形容词、副词考点讲解和训练打印.doc

Name: Time: July 25th, 2014英语形容词、副词考点讲解和训练【考点直击】1. 形容词的用法；2. 副词的用法；3. 形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法；4. 形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。5. 区别：形容词表示某一事物或人的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。有be用形容词，有形容词用be,有动词用副词，有副词用动词。在句子形容词一般置于名词之前，be动词之后； 副词一般置于行为(实义)动词之后，【名师点睛】（一）. 形容词的用法(1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如： Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语，放在名词前） The fish is delicious . （作表语,放在系动词后）We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）(2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面，作后置定语，这种现象叫定语后置。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film.?Would you like something cold to drink？(3).表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。例如，How long is the river？ Its about two hundred metres long.(4) the形容词表示一类人或物 The rich should help the poor.(5) 貌似副词的形容词：lonely独自的；friendly友好的；lively生动的；lovely可爱的(6) 复合形容词：snow-white雪白的 English-speaking说英语的； full-time全日制的；well-known众所周知的；kind-hearted善良的；man-made人造的；take-away可以带走的；ten-year-old十岁的。(二). 形容词常用句型1.“Its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。例如，Its very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我，真好。Its very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话，真粗鲁。Its foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了。2.“Its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。例如，Its not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。Its very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.(=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.)对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。Its necessary for us to get to school on time.(=To get to school on time is necessary for us.)对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。3.表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad(高兴的)，pleased(高兴的)，sad(忧伤的)，thankful(感激的)等常接不定式。例如，Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。Im very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。(三). 副词的用法(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。He studies very hard. （作状语）Life here is full of joy. （作定语） When will you be back? （作表语） 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1)时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：He often comes to school late.What are we going to do tomorrow?He is never been to Beijing.2)地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：I met an old friend of mine on my way home.He went upstairs.Put down your name here.3)方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：badly, bravely, carefully, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, wide等。例如：The old man walked home slowly.Please listen to the teacher carefully.The birds are flying high.He runs very fast.4)程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, completely, nearly, almost, hardly,等。例如：Her pronunciation is very good.She sings quite well.I can hardly agree with you.5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：How are you getting along with your studies?Where were you yesterday?Why did you do that?(2)副词在句中的位置1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：Mr Smith works very hard.She speaks English well.2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：He usually gets up early.Ive never heard him singing.She is seldom ill.3)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：On my way home, I met my uncle.The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.(3)部分常用副词的用法1) very, much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：She is a very nice girlIm feeling much better now.Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：I dont like the idea much.They did not talk much.2) too, either这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：She can dance, and I can dance, too.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.(四)、形容词变为副词的方法 一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词。例如：quickquickly, slowslowly, loudloudly, suddensuddenly 等。但是，以下几点值得注意： 1. 一些以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，要把y改为i再加-ly。例如：happyhappily, angryangrily, luckyluckily, heavyheavily, noisynoisily 等。 2. 有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词，去掉e加-y。例如：possiblepossibly, terribleterribly等。 3. 少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly。例如：truetruly等。但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。例如：politepolitely, widewidely等。 4. 以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时仍然要在词尾加-ly，而不是只加-y。除非是以-ll结尾的才在词尾只加-y。例如：usualusually, carefulcarefully, usefulusefully, fullfully等。It rained _(heavy),so he didnt go to work yesterday .2.Look! How _(happy) Tom is laughing !【中考演练】一. 单项填空( )1The box is heavy for the girl carry. A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to( )2The ice in the lake is about one meter . Its strong enough to skate on. A. long B. high C. thick D. wide( )3. Jone looks so _ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test. A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily( )4. The smile on my fathers face showed that he was _ with me. A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry( )5. I have _ to do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something二. 用所给单词的适当形式填空1. He put on his coat and went out _ (quick).2. To our surprise, he suddenly returned on a cold _ (snow) night.3. Allie asked me _ (polite) to put the things away.4. Its snowing hard. You must drive _(careful).三. 用适当的形容词或副词填空(首字母已给出)1. Hawaii is f_ its beautiful beaches.2. I like ball games very much, but my f_ sport is playing basketball.3. The boy is too l_ . He doesnt want to do anything.4. The dictionary is very u_ . It will help you a lot.5. Jim cant reac