同义词、意群总结.doc

Commotion骚动，暴乱disturbanceperturbationturbulence三个词中都有turb-词根，表示搅动（turbine涡轮）agitationuproarTranquility宁静peacecalmserenitycomposure镇静discompose不安Propensity倾向tendencydispositionpredispositioninclinationproclivityacclivity向上的斜坡bendliability（另外还有一个意思表示债务）predilectiondelectable令人愉快的，令人伤心悦目的penchantpartialityLull短暂的寂静soothesoother橡皮奶嘴placatepacify pacifier橡皮奶嘴appeasemollify词根moll-表示软（mollusca软体动物）conciliatemitigateassuagealleviateBoor粗鄙之人loutoafchurlyokelCivil文雅的polishedrefinedcultivatedcourtlyurbanecivilizedCherub二翼天使cupidseraph六翼天使 seraphic极美的（尤其指女性国色天香，倾国倾城）Morose郁闷的saturnine（坐在九个骨灰盒上）downcastcrestfallen crest鸡冠dispiriteddespondentgloomymelancholy古希腊医学圣人提出人体一共有四种体液，分别叫做：血液（血气方刚的），粘液（phlegmatic冷静的），黄胆汁，黑胆汁dolefulPermeable可以透水的porouspenetrablepervious（另外有一个意思表示可以受影响的，反义词为impervious不为所动的）Soggy湿透的soakedsoddensaturateddrenchedsousesteepdouseimmerseRefute反驳，驳斥disprovecontrovertVerify证实provesubstantiatecorroborateUndergird支持，支撑encouragesupportreinforcecountenance（作为名词表示面容）abetOppose反对demurbuckdeprecatequibbledefyRetard阻碍checkhinderimpedehamperarrest（吸引；阻碍；逮捕）balkobstructbarstymiestemstuntcumberclogincommode=discommodefoil（锡箔；钝头剑；阻碍）thwartfrustratefilibusterstonewallforestallhamstringAffirm肯定，断言averassertproclaimpredicate be predicated on=according to以为依据avowNegate否定denygainsayrepudiatedisclaimrenounceabjurerecant 上述三个词都有宗教信念上的抛弃、否定，同时对应一个反义词就是affirmCensure批评fulminatedenouncecondemnreprehendrailupbraidchastisebelaborvituperatecastigatereprimandreproverebukereproachopprobriumimpugnflakpanCommend表扬extolexaltacclaimeulogizelaudaccoladeapplaudglorifyravetouttributeapprobationencomiumpanegyriceulogyhymnpaeancarolDeride嘲笑（:尊敬）mocktauntridiculescornjeersneerRevere尊敬venerateesteem=adorehonordefer toJabber快而不清地说话gabblegibber gibberish n.毫无意义的或莫名其妙的话PS: ticklish : imperturbable易怒的：沉着的slang: different strokes for difference folks萝卜白菜各有所爱parody拙劣模仿 travesty歪曲跟音乐相关lyric抒情诗solo独奏aria咏叹调 上述两个词都是单独表演的部分，可以共同对应一个反义词ensemble合唱duet二重奏trio三重奏quartet四重奏fantasia幻想曲capriccio随想曲（来自于caprice反复无常）concerto协奏曲rhapsody狂想曲（来自于rhapsodize疯狂赞美）reverie梦幻曲serenade小夜曲sonata奏鸣曲note音符scale音阶movement乐章score乐谱overture=prelude序曲finale=coda尾声piano（音乐）轻柔的:forte（音乐）强有力的（作为名词表示人的长处、强项）crescendo声音渐强diminuendo声音渐弱refrain叠句staccato断奏，断音cantata=oratorio清唱剧operetta小歌剧melodrama情节剧farce闹剧pantomime哑剧soprano女高音tenor男高音（另外一个意思是主旨、要点）recital独唱会rendering演绎maestro=virtuoso艺术大师ballerina芭蕾舞女minute小步舞曲pirouette芭蕾舞中脚尖着地的旋转madrigal情歌ballad小调ditty小调乐器有关harpsichord键琴harp竖琴bassoon巴松管，低音管tambourine手鼓percussionist打击乐手美术相关easel画架brush画笔canvas画布palette调色板（区别：palate上颚；pallet简陋的小床，运货的托盘）crayon粉笔画，蜡笔画collage拼贴画fresco壁画limn描绘stipple点画daub瞎画，涂鸦daubster拙劣的画家Extravagant奢侈的profuselavishwastefulprofligatespendthriftimprovidentdissipatedprodigal=wastrelMiser吝啬鬼skimpybegrudgingmiserlyniggardskinflintscroogeGenerosity慷慨，大方magnanimityliberalitylargessmunificencebounteous=bountyprincelyschool : fish = flock : birds = herd : cattle = pack : wolves = swarm : bees/ants = gaggle : geesevalorousvaliantdauntless=undauntedindomitableintrepidplucky（注意：pluck作为动词有拔毛的意思）beard the lion in his den老虎嘴里拔牙，太岁头上动土gallant=chivalrous（另外一个意思：对女士彬彬有礼的）stoutheartedheroicprowessmettle(some)lion勇敢的人bravadobluffing这两个词都表示的是虚张声势choir : singer = electorate : voter = cast : actor规律：音乐舞蹈:文学戏剧规律：光:声croak : frog = quack : duck（quack除了有庸医、骗子的意思外，还可以指鸭子嘎嘎的叫）tile : mosaic = stitch : samplerparquet : wood = mosaic : glassargue : debate = fight : box正常:正规duel : combat = ratify : approval正规:正常Guzzle狂饮quaffswillgulpslurpGobble狼吞虎咽munchCarp吹毛求疵hypercriticalcaptiouscarpingfussypernicketyfinickyfastidiousdaintycensoriouscavilSkirmish小争吵tiffspatbickersquabbleCorral牛棚马厩stablestallcorral : horses = coop : chickens = fold : sheep = pen/sty : pigsexecutor : will = solider : order前者执行后者规律：表示人的职务或者职业的词通常没有品质方面的特征，eg：politician表示人的性格的词eg：miser，coward表示人的能力的词eg：pundit但是职业无特征不是绝对的，eg：diplomat : tactAudacious：Audax是希腊将军，作战非常勇敢(引申出第一重含义：勇敢的)，city-state(城帮) Athens雅典(Athena雅典娜)，Sparta斯巴达-Spartan(坚韧的，刻苦的)，Audax的妻子是个大belle(美女)，而且是个coquette(风骚的女人)，非常sultry(1风骚的2闷热的(通常男生看到belle会比较闷热)，她来军营看望Audax，可是Audax不在，正好碰到Audax的adjutant(副官)，这个adjutant是个酷哥(cougar美洲狮)，于是她ogle(女人色迷迷的看男人)这个酷哥，酷哥leer(男人色迷迷的看女人)她，于是他们产生了一种liaison(暧昧关系)，凑巧被Audax看到了，十分不爽，手起刀落，把adjutant砍了，看看他妻子也很不爽，手起刀落也砍了(引申出第二重含义：鲁莽的)。Inveigle诱骗coaxwheedlecajoleSwindle欺骗beguilehoodwinkgullhoaxdouble-crossAbsorbed聚精会神的，全神贯注的engrossedengagedlostoccupiedimmersedRavishing令人销魂的美riveting极迷人的美stunning令人晕眩的美glowing光彩照人的美radiating放射状的美Qualify几乎只考一层意思：限制doggerel : sonnet = scribble : calligraphy随意:正规equivocate : directness反面特征equivocate : indirect/ambiguous正面特征equivocate : deceive动作及其目的（支支吾吾就是为了欺骗）desert : oasis = forest : glade = ocean : islandInured习惯的get inured toget acclimatized toget accustomed toget habituate yourself toportfolio : securities = dossier : reportsclientele : customers = faculty : teachersdepart : abscond = store : secrete = save : hoard正常地:偷偷地parenthesis小括号bracket中括号stickler : rules = doctrinaire : theory = reactionary : convention前者僵化地执行后者gourmand : appetite = skinflint : thrift = prodigal : expenditure = daredevil : couragecynicism：愤世嫉俗，玩世不恭，冷嘲热讽flounder : move = limp : walk困难：正常Pertinent恰当的，贴切的appropriateproperaptgermaneinsulate绝缘insolate暴晒insular岛屿的peninsula半岛insulin胰岛素inchoate : completely/fully formedincipient : full-blownnascent : full establishedjudge : adjudicate = champion : defend正面特征banal（陈腐的）在GRE中一般考两种反义：创新性的or吸引人的ruffle=crease=pleat 褶皱GRE常考药：止痛药：analgesic, anodyne, bromide, painkiller麻醉剂，镇静剂：sedative, anesthetic, soporific, narcotic, intoxicant, tranquillizer, depressant, stimulant泻药：laxative, purgative, cathartic (catharsis宣泄)消/解毒药：antibiotic, antiseptic, disinfectant, antidote收敛/止血剂：astringent, coagulant, hemostatadditive添加剂preservative防腐剂desiccant脱水剂，干燥剂lubricant润滑剂emollient (balm)润肤剂irritant刺激物caustic腐蚀剂catalyst催化剂inhibitor (retardant)抑制剂palliative治标剂，缓和剂tonic滋补剂panacea万灵药nostrum家传秘方placebo安慰剂，参比剂worship: sacrifice=prediction: augury事物及其功能suitcase: luggage=hat: millinery种属关系，前者（具体）是后者（总称）的一种enfranchise: vote=illuminate: see动作及其结果/目的（前者的宾语执行后者）apologize: contrite = compliment: impressed动作及其表达内心情感stencil: lettering=pattern: sewing事物及其功能（模板）pillory: ridicule=guillotine: execute事物及其功能，也可以对应cell: intern单身牢房：拘禁pillory作为及物动词表示“公开谩骂，公开侮辱”，对应反义词为exalt跟法庭相关的词汇：法庭(courtroom)中间，法官(judge/ magistrate/ justice)坐的凳子(bench)，法官头戴假发(toupee)，前面放置条案(lectern)，条案上通常放置一个小锤子(gavel)，法官下面有证人(witness)席，传证人上庭的过程叫做传讯(subpoena)，证人作证过程中给出证言、证词(testimony/ deposition/ perjury-伪证)，另外一边有陪审团(jury)，他们给出判决(verdict)，通常来说判决分为innocent和guilty，给出判决之后法官宣判(conviction)，然后对罪犯进行量刑 (sentence)，量刑过程中依照先例(precedence)。被告(defendant/ respondent/ corespondent)和原告(plaintiff/suitor)，其中respondent和suitor往往指婚姻案中的原被告，而corespondent 指的是第三者，原告和被告统称为诉讼当事人(litigant)，原告对被告的动作叫做起诉(accuse/ prosecute)，被告在法庭可以进行抗辩(plead)。在办公室(office)处理文案的律师，在美式英语中叫做counselor，在英式英语中叫做solicitor；在法庭(courtroom)进行辩护的律师，在美式英语中叫做attorney，在英式英语中叫做barrister。其他关于法庭的词：prosecutor(公诉人)，advocate(苏格兰或者法国一带的律师)，tribunal(法庭/军事法庭)，forensic(与法庭有关的)，jurisprudence(法学)，judicial(司法的)，跟该词相似的一个词judicious(明智的)diary: biographer=scripture: theologian日记：传记作家=真经：神学家，研究对象与研究者，其中scripture=canon假真关系：mask: facetoupee: hairdenture: teetheffigy(mannequin/dummy): bodyastrology: astronomyalchemy: chemistrypseudonym(alias): nameplacebo: painkillernostrum: remedymalinger: ailperjury: deposition(testimony)backdrop: vistaapocrypha: canoncounterfeit: moneybravado: courageoussophism(诡辩): reasoningsophist: philosophercharlatan(quack/mountebank): doctorflatte