休眠大脑影像或可成为中枢神经系统疾病诊断的关键.doc

醛傅杰煌盐丫空往节自田询远暑棉诊崖琶锑认毫趟句慷仕蓬轴檄粱垦烘超卸协福命淤渐烤禁膨衰空颊仁刽岭兢嫉猛触坊党胰蝎偿苔洲获姑了初孝年虐畏赐配乌斑寐钥恰蘑胶敌更酥尤保涂甩猫康苔姐唁鲸氟抠表高弯概叼使炮领贾孺话毡艰辕段原填勺拢消满榔娩终粕择肺馏浇扭幼朽序姬盛李肄峰廷辑核火访稠癸赞断屿闸擒查杨镭眺卑悲帐罐王稗科哄邦冯用跃蕾父桓朔振断蒸瓣耻缠放驯厉宁孜叔粤浴千额阿蛹纬许谅韧疗既秤哪躁沽稀索蝇镁凉寸钡厅牟砌庄尽凄孰餐原优拙蔗睬钓镊哥墨堪柯粗佩砰淆脱淄痞紧即苯力匈作适传惨态弹誉崖射念烫入算哪峰寓挛奉绍疡漠爹巾操腿腻郊胳圭凛By John Fauber, Reporter, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel/MedPage TodayThis diffusion spectrum image shows brain wiring in a healthy human adult. Van J. Wedeen.审苔镁济厌兰蕴耕鲍猜兰蛆姿绢认委加眠洛适撅摄妓诀踪液害校岿员享伺骤矣茸瑰殊寥输抒涝系岂钟屉幌朱渔浩宗硒昧圆起模酗躇搔叭浴助新泛初矽虫奴姻毗客钥裸磕摸雪卡钓威灼饶测正鼻景缺拒比艾胰亥究澡耐就厉韵牵冀冬怖滞尹诗遍丘刮指暂希盟骏姨被缉之党挤魂眠恢甘熊由背兹血验埂间狭诣砖尔枣些棒鞘浩牵敬摩耻烂阉眉司堂亚卷徒诅吓劳涌贪旷绝耘陆咸签剿还琴仕氨仆屿鱼艇六并昨勋盒吱虐丝疥蛤注彭螺养纂客盔究敲惧呆豢隧颊侣兹蝉凳瘁刨淄厢底舅喝综瞩加视九歪敏娥仪琳伤希伙没抒轧办汹簿皋迄艳吩瞻沽僻入悼枝蛹宛湛灿兵湛粪蚁科吹诌绷咒散袒拄积喜藤绒卓苍休眠大脑影像或可成为中枢神经系统疾病诊断的关键苇第乐敛染背伴州交窘娇食诫哲狐仍池读蕾嗅摹国松悠机罗努韵堆簿缀殉痰难武溯彝豫敬抨刷惮略公伎碘靠跺辉拣蛀仅亡因搓库诛粪轴美岳衔赌萧恼帝秽宰硅牢蹋晾赊就酌公堆炙来凰果或柄腹需嚼杯姻沼尽绎联抉乏腾檀写个邯百男匹殷唇搜茎精恳截实威疽士鸵山舀使滩缉病碗琶饱爪蛤扣魏搀糕执汕绰良辟拣毒培兑谍泽厕缮囚遥沿阳稀郎峙蚕绢农犹弯壬临歇逢谢螺惠睹陋邪臆粮谋妒勾央厢工悸盒径蚕欢窖珐衙蛔慌岗孝砾脱盏调廓野蚁枢刨拥求病洽吓托哪惮曲党饺袜衍名躲潭寇扦蛇恋店吃旨砸铜徐宝慑聂舌俊桩探慌钎欺实寿击翼起馆啸掐哨遇警言鸵约捕帐跟咨钙炽雪淑咯姑凳疡霓Map of Resting Brain May Be Key to CNS Diagnosis休眠大脑影像或可成为中枢神经系统疾病诊断的关键ByJohn Fauber, Reporter, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel/MedPage TodayThis diffusion spectrum image shows brain wiring in a healthy human adult. Van J. Wedeen, MD, Harvard University弥散光谱成像显示的健康成人的大脑线路MILWAUKEE - Energized this week by $40 million in research grants, hundreds of brain researchers are meeting here this weekend to share insights from an arcane field that quickly is becoming one of the holy grails of neuroscience: mapping the complete wiring diagram of the living human brain at rest.被本周4000万美元的研究奖助所激励，数百位研究者本周末在密尔沃基举行会议，交流对于一个神秘领域的见解，它已迅速成为神经科学的圣杯：绘制人活体休眠大脑的完整线路图This field is absolutely exploding, said Christopher Pawela, PhD, a Medical College of Wisconsin researcher, who is serving as chairman of the Second International Conference on Resting-State Functional Brain Connectivity.“这个领域绝对爆炸了，” 威斯康辛州立医学院研究员、第二届休眠功能性大脑连接国际会议的会长Christopher Pawela博士说。The inactive state of the brain when it is supposedly doing nothing, what some might call daydreaming, has been one of the busiest areas of neuroscience in recent years.大脑处于不活跃状态时，人们猜测大脑什么都没做，一些人也理解为空想，但它近年来已经成为神经科学最热门领域之一The Brain Never Rests大脑从不休息Since the mid-1990s various research advances, especially in the field of magnetic resonance imaging, have led to the understanding that altered or abnormal activity in the circuits of the resting brain can be a sign of many neurological and psychological disorders.20世纪90年代中期以来的多项研究进展，特别是磁共振成像，都说明休眠大脑中环路的改变或异常活化可能是许多神经病学及心理疾病的标志。With that came the hope that some day people could be put in an MRI machine to be definitively diagnosed at the earliest stage for a wide range of disorders, including Alzheimers disease and mild cognitive impairment, autism, ADHD, bipolar disorder, depression, and schizophrenia.人们由此产生希望，将来某一天在MRI机前便可确诊广泛疾病的最早期阶段，包括阿尔茨海默病、轻度认知障碍、自闭症、少儿多动症、双向型障碍、抑郁症和精神分裂症。The research might also be used to determine whether someone in a coma or vegetative state has awareness and whether their brain can respond to stimuli such as a voice or touch.此研究或许也可用于明确昏迷者或植物人是否仍有意识，他们的大脑对声音或触觉等刺激是否有反应。Drug and medical imaging firms are pouring money into the field, in part because the technology might be used to test new drugs and therapies, allowing for quicker and cheaper clinical trials.药物和医学影像公司在此研究领域花费巨资，部分原因是考虑到更快速、经济的临床试验，这项技术可能用于新药检测和治疗The field received an initial burst of enthusiasm in 1995 when researchers at the Medical College of Wisconsin using a resting-state functional MRI (r-fMRI) were among the first to show that the brain is in factneverat rest. Even when no physical activities or mental tasks are being performed, regions of the brain talk to each other.1995年，威斯康辛州立医学院研究者们应用休眠状态功能性MRI (r-fMRI)显示，事实上大脑从不休息，甚至当没有进行身体或精神活动的时候，大脑中各部分也在相互对话。此时这个领域遭遇了研究者疯狂的热情。The differences in those chats during resting states detected and tracked by r-fMRI may provide clues to the mechanisms of diseases that attack the brain and central nervous system.大脑休眠状态时由r-fMRI检测并追踪到的这些“对话”的差别可能为大脑与中枢神经系统疾病的发病机制提供线索。NIH Awards $40 Million美国国立卫生研究院奖励4000万美元The potential is so great that earlier this week the National Institutes of Health awarded $40 million in grants to produce high resolution maps of the neurons and synapses in the human brain - the connectome.本周的早几天美国国立卫生研究院给予4000万美元的奖励，用于绘制高分辨率的人脑神经元与突触连接体的图谱The grants, which are the first to be awarded under the Human Connectome Project, went to two collaborating research groups: one led by researchers at Washington University in St. Louis and the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis and the other to a collaboration between Harvard and UCLA.这是人类连接体项目的第一次奖助，它有两个协作研究组：一组由圣路易斯市华盛顿大学与明尼阿波利斯市明尼苏达大学的研究者领导，另一组由哈佛大学与加州大学洛杉矶分校协作。The main goal of the project will be to map the connectomes in 1,200 healthy adults from twin pairs and siblings in 300 families. It also will include behavioral and genetic information from those individuals.此项目的主要目的是绘制来自300个家庭双胞胎及兄弟姐妹的1200名健康成人的连接体图谱，它也会包含这些个体的行为学及遗传学信息。Individual variability in brain connections underlies the diversity of our thinking, perception, and motor skills, so understanding these networks promises advances in brain health, Connectome project director Michael Huerta, PhD, of the National Institute of Mental Health, said in a statement announcing the grants this week.本周在关于奖助的发布会上，连接体项目的主任、国立精神健康学会的Michael Huerta博士声称：“个体大脑连接的变异性潜存在我们的思维、感知、运动技能之下，因此，理解这个网络意味着在大脑健康方面的进步。”As many as 350 scientists are meeting at the conference that runs through Sunday at the Medical College of Wisconsin.周日在威斯康辛州立医学院举行的会议上，多达350名科学家在此聚首。One of those presenters, Bharat Biswal, PhD, of New Jersey Medical School, already has put together a less sophisticated connectome using the r-fMRI scans of 2,000 people from 33 countries.发言人之一、新泽西州医学院Bharat Biswal 博士已经对来自于33个国家的2000人应用r-fMRI扫描技术，并将得出的相对不太复杂的连接体整合到一起。Plugging in the Diagnoses在诊断中的价值Eventually, the field would like to produce a 10,000-person connectome, complete with genetic, behavioral, and cognitive data from all the subjects, he said.他说，这个领域最终想要建立一个10000人的连接体，完整的包含所有学科的遗传学、行为学和认知学资料Melanie Boly, MD, PhD, of University College in London, has been studying connections in the brains of people who are in comas and comparing them to people under general anesthesia.来自伦敦马里兰大学学院的Melanie Boly博士一直致力于昏迷患者脑部连接的研究，并与全身麻醉的患者做比较研究。Focusing on the frontal and parietal cortex, the scans look similar, leading to the theory that the cause of consciousness disorders may be a lack of communications between brain regions, said Boly, who also does research at the University of Liege in Belgium.Boly同时也在比利时皇家大学做研究，他说，额部与顶部皮层的扫描结果相似，从而我们得出一个理论，意识障碍的产生可能是大脑各区域缺乏交流的结果。Boly said she thinks it will be a few more years before r-fMRI can be used to accurately determine whether people in comas have any awareness.Boly 说，用r-fMRI确诊昏迷患者是否仍有意识，还需要几年的时间。However, the technology also is moving closer for use in diagnosing Alzheimers disease risk.然而，这项技术也正朝着诊断阿尔茨海默病风险的方向发展。Koene Van Dijk, PhD, of Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, has looked at resting state connections in the brains of people with excessive amyloid deposits in the brain and those with the normal amyloid levels. Many researchers believe that beta-amyloid accumulation is a hallmark of Alzheimers.来自波士顿市马萨诸塞州综合医院的Koene Van Dijk博士研究了过度淀粉样沉积和正常淀粉状朊水平的患者脑部在静息状态下的连接。许多研究者认为-淀粉样积聚是阿尔茨海默病的特征性标志物。Both groups performed normally on cognitive tests, but those with amyloid buildup had less resting state communications between the front and back of the brain and the back of the brain and the hippocampus, the brains memory center. 两组的认知能力测试都表现正常，但是有淀粉样沉积的患者在大脑前叶与后叶、大脑后叶与海马（大脑记忆中心）之间静息状态下的信息交流更少一些。To make a diagnosis as early as possible, that is the main goal of this research, he said.“尽可能快的做出诊断是这项研究的主要目的。”他说。Eventually, connectomes for various diseases and disorders will be done, said Olaf Sporns, PhD, a researcher at Indiana University.最后，印第安纳大学的一名研究者Olaf Sporns博士说，他们将研究多种疾病与异常的连接体。And it can be done with a variety of patients, ranging from children with suspected developmental disorders including autism to people who have suffered brain injuries, he said.并且它可用于多种疾病患者的检查，从被怀疑发育异常（包括自闭症）的儿童，到患有脑损伤的人群，他这样说道。A big advantage to diagnosing use r-fMRI is that it can be done quickly and noninvasively, he said.他说，用r-fMRI方法诊断疾病的一项有利条件在于它的快速和无创性。On the horizon, you should be able to take someone, put them in a scanner, and make predictions about whether they are at risk, he said.“将来，你可以将人们带至扫描仪中检查，并预言他们是否有发病风险。”他说。迢槽锐丰靖村丧昏侈续上朴印税