动词时态复习ppt中考英语语法课件

动词时态复习,1. 一般现在时 一般现在时常表示： 1.客观事实或普遍真理 2.经常发生，反复进行的动作或状态 常与下列时间状语连用： 1）often, always, usually, sometimes, never等: It never snows in Australia in December. They usually go to school by bike.,2)once a year, twice a month, every year/week/day, every two days等： He writes to his father twice a month.,1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。 在这种情景中,句子常带有表示频率的时间状语:always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等,以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。例如: They raise ducks as a sideline 。他们以养鸭为副业。 She doesnt often write to her family, only once a month. 她不常给家里写信,仅一月一封而已。 I cycle to work every day 。我每天骑自行车上班。 It seldom rains here 。这儿很少下雨。 2)仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。 这里的目的是为了“描述现阶段的动作或状态”,其重点“不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态”。例如: He can speak five foreign languages 。他能说五种外语。 That is a beautiful city 。那是座美丽的城市。 Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。 She majors in music 。她主修音乐。 All my family love football 。我全家人都喜欢足球。 My sister is always ready to help others 。 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。 顾名思义,客观的情况是“没有时间概念”的;也“不会在意动作进行的状态”。例如: The sun rises in the east 。日出东方。 The earth goes around the sun 。地球绕着太阳转。 Ten minus two is eight.十减二等于八。 Light travels faster than sound 。光的速度比声音的速度快。 The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。 4) 根据英文语法规定,当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时,那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如: Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时,我将告诉他这个消息。 If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 如果你接受这份工作,他们将和你谈谈细节。,2. 现在进行时 现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，常与时间状语now, this week, these days 等连用。另外，我们还要注意句中的隐含条件（如：look, listen, Its nine oclock等）。如： The students are doing their homework. You are working on a farm these days. Whom are you waiting for?,有些动词如come, go, leave, begin, stay, start 等的现在进行时可以表示预定的或即将发生的动作，句中常有表示将来的状语: Im leaving on Sunday morning. Jim is coming here this evening. 与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。,一般将来时 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表将来的时间状语连用。如：1) tomorrow, today, tonight 2) next spring/ week/ month/ year 3) during this term 4) first, next 5) when I grow up What will you do next week? Well only stay for two weeks.,过去将来时 过去将来时指的是立足于过去某时，从过去的观点看将来发生的动作， 常用的时间状语有： 1)yesterday, the next day, that day/night 2)the following week 3) last 4) by then 5)when he grew up, after it stopped raining They said that they would have a basketball match with Class Two this afternoon.,表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个“将来”时间绝不会延伸到“现在”;而仅限于“过去时间区域内”。由此可以看出,含这个时态的句子常带一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语或是一个短语,或是一个句子。这个时态常用于: A)宾语从句或间接引语中; B)表示过去习惯性的动作; C)表示过去情况中的“愿望”、“倾向”,多用于否定句。例如: A) When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be 。 当我考虑这件事时,我想知道他们的反应是什么。 She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告诉我,她第二天要去欧洲旅行。 He didnt expect that we would all be there. 他没料到我们会全在那儿。 B) During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day. 在那段时间,他每天早锻炼。 Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。 C) No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it 。 不管工作有多难,他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。 They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。 Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave 。 甚至在讲座结束之后,听众仍不肯离去。,过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，常用的时间状语有： 1)at this time last night, at 9:00 yesterday 2)when I saw him; while I was watching TV 3)from seven to nine 4)yesterday, last year, yesterday morning What were you doing this time yesterday? He was drawing an elephant on the blackboard when the teacher came in.,1)表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作,例如: At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候,我正在收拾东西去露营。 When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article.上次我来看她的时候,她正在写一篇文章。 What were you doing at eight last night ? 昨晚八点钟你在做什么? 2)用于故事的开头,交代故事发生的背景情况。 过去进行时所描述的动作是“正在进行”,所以,在这种情景中用“过去进行时”可以给读者一种“动感”,从而能使文章更加生动活泼。例如: One night, he was typing in his study 。 Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity 。一天晚上,他正在书房里打字。突然,一个人闯进屋来,切断了电源,现在完成时 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响，也可指过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有： 1)now, today, tonight, this week/month/year 2)yet, already, just, recently 3)since引导的时间状语或时间状语从句 4)for引导的表示一段时间的状语 Ive been here for just over two years. Hes been here since two years ago.,延续性动词与 终止性动词,动词按其动作发生方式，动作发生过程的长短，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。 延续性动词表示的是一种延续的动作， 这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。 如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live等。 终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词，表示的动作发生立即结束，产生某种结果。如： leave, start, set out, arrive, reach, get to, begin, stop, shut, turn off, marry, put, put on, get up, wake, fall, join, receive, finish, end, complete, become, come, go, die, close, open, break, give, jump, buy, borrow等。,1终止性动词的用法 1)终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如： The plane has arrived. I have finished my homework. 2)终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续，所以现在完成时（肯定式）不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如： 不能说 He has come here for three months. 应该说 He has been here for three months.,将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用，其常用的方法有： a.用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有： buy have borrow keep come/go/become be catch/get a cold have a cold get to know know be+名词 join the Party be a Party member,go to school be a student be+形容词/副词 leave be away （from) die be dead put on be on finish/end be over begin/start be on come be here/in fall asleep be asleep go out be out d. be+介词短语 go to school be in/at school join the Army be in the Army,B. 把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为表示过去时间的状语，原动词的完成时改为过去时 He came here three months ago. C.用 “It is/ has been +一段时间 +since(一般过去时)”结构。 It is/ has been three months since he came here. D. 用“多长时间+has passed + since(一般过去时)”结构： Three months has passed since he came here.,3) 短暂性动词现在完成时的否定式，已成为一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如： I havent heard from him for two weeks. He hasnt left here since 1990. 4)暂短性动词的否定式同until一起连用，构成 “ not until”结构，表示这个动作直到until所表达的时间到来时才发生。如： We wont go to visit the Great Wall until the rain stops. - When did you go to bed last night? -I didnt go to bed until my father got home.,5) 在while(表示一段时间)引导的从句中，不能用短暂性动词，但when可以，因为when可表示时间点，也可表示时间段 误：While I got to the village, it was dark. 正：When I got to the village, it was dark. 6)短暂性动词的肯定式的完成时不能和how long连用。如： 误：How long have you borrow the book? 正：How long have you kept the book? 正：When did you borrow the book?,2.延续性动词的用法 1)延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，可以与时间段连用： I have waited for him for nearly two hours. 2)延续性动词不可以与时间点连用 误： It rained at eight yesterday morning. 正： It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.,3) 在until引导的时间状语中，若主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，既可以用肯定形式，也可以用否定形式，但句子含义不同： She listened to the radio until her father came back. She didnt listen to the radio until her father came back.,用play的正确形式填空。 Liu Ming _ football often. Liu Ming _ football this afternoon. Liu Ming _ football last Sunday. Liu Ming _ football now. Liu Ming _ football at five yesterday. Liu Ming _ football for an hour.,plays,will play,played,is playing,was playing,has been playing,选择最佳答案填空。,( )1. Where is Tom? He _ to the science lab. A. had gone B. goes C. will go D. has gone ( )2. How often _ you _ to the library when you were at school? A. do; go B. did; go C. will; go D. ha