复合结构“With+宾语+补语”.docVIP

复合结构“With+宾语+补语”陈觉法高中英语辅导网（）“With+宾语+补语”是英语里最常用的一种复合结构，用来表伴随状态、原因和结果等。一般说来，所有独立主格结构前都可以加上with，构成with结构。它也是高考英语中的一个常考点，尤其是“With+宾语+非谓语动词”的形式经常作为非谓语动词类试题出现在各种形式的英语试题中。With复合结构中的补语有多种形式，包括名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式以及分词，它们的选择和使用，决定于与它们所修饰的with的宾语以及与它们的逻辑主语之间的逻辑关系。1、with+宾语+v.-ingv.-ing作补语时有主动语态和进行时态的特点，说明它与这个宾语是主谓关系，即前面的宾语是这个动作的动作执行者；此外，当作宾补的动词是不及物动词时，通常只能用现在分词的形式。例如（2006西城抽样4月）：With two children _ middle school in the nearby town now, the parents are working hard.A. to attend B. attending C. attended D. having attended 分析 根据题干的意思，“孩子上学”应该是主谓关系，同时空格后面有宾语，可见这里需要一个含主动意义的现在分词，所以答案是B。又如（2005北京卷）：I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 分析 作补语的是一个不及物动词，所以不能用过去分词形式，同时“我不能做作业”是因为噪音一直在进行，所以答案是A。2、with+宾语+v.-edv.-ed作补语时具有被动语态和完成时态的特点，说明它与这个宾语是动宾关系，即前面的宾语是这个动作的行为对象。一般说来，作补语的过去分词的动词一般都是及物动词。例如：With my pocket _ on the bus, I had to stay to work on to make enough money before went back home.A. picking B. picked C. to pick D. being picked分析 钱包与扒窃之间显然是被动关系，同时由于这个既成事实，“I”不得不留下来打工挣钱回家，所以应该用过去分词被动和完成，即答案是B。3、with+宾语+不定式不定时作宾补时具有将来时态的特点；当它的逻辑主语出现在句子中时，通常用主动式表被动意义，否则其被动含义必须用to be done的形式表达。例如（2002上海春）：With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled C分析 “难题”与“解决”之间的关系显然是动宾关系，即问题被解决；但是主句中的is having意为will have，有将来时态的含义；同时这个补语的逻辑主语是后面的句子主语the newly-elected president，而它们之间是主谓关系。既要表达主谓关系，又要反映将来时态的特点，只能用不定式作补语，所以答案是C。该试题典型地反映了这种结构中，补语形式的选择与其逻辑主语之间的密切联系。4、with+宾语+形容词形容词作宾补时，实际上前面省略了being，表一种静止的状态。例如：With so many people _, the chairman had to announce the meeting was put off.A. present B. being present C. to be absent D. absent 分析 答案是D，这里也可以用being absent，意思是：由于那么多人没有出席，主席只好宣布会议延期。5、with+宾语+副词With the long Spring Festival _, all the people began their daily work or study again.A. finished B. ending C. over D. to be ended分析 答案是C，finish不能用来修饰“春节”，而ending含进行时态意义，不符合逻辑，不定式表将来时态，所以其余三者都不对。6、with+宾语+介词短语介词短语作补语表达一种静止状态，在句子中表伴随或者原因等。例如：My father sat at the desk working on the computer, with several cats _ him.A. around B. be around C. to be around D. were around分析 答案是A，around him是介词短语作cats的补语，整个with结构作伴随状语。及时巩固 根据语境，选择最佳答案填入空格，然后参见题后的参考答案。1. With all the children _, the old woman will feel at times lonely.A. abroad B. work abroad C. to live abroad D. to be abroad 2. At the sight I was frightened and fell off the bike, with all the books _ on the ground.A. lie B. lay C. laid D. lying 3. With still a long way _, we didnt stop to have a rest and went on with our journey.A. goes B. going C. gone D. to go 4. With so much _, Ill have to refuse the invitation.A. dealt B. to deal with