[研究生入学考试]物流英语资料.doc

Unit 1General Introduction to LogisticsI. Pre-text Learning课前预习1. Modern logistics is one of the most challenging and exciting jobs in the world. (People engaged in logistics usually get a higher income.) 现代物流是世界上最富挑战性和最激动人心的工作。2. Every company that sells products will need the service of logistics.每个出售商品的公司都需要物流。3. Logistics is part of a supply chain. 物流是供应链的一部分。4. A bonded warehouse is a warehouse in which goods are stored without excise or customs duties being paid until and unless they are removed from the warehouse to enter the country. 报税仓库是指存放未交消费税或在移出仓库入境前未交海关关税商品的仓库。5. Transport is done by railroads, trucks, ships, planes and pipes.运输渠道包括铁路、卡车、船只、飞机和管道。6. Our work is mainly to move goods and transmit/receive information at the lowest possible cost. (at the cost of sth.)我们的工作主要是以尽可能低的成本移送货物并收发（传输/接收）信息。7. Information is a key to the process of logistics. (key to success)信息是物流过程的关键。8. Warehousing is not a new term, but it has gained new functions in modern logistics.仓储不是一个新名词，但它在现代物流中却获得了新的功能。9. Inventory control can effectively reduce logistics cost.库存限制能有效地降低物流成本。10. Packaging and sorting are two factors that are included in logistics.包装和分拣是物流的两个要素。II. Key points 背诵要点1. Modern logistics is a strategic measure considering the whole circumstances of production, transportation, and distribution market, which plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet the customers requirements.物流是供应链的一部分，计划、执行和控制产品、服务及相关信息从原产地到消费地的及时有效流动和存储以满足顾客要求。2. Logistics mainly include the following eight parts: packaging, warehousing, material handling, inventory, transport, forecasting, strategic planning and customer service.物流主要包括下列八部分：包装、仓储、材料搬运、存货，运输、预测、战略规划和客户服务。III. Logistics terms物流术语（重点术语参照参考书上物流名词；划线者为重点）1. logistics物流2. packaging包装3. warehousing仓储4. material handling材料搬运5. inventory存货，库存6. forecasting预测7. strategic planning战略规划8. customer service客户服务9. procurement获得，获取10. inbound往内的，上游的11. outbound往外的，下游的12. coordination协调13. availability可获得性，实用性14. ultimate最终的，最后的15. patronage赞助，光顾16. brand品牌17. offer提供，报盘18. accessibility易接近性，可得性19. performance业绩，性能，表现20. component零件，组成部分21. distinguish区分22. rate比率23. competition竞争24. carrier运货船，承运人25. freight forwarder货运代理人26. broker经纪人27. obsolescence损耗，废弃28. storage存储，库存29. storage cost存储成本30. frequency频率31. facilitate促进，方便32. verification查证，核实33. identification识别，身份34. checkpoint检查站，核查点35. potentially潜在地36. franchise特权，特许经营，特许专卖权37. trash disposal垃圾处理38. repellent排斥的39. efficiency效率40. elevation提升，提高41. authority权威42. considerably相当地43. capacity容量44. margin边缘，差额，利润，定金45. ore矿石46. vertically垂直地47. integrated综合的48. dealer经销商49. outsource外购，业务外包50. proactive主动的51. innovation创新52. maritime海运的，海事的53. letter of credit（L/C）信用证54. consolidation巩固，合并55. federate同盟的，联合的56. 采购purchase/procurement57. 原材料raw material58. 成本结构cost structure59. 谈判技巧negotiating skill60. 零部件component parts61. 采购过程purchasing process62. 质量管理quality control/management63. 原产地point of origin64. 托盘，货盘pallet65. 拖车trailer66. 脱销，缺货stockout/out of stock67. 零售retail68. 起重机crane69. 供应链supply chain70. 叉车forklift truck71. 生产线production line72. 日用品commodity73. 利益，好处benefit74. 标准的standard75. 惯例的，传统的conventional76. 节约的，经济的economical77. 收货人consignee78. 所有权，物主身份ownership79. 散装货bulk cargo80. 出价offer81. 路线，路程route82. 目的地destination83. 卸货unload84. 全球化globalization85. 趋势，倾向trend86. 维修费用maintenance cost87. 轻工业light industry88. 集装箱化（运输）containerization89. 基础设施infrastructure90. 港口，终点站terminal91. 弥补，抵消offset92. 缓冲，减轻buffer93. 效用，有用utility94. 交易transaction95. 优先权priority96. 设备facility97. 流通，货币currency98. 竞争优势competitive advantage99. 排除eliminate，rule out100. 分配，分销，分发distributionIV. Useful phrases有用的短语1. the world over 全世界2. come into being产生3. with the advent of在开始的时候4. anything but决不 5. when it comes to + n. /doing说到的时6. profession职业，专业；professional专业的；专业人士7. invisible as it is as:虽然看不见8. be related to与有关9. be of importance to 对重要 (=be important to)10. by no means无论如何都不11. be limited to局限于12. as well as以及13. protect sb. against sth. 保护不受=抵御14. prevent sb. from sth.防止受 =阻碍/防止做 15. conduce to有助于(=contribute to)16. complement补充；implement执行；compliment赞美，恭维17. depend on/upon依赖18. such as例如19. in stock储存20. a list of一连串；的清单21. not yet还没有22. from one place to another从一个地方到另一个地方23. take place发生24. be based on基于；以为基础25. focus on对准焦点26. undertake承担，答应27. interact with 和交往28. set up建立29. fail to do sth.不能30. does reflect的确反映 do/does/did + do 的确做 V. Text Explanation1. unique独一无二的；globe=global2. adv. all over the world = the world over =throughout the world =around the world =globally cf. n. all the world =the whole world All the world are watching us. =People all over the world are watching us. 周游世界：travel around the world3. with the advent of (=at the beginning of)在开始的时候 With the advent of the history, man knew little about nature.4. come into being 产生 Exchange came into being at the earliest time. Cf. come into effect生效；come into existence产生5. coming = when logistics came 分词做状语，逻辑主语和主句一致 Entering (=When he entered) the room, he turned on the light.6. anything but决不是 (but: 除之外; I want nothing but a cup of tea.) He is anything but a good husband. Cf. Your answer is far from being right. All but one _ (agree) with him. Keep out. Keep off grass. Im above doing that.7. a newborn baby 新生儿8. when it comes to (doing) sth. 说到的时候 When it comes to learning, she is anything but lazy./When it came to _ (type), she is a green hand. (typing)9. professional, Attentive, so professional.10. consider sb. (to be) sth. 认为是 I dont consider him a good man.11. adj./n. +as + 主语 + 动词: 虽然但是= Although + 主语+动词 Child as he is, he knows a lot. /Young as Mary is, she speaks several languages./Poor as I am, you must think it over. /Try as I might, I may fail the exam.12. be related to 与有关 My life is no related to you./Is your income/salary related to your effort(/hard work)?13. be + of + n. to sb. 对有 be of great/much(很) importance to sb. = be very important to sb. 对很重要 Your help is of great importance to me./You are of great importance to me. /English is of much interest to me. /Logistics is of great value. Thank you very much. =Great thanks to you.14. by no means（方法，手段）：绝不 She will by no means marry that Joness boy. /Examinations are not an end, but a means to the end. 考试不是目的，而是达到目的的手段。He tries every means to help me. /I nearly live beyond means.15. be limited to sth. 限制于 company limited =Co., Ltd. My knowledge is not limited to logistics.16. as well as 以及；并且; I like you as well as her. 并列结构要平行：to make as well as to protectand prevent cf. He enjoys swimming as well as running. 17. protect (sth.) against sth. 抵御；Warm clothes help protect against cold.棉衣有助御寒。Do you have protection against temptation?18. prevent (sb.) from sth. 防止;阻碍 The heavy rain prevented me from coming to class in time./Keep out.别进来。Nothings gonna stop me from missing you. Impossible is nothing.19. in stock 储存时 Is it available in stock?20. conduce to (doing) sth. 有助于；促成； Wealth does (Money and beauty do) not always conduce to happiness. Heart to heart chats conduce to the establishment of harmonious atmosphere among fellow workers.(look forward to hearing from you, take to dancing, object to shouting, when it comes to learning, conduce to keeping fit, be related to, be limited to, refer to, pay attention to)21. complement 补充 cf. implement 执行; compliment, 恭维，赞美22. inbound and outbound 运入的和运出的；上游的和下游的upstream and downstream23. depend on 依靠；取决于； Whether you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work. / It depends.24. 并列结构要平行：for, for, for; and for the government of the people, for the people and by the people25. directly直接 indirectly 间接26. hand carts, slings, accessories 手推车；吊索；附件27. such as 例如28. cranes仙鹤；起重机；forklift trucks叉车；铲车；lifting fixtures起重装置29. a detailed list of sth. 详细清单 e.g. make a detailed shopping list30. goods商品, commodities零售商品, merchandise商品（总称）31. not yet 还没有(常和完成时搭配) I havent had lunch yet. We havent taken the exam yet.32. from one place to another People move from one place to another to find good jobs.33. take place 发生=happen Great changes have taken place in the global views of China since Wenchuan Earthquake./Great changes have taken place in China since the reform and opening to the outside world.34. in the future 将来 cf. in future近期的将来35. be based on 依据；根据 My judgments are all based on facts.36. focus（sth.）on （把）集中在 Eyes have focused on China since then. He focuses his eyes on beauties.37. set the direction of sth. 设定的方向38. undertake 承诺；做39. interact with sb. 和交往/打交道 You are sure to learn to communicate and interact with others.40. refer to 指 What do you refer to by that?你这是指什么？/What do you mean by that?你这是什么意思？41. set up 建立 We set up a large company last month.42. point of origin 原产地43. point of consumption 消费地44. to meet customers requirements以满足顾客需求 The purpose of socialist production is to meet the ever-increasing spiritual and material needs of the people. We work to meet customers requirements.45. fail to do sth. 没有做; 未能做If you fail to understand her, why propose to her?46. reflect反映47. procure获得；采购Dialogue1. talk with sb.和谈话；talk to sb.给谈话（训话）2. logistical manager物流经理3. receive attention from sb. 受到的注意4. recognized fact 公认的事实 It is a recognized fact that =It is well-known that 5. for increasing benefits(介词后面一般用名词或者动名词)6. to improveto lower为了降低以便改进（不定式表示目的）7. There is not much to do (to do sth.) 没有多少可作8. developing country 发展中国家； developed country 发达国家 v.-ed(完成)；v.-ing(进行) Id like to have a cup of boiling/boiled water. running/run waters洪水；a retired/retiring worker; a dying man; dead man/death9. GNP =Gross National Product 国民生产总值；GDP =Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值10. in the past/last few years 在过去的几年里(常和完成时连用)；I have made great progress in the past few years.11. amazing = surprising =alarming令人吃惊的12. do a good job (in sth.) 在干得不错；13. mean v. 意味着；meaning n. 意思；meaningful adj. 有意义的；cf. means n. (single or pl.) 方式/方法/手段 by no means; try every means to do sth. 想尽办法；Exam is not an end, but a means to the end.14. on logistics 论物流 On Practice 实践论 cf. about关于, of提及, I know of him, but I dont know him; I know her, but I dont know about her. /Never study English. =Learn English, not about English. 15. eitheror不管是还是；要么要么; cf. neithernor16. expert 专家; specialist专门家17. quite a few许多18. no wonder 难怪19. be termed as 被称为20. remember doing sth. 记得做过 cf. remember to do sth. 记着要做 I forgot _ (turn) off the light when I left. (to turn)21. be confident that be confident about sth.对很有信心22. since the reform and opening up = since the reform and opening up to the world改革开放以来23. illustrate 图示；用图片说明；cf. demonstrate 说明；用文字说明； illustrated books; illustration series24. CNY =Chinese yuan, = RMB,25. bn = billion 十亿；million 百万；thousand 1,234,567,890 CNY 987,654,32126. amount to 达到;等于 That amounts to stealing.这就跟偷窃一样。27. or so 大约；左右 800 yuan or so=about 800 yuan; 28. if only要是就好了（用虚拟）29. could have added 本来可以增加30. there is room(【U】空间) for sth. Move in. Give me some room. Could you make some more room for me?Ex. I.1. 物流是独特的全球“输送管道”，一天24小时、一周7天、一年52周不间断地运营，计划和协调全球产品和服务的运输和交付。(that operates)2. 然而，说到物流，大部分业内人士都认为物流虽然看不见，但却是最有挑战性也最激动人心的工作之一。(when it comes to, invisible as it is)3. 物流是供应链过程的一部分，计划、执行并控制商品、服务和相关信息从原产地到消费地的及时有效的流动和储存，以此来满足客户的需要。(plan, implement and control; related; point of origin; point of consumption; to meet requirements)4. 在工业化国家，物流是工业生产中增加利润的最后一关，因为依靠改进生产、降低成本的空间越来越小，而这一点已经成为人们的共识。(for increasing; since因为; there is not much to do没有多少可做；to improve 为了改进; to lower the cost为了降低费用；it is a recognized fact that已经成为共识)5. 听众坚信，如果他们能够在物流上取得进展，他们就能促进经济发展。（be confident that坚信；herald引领，引导；make headway取得进展）Ex. II.1. Pipeline（be compared to被比作）2. No, because it came into being with the advent of civilization.3. Materials, service and related information.4. Material handling.5. In KFC, qualified chickens are procured and delivered to the point of consumption every minute of the day.6. Packaging ,7. It is of vital importance.Ex. III.1. D2. F3. I Purchase/Purchasing Dept. 采购部4. G5. B6. A7. H8. J9. E10. CEx. IV.1. newness新颖性2. combination 结合 into把结合起来，变成integrated strategic initiative 综合战略措施3. executive 执行官 CEO Chief Executive Officer首席执行官；serve as充当；cross-functional orchestra conductor多功能的管弦乐队指挥4. both （bothand既又）5. coordinateinto协调,使之变成 individual job expertise具体的专业技术；integrated competency综合能力6. focused on专门7. scope范围；in most situations大部分情况下；rise above高于，超出8. suppliers供应商；reach out延伸出; as well as以及9. leads领导；in a strategic sense从战略意义上说；boundary-spanning initiative跨界的活动；facilitate推动，方便10. in making塑造；combined results结合的结果11. external外部的12. of的；core competency核心竞争力Ex. V.1. B logistics物流 hot career热门行业; logical逻辑的；logic逻辑；logistic物流，物流的2. C inventory存货 invention发明；inventive创造性的；inventiveness创造性3. A route路线；rout骚乱；road道路；way路4. C strategic战略的； strategy战略；logistics物流；logical逻辑的 （on the basis of 根据）5. C process过程；in the process of在过程中 refer to参考；指；（ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning）6. D purchase采购；（have to do sth.） TEU=twenty foot equivalent unit7. D annual=yearly每年的; monthly每月的；quarterly每个季度的； (expenditure开支；perform logistics做物流)8. C storage储存；stocking长筒袜；store杂货店（store v.储存）； roll steel 轧钢, for/on ones account由支付；place an order ofwith sb.向下订单；at a time一次9. B warehouse仓库；house房子，别墅；factory工厂；storage储存 be determined by 由决定10. D location位置；place地方；site场所；position地位；respond to 对做出反应Ex. VI.1. 正是通过物流过程物资才流入了工业化国家的制造机器中，而产品也通过市场渠道配送给消费者了。(It isthat强调句：正是才；distributeto把配送给) 2. 物流是复杂的。仅在中国, 市场上就有两千多万个零售网点和两百多万个批发网络。（complex复杂的；involve涉及，包含；retailing networks零售网点；wholesale networks批发网络）3. 有位专家认为,物流就像一座冰山, 看得见的只是最顶端的一部分, 看不见的部分则巨大得多。（hold the view that认为；unseen看不见的）4. 物流的整体目标就是以最低的成本达到预期的顾客服务水平。（overall goal整体目标；at the lowest possible cost以尽可能低的成本）5. 在早期, 有库存能力的公司就能满足顾客需求。（in the beginning在开始时；afford承受得起，付得起；satisfy满足=meet）6. 配送渠道或市场渠道也许是人们了解得最少的商业领域。（distribution channel配送渠道；the least understood了解的最少的=最不了解的）7. 许多公司通过在遍及国内和全球的供应链上创造价值而获得成功。（quite a number of +C; achieve达到；by doing sth.通过做）Ex. VII.1. Logistics has huge impact on domestic and global economy.(have impact on对有影响)2. The International Red Cross operates like a mobile warehouse.（operate运行）3. In the Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, more than 25 million US dollars was spent on logistics.（spend money on sth.把钱花在上）4. The basic concepts of logistical management are applicable throughout private and public enterprise activities.（applicable适用的；throughout遍及）5. Logistics has become a profession that values strategic thinking, analytical skills, and the use of technology-based tools. (value注重)6. The appearance of foreign companies will contribute to /conduce to /help the development of logistics in China.（appearance出现；contribute to对有贡献；conduce to有利于；help）7. Logistics plays an important role in promoting economic development.(play a role in在中起作用；in promoting)8. Id like to carry out a detailed analysis of a problem. (would like to想；like to do sth. 喜欢做；carry out执行，进行)9. Nowadays, people in logistics business have an income higher than the average高于平均水平.10. To ensure the timeliness of logistics, it is important to keep a certain level of inventory.（to ensure为了保证）Ex. VIII. BC：before Christ公元前；AD：anno domini公元Pyramid金字塔For example例如；Three Kingdoms三国Accomplish完成；Construction建设Weigh称It is widely known that人们普遍认为Date back to =go back to追溯到Ancient times古代Far earlier早得多E,B,F,A,D,CEx. IXPatronize赞助，支持Consume消费Chicken farm养鸡场Blue light蓝光Chicken processing mill宰鸡厂Dress加调味品Send out发出Quantity数量Reasonable route合理的路线Go beyond超越Chicken feed鸡饲料Ingredient成分Fishmeal鱼粉Soya bean flake豆饼Activities活动From the point of view of从角度来看Involve包括部分单词的词缀coordinate 协调, coordination协调, coordinative并列的,协调性的, coordinator协调人require需要, requirement需要, requirable可要求的/required所要求的, requirer需要者manage管理, management管理, manageable易管理的, manager经理serve服务, service服务, servable易服务的, server服务器,服务人qualify使合格, quality质量/qualification资格, qualifying修饰性的/qualified合格的, qualifier合格者,限定词compete竞争, competition 竞争competitive有竞争力的,竞争激烈的, competitor竞争对手Exercise Book口语（参见参考书和常用口语1000句）物流术语（见前面物流术语）语法：1. adj. + n. + v. + adv. She speaks English very well. /She speaks very good English. /Thank you very much. /Grea