高中英语必修5unit2知识点总结.doc

必修五Unit 2 The United Kingdom重点词组：1. keep your eyes open 睁大你的眼睛 2. consist of由组成 3. leave out省去 不考虑 遗漏4. divide into 分成 5. prepare to 准备6. compare A with B 与比 compare A to B 把A比作B7. work out 做出 解决 设计出 计算出 锻炼开采完 发展 进行work on对.起作用；企图影响或说服，忙于 work in 在工作work off 渐渐消除 处理 排除 卖掉 发泄8. asked the boss on the phone 通过电话9. a furnished house with all modern conveniences 一个带家具的房子有所有的现代方便的设施10. familiar with熟悉 11. worried about the time available担心时间不够12. make a list of 列出关于的清单 13. on special occasions 在特殊的场合14. the four-hundred-year-old uniform 有四百年历史的制服 定语 不加“s”15. set the world time设置世界时间 16. on either side of the line 在线的两端17. fall asleep入睡18. with delight 十分喜悦的授课内容：一、句型集锦1. Why are you unwilling to accept this wonderful opportunity?Opportunity时机，机会搭配：Opportunity for/of.的时机 Opportunity to do.做的时机Catch/seize/take an opportunity抓住机会 Give/offer an opportunity提供机会Lose/miss an opportunity错失机会 Give up an opportunity放弃机会Eg. Youll have the opportunity to ask any questions at the end. There was no opportunity for further discussion.Chance与opportunity辨析Chance（机会）强调其偶然性，含有侥幸的意味。Opportunity带有恰逢其时，正好便利行事的意味，有期待的含义。Eg. It would be foolish to let such an opportunity slip; it is the chance of a lifetime.2.You will live in a town close to the countryside in England in a furnished house with all modern conveniences. Furnished配备好装备的，带家具的Furnish 1)(在房屋等内)布置家具 Eg. The house was simply furnished. 2)向（某人/某事物）供应，提供 furnish A with B 将B提供给A/用B装备A Eg. She furnished him with the facts surrounding the case.辨析furnish, equip与supplyFurnish furnish A with B 与be furnished with 指供给生活所必备的或为生活舒适所需的家具 Eg. Ill furnish my house with furniture.我要为我的房子置办家具。equip equip A with B 常表示“装备”工作所需要的东西 eg. The room is equipped with the air conditioning.Supply supply sb. with sth=supply sth to sb. 可用于指在任何环境下“供给”任何东西 Eg. The merchant supplies goods to them.单词积累Furniture 家具 furnishings家具，室内陈设3. Your task will be to examine the possibility of constructing a new factory in the United Kingdom.Be+to do结构的用法（1）be to do结构中，不定式作表语，表示主语和表语在概念上是等同的。如： The problem is to find a solution. His plan is to clean the room. My wish is to be a teacher. (2) be to do1)坚决命令 No one is to enter this building without the permission of the security guard.2)“计划，安排”(意思接近于be going to) Betty is to get married next month.3)不可避免，注定 You are to answer for what you have done.4)意图，打算，决心 If all of us are to remain friendly, we must be sincere with one another.5)“义务，应该”（意思接近于should, ought to）You have done so well. You are to be rewarded.6)用于“ifwere to do”，表示虚拟假设 If I were to do it, I would do it well.Possibility搭配 (a) possibility of doing sth做某事的可能 (a) possibility that.的可能性. Is there any possibility of your getting to London this week? There is a possibility that he will win.单词积累 Possible可能的， possibly可能地辨析probable, likely与possibleProbable十有八九的可能性Likely十有五六的可能性Possible十有一二的可能性-Is there any possibility _C_ you could pick me up at the airport? (2009浙江高考)-No problem.A. when B. that C. whether D. what4. All of the words below can take the place of Take the place of=take ones place代替“代替”的种种表达法：take the place of, take ones place, replace in, in place of, instead of拓展In place在适当的位置，适当 In place of代替 In sbs place 处于某人的位置Out of place不适当的，离开原来的地方 Take place发生，举行 In the first place首先，第一The chairman is ill in hospital now, so we have no idea who will _A_ in the coming conference.A. take his place B. take place C. take place of him D. take the place of5. “Please dont hurt my cat,”begged Sarah as her brother picked it up by one leg.Pick up 1)捡起，拾起，收拾，整理She picked up a store and threw it at the window.Please pick up all your toys when youve finished playing.2)取物，接人 Pick me up at the hotel.3)收听到 We picked up radio signals for help from the damaged plane.4)获得，得到，买到，学会 Heres a tip I picked up from my brother.5)（使）重新开始 We picked the conversation after an interruption.6)改善，好转，增强 Trade usually picks up in spring.拓展Pick out选出，选择，辨别出， pick and choose挑三拣四 pick off去除，取走Pick up on意识到，pick ones way慢而小心地走Eg. Sam _C_ _some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it. (2010山东高考)A. brought up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up6. On my way to the station my car broke down.Broke down1)（机器等）损坏，坏掉，出故障 Eg. The car broke down on the freeway.2)(关系等)破裂，失败 Eg. Negotiations between the two sides have broken down,3)使分解 Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.4)（身体）垮掉，（精神）崩溃 Her health broke down under the pressure of work.拓展break in 闯入；打岔 break off 中断，折断 break into 闯入 break out 爆发;发生 break up 驱散；分散，拆散(2009四川高考)How about your journey to Mount Ermei? -Everything was wonderful except that out car _B_ twice on the way.A. slowed down B. broke down C. got down D. put downHe tried to deal with the increasing burden of his work, but he finally _D_ and had to take a complete rest.A. broke off B. broke away C. broke out D. broke down7. Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined.Expand扩大 Expandinto.使.变大/扩展The shipbuilding industry is rapidly expanding.Expand常与on连用，意为“详述”单词积累Expanse n. 广袤，广阔的区域 Expansion n. 扩展，扩大，展开Expansive adj. 扩展性的，广大的，辽阔的 Expansively扩张性地，广大地辽阔地二、知识要点概括1. consist of be made up of 由组成 (没有进行时）e.g. The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK.Consist in在于，存在于 Consist with与一致 Consistently一致地，连贯地Consistency一致性，连贯性2. 区别: separate . from (把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来）o 把分开 （把整体分为若干部分）e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups.The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian.3. debate about sth.e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days.debate /argue/ quarrel 4. clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )become clear or easier to understand 澄清；阐明;清楚；明了e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situation.Can you clarify the question? 5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 连接【习惯用语】 link A to B 将A和B连接起来6. refer to 1)提及，指的是e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?2) 参考；查阅；询问e.g. If you dont understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.Please refer to the last page of the book for answers. 3) 关系到；关乎e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you.This rule refers to everyone. reference: n. 参考 e.g. reference books 参考书7. to ones surprise (prep)“to ones + 名词” 表 “令某人”常见的名词有 “delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale. To Johns great relief they reached the house at last.8. . found themselves united peacefully “find +宾语宾补( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介词短语；不定式）”e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.Youll find him easy to get along with. They found themselves trapped by the bush fire.When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.9. get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做.e.g. Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill come.get + n. + to do get + n. + doing Youll get her to agree.Ill get the car going. get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生，意为“被.”e.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. 10. break away (from sb / sth) 脱离；破除e.g. It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits.The man broke away from his guards.11. as well as 不仅而且；既又 e.g. He is a teacher as well as a writer.The children as well as their father were seen playing football in the street. 12. convenience: n.方便；便利（convenient: adj. ）e.g. We bought this house for its convenience.13. attraction: （attract: v.）1). 吸引；引力(不可数 n.) e.g. attraction of gravitation 重力2). 吸引人的东西；喜闻乐见的东西；精彩节目(可数 n.)He cant resist the attraction of the sea on a hot day.A big city offers many and varied attractions.What are the principle attractions this evening?14. influence 1) v. 对产生影响 e.g. What influence you to choose a career in teaching? 2)可数n. 产生影响的人或事 e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school. 3) (不可数n.) 影响 e.g. A teacher has great influence over his pupils.15. in memory of为纪念 To the memory of.为了纪念. In honor of为向表示敬意 In advance of在前面 In behalf of为了的利益 In explanation of解释 In possession of拥有 In sight of看得见 In support of 为了支持 In defence of 保卫 In praise of称赞 16. 辨析error, mistake, oversightError主要指在技术、道德、判断等方面的“错误”，往往会引起一定的不良后果或问题。Mistake主要指在语言、行为等方面的“失误”，程度比“error”轻。Oversight指由于不小心而导致的“疏忽”或“失职”等三、语法总结： 过去分词过去分词作宾语补足语时表明宾语是过去分词所表示动作的对象，过去分词与宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。在高中阶段过去分词作宾语补足语的情况通常有以下几种：1. 过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep, leave等的后面They keep the door locked for a long time.Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time.2. “have/get+宾语+过去分词”可以表示两种含义：让别人做某事；遭遇某种不幸I have had my bike repaired.The villagers had many trees planted just then.Ill never get all this work finished.I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.The old man had his leg broken in the accident.He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.3. 在“make+宾语+过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果I raised my voice to make myself heard.They managed to make themselves