2019中考英语二轮复习语法突破三名词考点剖析讲义五四制.docx

五四语法三 名词语法考点剖析考点一 名词词义辨析名词词义的辨析在历年中考试题中属于必考题，通常在单选、完形填空、词语运用等题型中考察。名词词义辨析常分为同类名词辨析、不同类名词辨析和近义名词辨析。其中，同类名词辨析主要涉及抽象类、地点类、职业类、饮食类、情绪类等。单项选择1(2018山东莱芜中考)Stephen Hawkings story gives me much to face all kinds of difficulties.Achance Bwealth Ccourage Ddecision2(2018江苏泰州中考) About how to achieve a balance between hobbies and schoolwork，Justin asked me for my Aposition BattentionCsuggestion Dintroduction考点二 名词的数名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词与不可数名词。1可数名词的复数形式可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，可数名词复数的变化规则如下：种类变化例词一般情况加scakecakesstudentstudentsbedbedscomputercomputers以s, x, sh, ch等结尾的词加esbusbusesclassclasseswatchwatchesboxboxes以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i，再加esbabybabies citycitiescountrycountriesladyladies以元音字母加y结尾的词加stoytoysmonkeymonkeyskeykeys以f(fe)结尾的词变f(fe)为v，再加esleafleaves; wolfwolvesknifeknives; lifelives以辅音字母加o结尾的表示有生命的名词，在词尾加estomatotomatoespotatopotatoesheroheroes 表示无生命的名词，在词尾加sphotophotospianopianos radioradios不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母womanwomenfootfeettoothteeth单复数形式相同sheepsheep; deerdeerChineseChineseJapaneseJapanese 其他形式mousemicechildchildren2.不可数名词的数(1)概述：不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算，没有词形变化，这类词主要为抽象名词和物质名词。(2)表示方法：不可数名词需要计量时，用“数词或冠词量词of不可数名词”的结构表示，量词可以是单数也可以是复数，但of后面的名词只用单数。a cup of tea 一杯茶two bottles of water 两瓶水four pieces of paper 四张纸(一)单项选择(2018广东中考)The three upstairs are too sma1l to have enough for a double bed.Aroom, room Broom, roomsCrooms, room Drooms, rooms(二)单词拼写与运用They havent made a (decide) where to spend their summer vacation.考点三 名词所有格1表示所有关系一般用s所有格，但表示无生命的事物的所有关系一般用of所有格。a students room一个学生的房间teachers office老师们的办公室the price of the book这本书的价格2双重所有格的构成：“ofs所有格”或“of名词性物主代词”。双重所有格和of所有格意义不同。a photo of my sisters我妹妹的一张照片(照片属于我妹妹，但是照片上的人不一定是她)a photo of my sister一张我妹妹的照片(照片上的人是我妹妹)3表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等名词的所有关系，直接在词尾加s。todays newspaper今天的报纸4表示“某人家”或“店铺”的名词所有格后，一般省略被修饰的名词。at the doctors在诊所5一样东西为两者或两者以上共有，在最后一个名词词尾加s；若是各自所有，则每个名词词尾都加s。Lucy and Lilys mother is a teacher. Lucys and Lilys homework is usually checked by her.露西和莉莉的妈妈是一名老师，她们俩的作业一般由她检查。单项选择1(2018内蒙古通辽中考)This is family photo, I took it on her mothers birthday.AMary; forty BMarys; fortiethCMary; fortieth DMarys; forties2(2018四川遂宁中考)Tom, are these books ？No, they are . Mine are on that shelf.Amine; Jenny Byours; JennysCmine; Jennys Dyours; Jenny3(2018贵州安顺中考)Excuse me! Is this new house?Yes, its . The parents of them bought it last September.ALucy and Lilys; theirs BLucys and Lilys; themCLucys and Lilys; theirs DLucy and Lilys; them考点四 名词作定语1名词作定语一般用单数形式，但有些常以复数形式出现的名词则仍用复数形式。clothes shop服装店sports meeting运动会2man/woman作定语时随所修饰的名词的数变化。men doctors男医生women drivers女司机3“数词连字符名词”作定语。a threeday holiday一个三天的假期a fiveyear plan一个五年计划连字符后面的名词用单数形式单项选择1(2018湖南郴州中考改编)Look at the girl in the square!Oh.Im surprised that a girl can dance so well!Athreeyearsold BthreeyearoldCthree years old Dthreeyearsold2(2018内蒙古通辽中考)In China, there are more i