化学常用词汇英汉对照.doc

化学常用词汇汉英对照表 Frequently-used Vocabulary for Chemistry合成材料 synthetic material 合成纤维 synthetic fiber 合成橡胶 synthetic rubber 核电荷数 nuclear charge number 核素 nuclide 化学电源 chemical power source 化学反应速率 chemical reaction rate 化学键 chemical bond 化学平衡 chemical equilibrium 还原剂 reducing agent 磺化反应 sulfonation reaction 霍尔槽 Hull Cell 极性分子 polar molecule 极性键 polar bond 加成反应 addition reaction 加聚反应 addition polymerization 甲烷 methane 碱金属 alkali metal 碱石灰 soda lime 结构式 structural formula 聚合反应 po1ymerization 可逆反应 reversible reaction 空气污染指数 air pollution index 离子反应 ionic reaction 离子方程式 ionic equation 离子键 ionic bond 锂电池 lithium cell 两性氢氧化物 amphoteric hydroxide 两性氧化物 amphoteric oxide 裂化 cracking 裂解 pyrolysis 硫氰化钾 potassium thiocyanate 硫酸钠 sodium sulfide 氯化铵 ammonium chloride 氯化钡 barium chloride 氯化钾 potassium chloride 氯化铝 aluminum chloride 氯化镁 magnesium chloride 氯化氢 hydrogen chloride 氯化铁 iron (III) chloride 氯水 chlorine water 麦芽糖 maltose 煤 coal 氨 ammonia 氨基酸 amino acid 铵盐 ammonium salt 饱和链烃 saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon 苯 benzene 变性 denaturation 不饱和烃 unsaturated hydrocarbon 超导材料 superconductive material 臭氧 ozone 醇 alcohol 次氯酸钾 potassium hypochlorite 醋酸钠 sodium acetate 蛋白质 protein 氮族元素 nitrogen group element 碘化钾 potassium iodide 碘化钠 sodium iodide 电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 电解质 electrolyte 电离平衡 ionization equilibrium 电子云 electron cloud 淀粉 starch 淀粉碘化钾试纸 starch potassium iodide paper 二氧化氮 nitrogen dioxide 二氧化硅 silicon dioxide 二氧化硫 sulfur dioxide 二氧化锰 manganese dioxide 芳香烃 aromatic hydrocarbon 放热反应 exothermic reaction 非极性分子 non-polar molecule 非极性键 non-polar bond 肥皂 soap 分馏 fractional distillation 酚 phenol 复合材料 composite 干电池 dry cell 干馏 dry distillation 甘油 glycerol 高分子化合物 polymer 共价键 covalent bond 官能团 functional group 光化学烟雾 photochemical fog 过氧化氢 hydrogen peroxide 酶 enzyme 摩尔 mole 摩尔质量 molar mass 品红 magenta或fuchsine 葡萄糖 glucose 气体摩尔体积 molar volume of gas 铅蓄电池 lead storage battery 强电解质 strong electrolyte 氢氟酸 hydrogen chloride 氢氧化铝 aluminum hydroxide 取代反应 substitution reaction 醛 aldehyde 炔烃 alkyne 燃料电池 fuel cell 弱电解质 weak electrolyte 石油 Petroleum 水解反应 hydrolysis reaction 四氯化碳 carbon tetrachloride 塑料 plastic 塑料的降解 plastic degradation 塑料的老化 plastic aging 酸碱中和滴定 acid-base neutralization titration 酸雨 acid rain 羧酸 carboxylic acid 碳酸钠 sodium carbonate 碳酸氢铵 ammonium bicarbonate 碳酸氢钠 sodium bicarbonate 糖类 carbohydrate 烃 hydrocarbon 烃的衍生物 derivative of hydrocarbon 烃基 hydrocarbon 同分异构体 isomer 同素异形体 allotrope 同位素 isotope 同系物 homo1og 涂料 coating 烷烃 alkane 物质的量 amount of substance 物质的量浓度 amount-of-substance concentration of B 烯烃 alkene 洗涤剂 detergent 纤维素 cellulose 相对分子质量 relative molecular mass 相对原子质量 relative atomic mass 消去反应 elimination reaction 硝化反应 nitration reaction 硝酸钡 barium nitrate 硝酸银 silver nitrate 溴的四氯化碳溶液 solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride 溴化钠 sodium bromide 溴水 bromine water 盐类的水解 hydrolysis of salts 盐析 salting-out 焰色反应 flame test 氧化剂 oxidizing agent 氧化铝 aluminum oxide 氧化铁 iron (III) oxide 乙醇 ethanol 乙醛 ethana1 乙炔 ethyne 乙酸 acetic acid 乙酸乙酯 ethyl acetate 乙烯 ethene 银镜反应 silver mirror reaction 硬脂酸 stearic acid 油脂 oils and fats 有机化合物 organic compound 元素周期表 periodic table of elements 元素周期律 periodic law of elements 原电池 primary battery 原子序数 atomic number 皂化反应 saponification 粘合剂 adhesive 蔗糖 sucrose 指示剂 Indicator 酯 ester 酯化反应 esterification 周期 period 族 group（主族：main group)1. The Ideal-Gas Equation理想气体状态方程2. 2.Partial Pressures分压3.Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4.The Vander Waals Equation范德华方程5.System and Surroundings系统与环境6.State and State Functions状态与状态函数7.Process过程8.Phase相9.The First Law of Thermodynamics热力学第一定律10.Heat and Work热与功11.Endothermic and Exothermic Processes吸热与发热过程12.Enthalpies of Reactions反应热13.Hesss Law盖斯定律14.Enthalpies of Formation生成焓15.Reaction Rates反应速率16.Reaction Order反应级数17.Rate Constants速率常数18.Activation Energy活化能19.The Arrhenius Equation阿累尼乌斯方程20.Reaction Mechanisms反应机理21.Homogeneous Catalysis均相催化剂22.Heterogeneous Catalysis非均相催化剂23.Enzymes酶24.The Equilibrium Constant平衡常数25.the Direction of Reaction反应方向26.Le Ch-ateliers Principle列沙特列原理27.Effects of Volume,Pressure,Temperature Changes and Catalysts体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28.Spontaneous Processes自发过程29.Entropy Standard Entropy熵标准熵30.The Second Law of Thermodynamics热力学第二定律31.Entropy Changes熵变32.Standard Free-Energy Changes标准自由能变33.Acid酸34.Bases碱35.The Proton in Water水合质子36.The pH Scales pH值37.The Dissociation of Water水离解38.Proton-Transfer Reactions质子转移反应39.Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs共轭酸碱对40.Relative Strength of Acids and Bases酸碱的相对强度41.Lewis Acids and Bases路易斯酸碱42.Hydrolysis of Metal Ions金属离子的水解43.Buffer Solutions缓冲溶液44.The Common-Ion Effects同离子效应45.Buffer Capacity缓冲容量46.Formation of Complex Ions配离子的形成47.Solubility溶解度48.The Solubility-Product Constant溶度积常数49.Precipitation and separation of Ions离子的沉淀与分离50.Selective Precipitation of Ions离子的选择沉淀51.Oxidation-Reduction Reactions氧化还原反应52.Oxidation Number氧化数53.Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations氧化还原反应方程的配平54.Half-Reaction半反应55.Galvani Cell原电池56.Voltaic Cell伏特电池57.Cell EMF电池电动势58.Standard Electrode Potentials标准电极电势59.Oxidizing and Reducing Agents氧化剂和还原剂60.The Nernst Equation能斯特方程61.Electrolysis电解62.The Wave Behavior of Electrons电子的波动性63.Bohrs Model of The Hydrogen Atom氢原子的波尔模型64.Line Spectra线光谱65.Quantum Numbers量子数66.Electron Spin电子自旋67.Atomic Orbital原子轨道68.The sp,d,f Orbital sp，d，f轨道69.Many-Electron Atoms多电子原子70.Energies of Orbital轨道能量71.The Pauli Exclusion Principle泡林不相容原理72.Electron Configurations电子构型73.The Periodic Table周期表74.Row行75.Group族76.Isotopes,Atomic Numbers,and Mass Numbers同位素，原子数，质量数77.Periodic Properties of the Elements元素的周期律78.Radius of Atoms原子半径79.Ionization Energy电离能80.Electronegativity电负性81.Effective Nuclear Charge有效核电荷82.Electron Affinities亲电性83.Metals金属84.Nonmetals非金属85.Valence Bond Theory价键理论86.Covalence Bond共价键87.Orbital Overlap轨道重叠88.Multiple Bonds重键89.Hybrid Orbital杂化轨道90.The VSEPR Model价层电子对互斥理论91.Molecular Geometries分子空间构型92.Molecular Orbital分子轨道93.Diatomic Molecules双原子分子94.Bond Length键长95.Bond Order键级96.Bond Angles键角97.Bond Enthalpies键能98.Bond Polarity键矩99.Dipole Moments偶极矩100.Polarity Molecules极性分子101.Polyatomic Molecules多原子分子102.Crystal Structure晶体结构103.Non-Crystal非晶体104.Close Packing of Spheres球密堆积105.Metallic Solids金属晶体106.Metallic Bond金属键107.Alloys合金108.Ionic Solids离子晶体109.Ion-Dipole Forces离子偶极力110.Molecular Forces分子间力111.Intermolecular Forces分子间作用力112.Hydrogen Bonding氢键113.Covalent-Network Solids原子晶体114.Compounds化合物115.The Nomenclature,Composition and Structure of Complexes配合物的命名，组成和结构116.Charges,Coordination Numbers,and Geometries电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117.Chelates螯合物118.Isomerism异构现象119.Structural isomerism结构异构120.Stereo isomerism立体异构121.Magnetism磁性122.Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123.Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124.General Characteristics共性125.s-Block Elementss区元素126.Alkali Metals碱金属127.Alkaline Earth Metals碱土金属128.Hydrides氢化物129.Oxides氧化物130.Peroxides and Superoxides过氧化物和超氧化物131.Hydroxides氢氧化物132.Salts盐133.p-Block Elements p区元素134.Boron Group ：Boron,Aluminum,Gallium,Indium,Thallium硼族：硼，铝，镓，铟，铊135.Borane硼烷136.Carbon Group ：Carbon,Silicon,Germanium,Tin,Lead碳族：碳，硅，锗，锡，铅137.Graphite,Carbon Monoxide,Carbon Dioxide石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138.Carbonic Acid,Carbonates and Carbides碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139.Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon硅的存在和制备140.Silicic Acid，Silicates硅酸，硅酸盐141.Nitrogen Group Phosphorus,Arsenic,Antimony,and Bismuth氮族磷，砷，锑，铋142.Ammonia,Nitric Acid,Phosphoric Acid氨，硝酸，磷酸143.Phosphorates,phosphorus Halides磷酸盐，卤化磷144.Oxygen Group Oxygen,Sulfur,Selenium,and Tellurium氧族元素氧，硫，硒，碲145.Ozone,Hydrogen Peroxide臭氧，过氧化氢146.Sulfides硫化物147.Halogens Fluorine,Chlorine,Bromine,Iodine卤素氟，氯，溴，碘148.Halides,Chloride卤化物，氯化物149.The Noble Gases稀有气体150.Noble-Gas Compounds稀有气体化合物151.d-Block elements d区元素152.Transition Metals过渡金属153.Potassium Dichromate重铬酸钾154.Potassium Permanganate高锰酸钾155.Iron Copper Zinc Mercury铁，铜，锌，汞156.f-Block Elements f区元素157.Lanthanides镧系元素158.Radioactivity放射性159.Nuclear Chemistry核化学160.Nuclear Fission核裂变161.Nuclear Fusion核聚变162.analytical chemistry分析化学163.qualitative analysis定性分析164.quantitative analysis定量分析165.chemical analysis化学分析166.instrumental analysis仪器分析167.titration analysis滴定分析168.gravimetric analysis重量分析法169.regent试剂170.chromatographic analysis色谱分析171.product产物172.electrochemical analysis电化学分析173.on-line analysis在线分析174.macro-analysis常量分析175.characteristic表征176.microanalysis微量分析177.deformation analysis形态分析178.semi-micro analysis半微量分析179.systematical error系统误差180.routine analysis常规分析181.random error偶然误差182.arbitration analysis仲裁分析183.gross error过失误差184.normal distribution正态分布185.accuracy准确度186.deviation偏差187.precision精密度188.relative standard deviation相对标准偏差RSD189.coefficient variation变异系数CV190.confidence level置信水平191.confidence interval置信区间192.significant test显著性检验193.significant figure有效数字194.standard solution标准溶液195.titration滴定196.stoichiometric point化学计量点197.endpoint滴定终点198.titration error滴定误差199.primary standard基准物质200.amount of substance物质的量201.standardization标定202.chemical reaction化学反应203.concentration浓度204.chemical equilibrium化学平衡205.titer滴定度206.general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207.proton theory of acid-base酸碱质子理论208.acid-base titration酸碱滴定法209.dissociation constant解离常数210.conjugate acid-base pair共轭酸碱对211.acetic acid乙酸212.hydronium ions水合氢离子213.electrolyte电解质214.ion-product constant of water水的离子积215.ionization电离216.proton condition质子平衡217.zero level零水准218.buffer solution缓冲溶液219.methyl orange甲基橙220.acid-base indicator酸碱指示剂221.phenolphthalein酚酞222.coordination compound配位化合物223.center ion中心离子224.cumulative stability constant累积稳定常数225.alpha coefficient酸效应系数226.overall stability constant总稳定常数227.ligand配位体228.ethylene-diamine tetra-acetic acid乙二胺四乙酸229.side reaction coefficient副反应系数230.coordination atom配位原子231.coordination number配位数232.lone pair electron孤对电子233.chelate compound螯合物234.metal indicator金属指示剂235.chelating agent螯合剂236.masking掩蔽237.de-masking解蔽238.electron电子239.catalysis催化240.oxidation氧化241.catalyst催化剂242.reduction还原243.catalytic reaction催化反应244.reaction rate反应速率245.electrode potential电极电势246.activation energy反应的活化能247.redox couple氧化还原电对248.potassium permanganate高锰酸钾249.iodimetry碘量法250.potassium dichromate重铬酸钾251.cerimetry铈量法252.redox indicator氧化还原指示253.oxygen consuming耗氧量OC254.chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量COD255.dissolved oxygen溶解氧DO256.precipitation沉淀反应257.argentimetry银量法258.heterogeneous equilibrium of ions多相离子平衡259.aging陈化260.post-precipitation继沉淀261.co-precipitation共沉淀262.ignition灼烧263.filtration过滤264.decantation倾泻法265.chemical factor化学因数266.spectrophotometry分光光度法267.colorimetry比色分析268.transmittance透光率269.absorptivity吸光率270.calibration curve校正曲线271.standard curve标准曲线272.monochromator单色器273.source光源274.wave length dispersion色散275.absorption cell吸收池276.detector检测系统277.bathochromic(red) shift红移278.Molar absorptivity摩尔吸光系数279.hypochromic(violet) shift紫移280.acetylene乙炔281.ethylene乙烯282.acetylating agent乙酰化剂283.acetic acid乙酸284.diethyl 乙醚285.ethyl alcohol乙醇286.aldehyde乙醛287.-di-carbonyl compound 二羰基化合物288.bimolecular elimination双分子消除反应289.bimolecular nucleophilic substitution双分子亲核取代反应290.openchain compound开链族化合物291.molecular orbital theory分子轨道理论292.chiral molecule手性分子293.tautomerism互变异构现象294.reaction mechanism反应历程295.chemical shift化学位移296.Walden inversion瓦尔登反转297.Enantiomorph对映体298.addition reaction加成反应299.dextro-右旋300.levo-左旋301.stereochemistry立体化学302.stereoisomer立体异构体303.Lucas agent卢卡斯试剂304.covalent bond共价键305.conjugateddiene共轭二烯烃306.conjugated double bond共轭双键307.conjugated system共轭体系308.conjugated effect共轭效应309.isomer同分异构体310.isomerism同分异构现象311.organic chemistry有机化学312.hybridization杂化313.hybrid orbital杂化轨道314.heterocyclic compound杂环化合物315.peroxide effect过氧化物效应t316.valence bond theory价键理论317.sequence rule次序规则318.electron-attracting group吸电子基319.Huckle rule休克尔规则320.Ginsberg test兴斯堡试验321.infrared spectrum红外光谱322.Michael reaction麦克尔反应323.halogenated hydrocarbon卤代烃324.halo-form reaction卤仿反应325.systematic nomenclator系统命名法e326.Newman projection纽曼投影式327.aromatic compound芳香族化合物328.aromatic ch