做。（类似的有preventfrom doing以及keepfrom doing），keep词组中的from可省略，其他的不能The heavy rain kept us from going out. 大雨使我们无法出去I stop her telling it to her friends. 我不让她把那件事告诉她的朋友们cant stop doing sth.：忍不住做某事I couldnt stop laughing when I heard it, 听到那件事，我忍不住大笑起来21. keepkeep doing sth：不停/反复做某事The conductor kept coming to offer them hot water. 列车员不时过来提供热水keep sb, doing sth：使某人一直做某事I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 对不起，让你久等了keep sb from doing sth：阻止某人做某事Forests help to keep water from running away. 森林有助于防止水资源流失22. rememberremember doing sth. 记得做过某事 I remember telling you about it. 记得告诉过你了remember to do sth. 记着去做某事 Remember to turn off the light .23. Start(begin同)Start to do sth. 和start doing sth. 都表示开始做某事，下列三种情况用to，不用ingn 主语是物，不是人The ice started to melt. 冰开始融化了。n Start本身是ing形式He is just starting to write the letter. 他刚刚开始写那封信。n 其后的动词与想法、感情有关时She started to understand it. 她开始明白这件事。24. begin / end：其内涵是“使处于进程中”，强调起点及过程的开始，侧重于时间We begin the class at 8 oclock in the morning. 我们早上八点开始上课Start / stop：指由静到动的过程，侧重于某动作中断后的突然开始。They start their work at once as soon as they arrived there.他们一到那里就开始工作了25. 复合形容词：用连词符连接的复合形容词中的量词一定要用单数good-looking 好看的man-eating fish 食人鱼man-made satellite 人造卫星a million-pound note 一张百万英镑的钞票a ten-year-old boy = a boy of ten years old 一个十岁的小男孩an 8-year-old boy (注意：8、11、18、80前要用an)26. 名词作定语当其修饰的词变为复数时，作定语的名词一般不变复数，但man和woman除外。two tomato pizzasa man doctor- 5 men doctorsa woman police- many women police27. and 和 orHe likes fish and beef.He doesnt like fish or beef.It has no arms and no legs=It has no arms or legs.28. also, too, as well, either, as well as，也also：较正式，位置通常接近动词，不用于句末。表强调时，也可位于句末。即可用于肯定句，也可用于否定句。He is also a teacher. He also doesnt play the piano.too：用于肯定句，通常在句末，前面用逗号。也可在句中，前后都加逗号。He is a teacher, too. I often watch TV. She does, too.either：用于否定句，一般位于句末。He doesnt play the piano either.I dont often watch TV. She doesnt, either.as well：多用于口语，常用于肯定句，只用于句末。He plays the piano as well.as well as：连词，用来连接2个部分。当连接2个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词要与第一个相一致。My mother as well as my teachers is going to take me to the show.So do I = I do, too.He doesnt, either = Neither do I. 29. spend, pay, take, cost 花费pay：主语是人。Pay some money for sth. How much money did you pay for the book? spend：主语必须是人。spend time/money on sth./(in) doing sthI spend 10 Yuan on/(in) buying the book.take：只用于花费时间。It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.I spend half an hour on/(in) drawing the picture.= It took me half an hour to draw the picture.cost：主语为物，花费（时间、金钱、劳力等）The skirt cost me two hundred yuan. 那条裙子花了我200元钱。这件上衣我花了20美元，可以有下列表达方式：The coat cost me 20 dollars.= I spent 20 dollars on the coat.= I paid 20 dollars for the coat.= I bought the coat for 20 dollars.= I bought the coat at the price of 20 dollars.= It took me 20 dollars to by the coat.30. everyone 与 every oneeveryone=everybody：只能指人，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。不能用of短语作定语。 Everyone is here.Do you think everyone enjoys their weekends?every one：可指人，也可指物。可以用of短语作定语。Every one of us has the right to work.31. watch：感官动词（常用的感官动词还有：see, hear, notice, find, feel等）watch sb. doing sth：看见某人正在做某事He watches the boys playing football.I found a small boy crying in the corner.We can hear the birds singing.I feel my heart beating fast.watch sb. do sth.：看见某人经常做某事，或看见某人做过某事。（不定式省略to）He often watches the boys play football.32. stay up：不睡觉，熬夜We often stayed up till after midnight to see the New Year in.我们通常熬到半夜以后等着新年的到来。stay away from：不在，缺席 Why did you stay away from school?33. exam：正式的考试，如：期中考试、入学考试。We will have an exam in Chinese tomorrow. 我们明天考语文。test：小考或测验He failed in this English test. 这次英语测验他不及格。quiz：事先无准备，随时进行的问答或测验The teacher gave us a five-minute quiz. 老师给我们进行了一次5分钟的测验。34. Help sb. (to)do sth. = help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事I often help parents do housework.= I often help parents with housework.Exercise helps us to get good grades.35. help sb. out：帮助某人解决难题（或摆脱困境）I cant work out this math problem. Please help me out.我做不出这道数学题，请帮我解决。36. mind：作动词时表示“介意、反对”，后接名词、代词和动词ing，不接不定式。Do(would) you mind smoking here? 在这吸烟你介意吗？ 如果不介意，用Not at all，或No, of course not.如果介意，用Im sorry，不用Yes后面只能跟动名词，不能跟不定式的动词还有：enjoy，finish，practise等37. Ms.：女士，用在姓前，指看不出是否结婚Mrs：女士，指已婚女士，其后要跟丈夫的姓 Mrs Green 格林夫人Miss：未婚小姐38. have to 与 must 必须have to：强调客观需要, 用于多种时态。否定时用dont have to=neednt，表示“不必”。must：强调主观愿望，只用于一般现在时。否定句mustnt表示“决不可”。We must clean our rooms every day. Women必须每天打扫房间。We have to go home now. 我们现在得回家了。We mustnt tell him about it. 我们决不能告诉他这件事。We dont have to tell him about it. 我们不必告诉他这件事。39. need 需要need to do：主语是人，与need后面的动词有主谓关系 I need to go at once. 我得马上走。need doing：主语是物，与need后面的动词是动宾关系, = need to be done The TV needs mending. 这台电视需要修理了。need还可以做情态动词，用于否定句或疑问句，肯定句中用must，have to，ought to 或should代替 You neednt come so early. 你没必要来这么早。 Need I type the letter again? 我需要重打这封信吗？ Yes, you must. No, you neednt. 40. too much与much tootoo much：意为“太多”，修饰不可数名词（修饰可数名词用too many）much too：意为“太，实在太，非常”He eats too much. 他吃得太多。There are too many children in the room. 房间里孩子太多。The watch is much too expensive. 这块表太贵了。The watch is much too dear. 这块表太贵了。八年级上1. How often do you watch TV？every day每天once a week 每周1次twice a month每月2次three times a week每周3次every two days每2天频度副词：放在行为动词之前，系动词或助动词之后。sometimes也可在句首或句尾。always：几乎100%总是、永远，=all the timeusually：约90%通常、经常often/frequently：约60%经常、通常sometimes：约30%有时，=at timesoccasionally：偶尔hardly ever/hardly约2%难得、几乎从不，seldom/rarely：几乎不、几乎没有never：约0%根本不、决不、从不He always comes late.It was so dark that I could hardly see.Sometimes I help my mother do houseword.2. how often： 多久一次，用来提问频率how many：多少，用来提问数量，后面跟可数名词复数how much：多少，用来提问数量或询问价钱。后面跟不可数名词how old： 多大。用来提问年龄how about：你以为。如何？。怎么样？用来征求意见how soon：多久，用来提问某人要过多久才能做好某事，与将来时连用how long：多长（时间），用来询问时间，指时间上的长短how far：多远，用来询问距离，指路程上的远近3. 表示“关于”的about和on的区别on：表示严肃的或学术性的内容，是供专门研究用的，常用在书面语中about：表示内容较普通，不太正式，常用在口语中 a textbook on history 一本历史教科书，books on the history of China a book for children about fruit, stories about Lei Feng4. be good(bad) for 对。有益(有害)be good(bad) to sb =be friendly(kind) to sb. =be good with sb 对。友好(和善) Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看太多电视对你的眼睛有害。 She is good to me. 她对我很和善。 Practice is good for health. 锻炼有益于健康be good(bad) at：擅长，在。方面做得好，较笼统地指某一方面有特长，很优秀do well in：指在具体某一件事情中干得出色，或指学校功课、成绩好 He is good at maths, but he didnt do well in the last exam. 他数学很好，但上次考试没考好。5. nice and = very, ratherIt is nice and warm here. 这里很暖和6. try to do sth.：尽力、设法去做某事。强调付出一定的努力或想方设法去完成。try doing sth：尝试着去做某事，不一定付出很大努力。 I will try to finish tomorrow. 我明天尽量完成。 If you like, you can try watching it. 如果你喜欢，你可以试着看一下。7. look after = take care of 照料、照顾、照看，后者还有“保管”的意思。8. kind of：后接形容词或副词，意思是“有点，有几分”The bike is kind of expensive.9. maybe：副词，“可能，也许、大概”，常在句首，也可在谓语动词之前。Is that his? Maybe, I am not sure. 那是他的吗？ 也许是，我说不准 Maybe he will come, maybe he wont. 他也许来，也许不来。may be：情态动词+动词原形，“可能是，也许是” She may be in the classroom. 她可能在教室。10. Although(though)。（yet）：虽然，即使。连词，引导让步状语从句。在一个句子里，用了although或though，就不能用but，但可以用yet, still。即所谓、“虽然。但是。”不见面。Although (though) it was very cold, (yet) he went out without an overcoat.= It was very cold, but he went out without an overcoat.尽管外面很冷，但他没穿大衣就出去了。11. 感冒：have a cold = catch a cold = take a cold重感冒：have a bad cold肚子痛/胃痛：have a stomachache发烧：have a fever咳嗽：have a cough头痛：have a headache牙痛：have a toothache12. 访问visit：较正式，可用于访问人，也可用于访问地方。 I visited my aunt in Beijing in the summer holidays. 暑假我探望了在北京的姑妈call on：有时可以代替visit，但只限于人，访问地方用call atWe called on Professor Liu a few days ago. 几天前我们拜访了刘教授。go to see：普通用语，一般用于人Tom is ill. Lets go to see him after school.drop in/on（drop by）：顺路探访，多用于口语。Would you like to drop in and have a cup of tea? 你顺便来喝杯茶好吗？I just dropped by to see you. 我只是顺便来看看你Would you drop in/on us this evening for a chat? 你今晚过来和我们聊聊好吗13. 以O结尾的名词变复数：两菜两人加es，其他一律加s两菜：tomato - tomatoes potato - potatoes两人：hero - heroes Negro - Negroes14. think about：考虑Ill think about it. 我会考虑这件事的。think of：考虑、关心、想起，常用于否定句，与ought, should, would连用，表示“有。想法，念头”I shouldnt think of that. 我不应该那么想。think over = think about carefully：仔细考虑Please think it over, I am sure you can get the answer.仔细想想，我相信你会找到答案的。think out：彻底思考，（通过思维）发现，解决We all tried our best, but finally Tom thought out a good way.我们都尽力了，但最后还是汤姆想出了好办法。15. somebody, something, someone, sometime, somewhere, anybody, anything, anyoneeverybody, everything, everyonenothing 这些词的谓语动词均为第三人称单数16. hear of：听说，得知，常用于否定及疑问句，不能用于进行时I never heard of such things. 我从未听说过这些事。Have you ever heard of him before? 以前你听说过他吗？hear about：听说，得到消息I have never heard about him. 我从没听说过他。hear from：收到。的来信，= get a letter fromI heard from my pen pal yesterday. 昨天我收到了我笔友的来信。hear out:：听某人把话说完Please hear me out first. 请先听我把话说完。17. forget to do sth.：忘记做。，表示将来的动作I forget to tell her about it. 我忘了把这件事告诉她了。Dont forget to call me. 别忘了给我打电话。 forget doing sth. ：忘记曾做过。，表示过去的动作I forget telling her about it. 我忘了我已经告诉了她这件事。I forget seeing you somewhere. 我忘了曾在哪儿见过你。18. forget 和leave都表示“忘了”forget：忘记带某物，后面只跟名词或代词作宾语I forgot my English book when I left home this morning.早上离开家时，我忘了带英语书了。I forgot his name. 我忘记了他的名字。leave：把某物忘在某处，后面一般跟名词加地点状语I think I left my bag on the bus. 我想我把包忘在公共汽车上了。I left my key at home. 我把钥匙忘在家里了19. cant wait to do sth. 等不及，迫不及待地He cantt wait to open the box. 他迫不及待地要打开那个盒子。cant help doing sth 情不自禁地The girl couldnt help crying as soon as she saw her mother.这个女孩儿一看到她妈妈就忍不住哭了。20. leave for：启程（动身）去某地I am leaving for Shanghai next week. 下周我要去上海。 leave from：离开某地I am leaving from Shanghai. 我要离开上海。21. How do you get to school? 询问去某地的交通方式How do you get there?I walk = I get to school on foot. 我步行到校。I ride my bike = I get to school by bike. 骑自行车I take the bus = I get to school by bus. 乘公共汽车I take the subway. = I get to school by subway. 乘地铁I take the train. = I get to school by train. 坐火车I take the car. = I get to school by car. 坐小汽车22. 宾语从句中引导词：that, if, whether, who, which, whose, when, where, why, how等- that 常省略He says （that）he has b