初中英语五种基本句型.doc

初中英语五种基本句型五种基本句型1、主语 + 系动词 + 表语2、主语 + 不及物动词3、主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语4、主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语5、主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语也可表示为：英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一： i （主谓）基本句型二： t （主谓宾）基本句型三： Link （主谓表）基本句型四： tInO DO （主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五： t （主谓宾宾补）主语 + 系动词 + 表语1. Jack is a good boy. 2. The park looks beautiful in spring.3. His leg got hurt just now.4. Please keep silent!5. Tom will become a doctor next year.常见的系动词 （一） be动词类： am、 is 、are 、was 、were （二） 表示变化类：become、 get 、 turn 、 grow 、go （三） 感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound) 鼻(smell) 舌(taste) 身(feel) （四） 表示延续性的动词 ：remain 、stay 、keep 主语 + 不及物动词(不及物动词后不能直接加宾语。)1. My grandma is sleeping now.2. I will stay in Shanghai for a week.3. Jack is leaving for New York.4. It rained hard last night.5. Lucy arrived in Beijing yesterday Note:虽然这个结构中动词后边不加宾语，但是往往带有状语 状语可由以下形式表示： l Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）l He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语 )l Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） l Wait a minute.（名词） 主语 + 及物动词(及物动词后面可直接加宾语) + 宾语1. My sister is writing a letter at this moment.2. Jack enjoys collecting stamps.3. Our teacher promised to see the movie with us.4. I dont know which school he is in.主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语(人) + 直接宾语(物)1. His father bought him (a computer).2. I sent a birthday gift (to her) yesterday.3. My mother taught me (how to do it).4. She asked Lucy (whose pen it was).常见的可以接双宾语的动词有 l tell(告诉某人),tellsb sth (tell sth to sb)l send(送给某人),sendsb sth (send sth to sb)l give(给某人), give sb sth (give sth to sb)l bring(带给某人), bringsb sth (bring sth to sb)l leave(留给某人), leave sb sth (leave sth to sb)l pass(递给某人),passsb sth (pass sth to sb)l read(给某人读),readsb sth (read sth to sb)l write(给某人写), write sb sth (write sth to sb)l take(给某人拿),takesb sth (take sth to sb)l show(给某人看),showsb sth (show sth to sb)l teach(教给某人), teach sb sth (teach sth to sb)l lend(借给某人),lendsb. sth (lend sth to sb)l return(还给某人) return sb sth (return sth to sb)l hand(递给某人) handsb sth (hand sth to sb)l throw(扔给某人) throw sb sth (throw sth to sb)l get(为某人弄到), getsb sth (get sth for sb) l pay(支付给某人), paysb sth (pay sth for sb) l buy(为某人买), buysb sth (buy sth for sb) l do(为某人做) do sb sth (do sth for sb)l sing(为某人唱) sing sb sth (sing sth for sb)l play(为某人演奏) play sb sth (play sth for sb)l cook(为某人煮) cook sb sth (cook sth for sb)l choose(为某人选择) choose sb sth (choose sth for sb)l make(为某人做) make sb sth (make sth for sb)l save(为某人留) save sb sth (save sth for sb)l fetch(为某人去取) fetch sb sth (fetch sth for sb)主语 +宾语 + 宾语补足语1. We must keep the classroom （clean.）2. They consider Jack （a brave boy）. 3. Let the fresh air （in）.4. Lucy will make herself （known）.5. I saw the little girl （dancing）. 接名词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有call, name, think, make, find, consider等。如： We call them mooncakes. They consider Jack a brave boy. We make him our monitor.II. 接形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有make, keep, think, find, consider等。如： At first I found Chinese hard. We must keep the classroom clean. III. 动词不定式作宾语补足语时通常分为下面三种情况： a）接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有tell, want, ask, wish, teach等。如： Tell him to come here the day after tomorrow. 告诉他后天到这里来。b）接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有hear, see, watch, let, make等。如： He made us laugh.c）接带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的是help。如： She often helps her mother（to） do some housework. IV. 接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有watch, see, hear, find, keep等。如： In the country, he can hear birds singing. I saw the little girl dancing. V. 接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词常见的有find, keep, consider,等。如： The boy found his pen on the floor. VI. 接副词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有keep, let, find, put, push等.如:Let the fresh air in.They couldnt find the way back.VII. 接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有want, see, hear, find, keep, get, leave等。如：Lucy will make herself known.I want the work finished soon.但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五为例：We find the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。We find the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。We find the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。We find the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made bya comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。不同的动词使用的句型不一样，相同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样, 因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例：Hes getting angry. (S V P)He got through the window. (S V)Youll get a surprise. (S V O)He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C)He got her a nice present. (S V O O) 句子中词性和词的位置也影响句子的意义:I found the book easily. 我很容易地找到了这本书。 （S V O）I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。 （S V O C）I have to do something. 我得做点事。 （S V O）I have something to do. 我有点事做。 （S V O）练习：一）判断这些句子的类型并理解be动词的用法（连系动词助动词）1.The boy is asleep (_式) 2.The boy is sleeping. (_式)3.The boy is playing the guitar. (_式) 4.He is playing happily. (_式)5.His music is very beautiful. (_式) 6.It is beautiful music. (_式)二）判断这些句子的类型1. She is a very good girl . (_式) (_语) (_词) (_语)2. The girl is very good. (_式) (_语) (_词) (_语)3. They laughed. (_式) (_语) (_词) 4. The kites fly in the sky. (_式) (_语) (_词)5. I bought a new