动词-ed形式的用法.doc

V-ed形式的用法过去分词作定语 I. 基本了解1. V-ed 形式的构成V-ed形式有规则变化和不规则变化之分。规则的V-ed形式由动词原形加词尾-ed构成，不规则的V-ed形式情况各异。2. V-ed 形式的意义及物动词的V-ed形式表示被动和完成，不及物动词的V-ed形式仅表示完成。自填助记a(n) cup 一个破杯子 the novel 出版了的小说a(n) country 发达国家 the leaves 落叶Key broken; published; developed; fallen II. V-ed形式作定语时的位置及意义1. 位置单个V-ed形式作定语时要放在被修饰的词语之前，V-ed形式短语作定语时要放在被修饰的词语之后。自填助记 He is _(一名退休工人). _(那个丢失的孩子) was found at last. _ (那个在电影院里丢失的孩子) was found at last. We are going to talk about the problem _ (上次会上讨论的).Key a retired worker The lost child The child lost in the cinema discussed at the last meeting2. 意义(1) V-ed形式作定语，意义上相当于一个定语从句。(2) 及物动词的V-ed形式和逻辑主语（即它所修饰的名词）之间是被动关系，强调动作已完成，可以替换为一个谓语动词是被动语态的定语从句。(3) 不及物动词的V-ed形式和逻辑主语之间是主动关系（即只说明逻辑主语所处的状态和具有的特点等），强调动作已完成，可以替换为一个谓语动词是主动语态的定语从句。自填助记 The house, built a hundred years ago, stood still after the earthquake.= The house, _ a hundred years ago, stood still after the earthquake. There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.= There are a lot of leaves _ in autumn. Key which was built which / that have fallen 高考链接1. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit on his own farm. 2009年北京卷A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow2. The trees in the storm have been moved off the road. 2008年湖南卷A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D to blow down3. It is one of the funniest things on the Internet so far this year. 2008年浙江卷A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found4. The Town Hall in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. 2007年上海卷A. to be completed B. having been completedC. Completed D. being completed5. “Things never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself. 2007年湖南卷A. lost B. Losing C. to lose D. have lost Key 1.A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A过去分词作宾语补足语 内容简介：过去分词作宾补，表示被动或完成意义。过去分词与宾语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 过去分词作宾补常用于以下四种情况：一、用在感官动词see, watch, notice, find, observe, catch, hear, feel等后面作宾补。如：She saw the wounded man carried into the hospital.她看到那个受伤的男人被抬进了医院。【考例点击】In the dream Peter saw himself by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start. (2006上海卷)A. chased B. to be chased C. be chased D. having been chased【A】【拓展】非谓语动词用在感官动词后作宾补的区别：不定式(不带to)常表示动作已结束，强调动作的全过程；现在分词表示正在进行的动作，强调当时的情景，为部分过程；过去分词与宾语之间为被动关系或表示动作已完成。【考例点击】After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice him. (2007上海春)A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call 【A】二、用在使役动词have, make, get, keep, leave等后面作宾补。如：He managed to get the task finished on time. 他设法按时完成了任务。【考例点击】Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short period. (2007福建卷)A. improved B. Improving C. to improve D. Improve 【A】【特别提醒】(1) 在“have+宾语+宾补”结构中，充当宾补的有do，doing和 done。do表示主动，动作可能发生；doing表示主动，动作在持续；have sth. done请别人来做某事或遭遇到某情况。如：The director had her assistant some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008全国II卷)A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up 【C】(2) 在“make+宾语+宾补”结构中用do或done而不用doing作宾补。如：My parents have always made me about myself, even when I was twelve.(2007江苏卷)A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good【D】(3)“keep/leave+宾语+宾补”，宾补由过去分词、现在分词等充当。They use computers to keep the traffic smoothly. (2009全国II卷)A. being run B. run C. to run D. running【D】三、用在order, want, wish, expect等表示“希望、要求”的动词后面作宾补。如：【考例点击】She wants her paintings in the gallery, but we dont think they would be verypopular. (2007上海春)A. display B. to display C. displaying D. displayed【D】【拓展】此类动词后跟to do和done作宾补。to do表主动，done表被动。四、在“with复合结构”中作宾补。如：The day ended with nothing settled.那一天什么也没解决就结束了。John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work , he gladly accepted it.(2007安徽卷)A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished【A】【拓展】在with复合结构中，不定式表示尚未发生的动作，现在分词表示主动关系，过去分词表示被动关系。如： Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down. (2007福建卷)A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled【B】过去分词作定语、表语 一、过去分词作定语：1. The ground is covered with fallen leaves.2. People today tend to choose vegetables grown without chemicals.3. The money raised at the evening will be sent to the earthquake survivors as soon as possible.通过对三个例句的观察，我们可以发现过去分词作定语的主要知识点：(1)单个的过去分词作定语一般置于被修饰的名词之前。如：cooked food, boiled water, fried eggs, a forced smile.过去分词短语作定语则置于被修饰的名词之后。如：problems left over by history, a woman dressed in green.(2) 及物动词的过去分词表示“被动”或“被动并结束了的动作”，如：vegetables grown without chemicals，a repaired car不及物动词的过去分词只表示“动作发生在谓语动词之前”或“动作已完成、已结束”，不表示被动。如：fallen leaves, faded flowers, the risen sun(3) 及物动词的过去分词可以扩展为一个谓语动词是被动语态的定语从句。如：vegetables grown without chemicals = vegetables which are grown without chemicals不及物动词的过去分词可以扩展为一个谓语动词是主动语态的定语从句。如：fallen leaves = leaves that have fallen二、过去分词作表语:1. The young NBA basketball king James is married.We are excited to hear the good news.2. The window of my room is broken. 我房间的窗户是坏的。（表主语所处状态）The window of my room is broken by my naughty cousin.我房间的窗户是被淘气的表弟打坏的。（表被动）3. Dont be so disappointed.（表主语主观上觉得失望的心理感受）The result of the exam is disappointing.（表主语客观上具有令人失望的性质特征）通过对这三组例句的观察，我们可以发现过去分词作表语的主要特征：(1) 过去分词作表语表示主语所处状态或主观心理感受，相当于形容词的作用。如例句1中的married (已婚的)，excited(激动的)。此类常见词还有：表状态：addicted, broken, gone, lost, seated, absorbed, dressed, separated, engaged表主观心理感受：excited, moved, puzzled, disappointed, surprised, frightened(2) 过去分词作表语还需把握好两点，即区分表示“主语所处状态”与表示被动语态的过去分词；区分v-ed形容词表“主观心理感受”与v-ing形容词表“客观上具有的性质特征”。三、高考直击：例1 The trees in the storm have been moved off the road. (2008湖南卷)A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down解析:B。本题考查非谓语动词。根据题干中 have been moved off the road可知，树是已被吹倒的，blown down作定语表示动作已发生，且与被修饰词The trees是被动关系。例2 The Town Hall in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.(2007上海卷)A. to be completed B. having been completedC. completed D. being completed解析: C。本题考查非谓语动词。过去分词作定语表示被动和已经完成的动作。根据时间状语 in the 1800s 可判断出要用过去分词作定语。不定式的被动式作定语表示将要被做的事。现在分词作定语表示正在被做的事。例3 Please remain ; the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (2008辽宁卷)A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated解析: B。本题考查非谓语动词。remain 在此为系动词，seated 相当于一个形容词，表示“坐好的”作表语。过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语应注意以下几点。一、过去分词与句子主语之间的关系(1) 过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作。过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。【高考链接1】 not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (2009福建卷)A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded 【B】【答题指导】分词在句子中作状语，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语之间的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。比较：Seen from the sky, our city is very beautiful. (our city与see之间是被动关系)Seeing from the sky, we find our city is very beautiful. ( we与see之间是主谓关系)(2) 有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；lost in(沉迷于)；dressed in(穿着)。由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具有此用法，如frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed等。如：Surprised at what had happened, Tom didnt know what to do.汤姆对发生的一切非常惊讶，以至于不知如何是好。【高考链接2】 and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top ofMount Tai. (2009浙江卷)A. To be tried B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired 【B】二、过去分词作状语所表示的意义过去分词作状语时表示时间、条件、原因、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句；表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。如：Looked (=If it is looked) at a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful.隔着一段距离看，这幅画似乎要漂亮得多。The cup fell down to the ground, broken.= The cup fell down to the ground and it was broken.茶杯掉到了地上，碎了。【高考链接3】 the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. (2009江西卷)A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given 【D】【高考链接4】Michaels new house is like a huge pa