口译翻译11个经典句型及翻译原则.doc

大家学习网， 更多精彩在大家口译翻译11个经典句型1.leave sb the choice of or 要么，要么 （选择类经典句）Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission。敌人冷酷无情/铁石心肠，我们要么顽强抵抗，要么屈膝投降。The age of 30s leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining a bachelor。年过三十，要么成婚，要么单身。2、be the instrument of sth 引来某事物的人或事 （使动类经典句）The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them。全国同胞都在关注我们，如果我们有幸能够拯救他们脱离强加于身的暴政/把他们从强加于身的暴政中解救出来，那将得到他们的祝福和赞颂。他所建立的组织最终使他垮了台。The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall。能够让你幸福，我愿意付出我的一切。If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I will sacrifice all my belongings。3、it was the memories of 追溯到 （回忆类经典句）Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations development。追溯到1964年东京及1988年汉城举办的奥运会，可能分别被视为日韩两国发展的转折点。4、on the premise / ground/ prerequisite/ proposition/ hypothesis/presupposition that 基于一个前提 （假设类经典句）中国政府在宣布实行和平统一的方针时，是基于一个前提，即当时的台湾当局坚持世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。The Chinese proclaimed/declared to adopt/implement the policy of peaceful reunification on the premise that the then Taiwan authorities maintained that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is only one part of China。Advice to investors was based on the premise that interest rates would continue to fall。对投资者的建议是以利率会继续下跌为根据的。5、be bound to 必定；一定 （意愿类经典句）西部大开发一定能成为沟通世界各国和中国的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展，共同繁荣。The Great Western Development is bound to be a bridge between China and the rest world, promoting the common economic development and prosperity of China and the world at large。Just wars are bound to triumph over wars of aggression。正义战争必然要战胜侵略战争。6、a matter of sth/doing sth 与有关的情况或问题 （描述类经典句）Considering the following statements, made by the same man eight years apart. “Eventually, being poor wont be as much a matter of living in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor skills。”请思考一下同一个人现在及八年前说的话。“说到底，贫穷与其说是生活在贫穷的国家里，还不如说是技艺不精。”Dealing with these problems is all a matter of experience。处理这些问题全凭经验。7、This is the similar case with/when 这恰如；正如；也会 （类比类经典句）这恰如我们虽然看不懂莫扎特乐曲的总谱，却照样能同它的主旋律产生共鸣，击节称赞。This is the similar case when the main melody can evoke a strong echo for us to clap our hands in admiration despite our disability to understand the score of Mozarts musical pieces。除此以外，老百姓的服务性消费，如教育，信息，旅游等消费也会大量增长。Besides, this is also the case with the citizens expenditure such as education, information, traveling。8、be exemplified by 这一点也证明了；这点反映在以下事实：（举例类经典句）This American desire to keep the childrens world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident。如果父母在事故中丧生，人们总是晚些时候才告诉孩子们，这一点也证实了美国人想把儿童的世界和成人的世界隔离开的愿望。美国人想把儿童和成人的世界划清界限，这一愿望还反映在以下事实：如果父母在事故中丧生，人们总是设法晚点将消息告诉他们的子女。The manual worker is usually quite at ease in any company. This is partly explained by the fact that people of all income groups go together to the same schools。体力劳动者在任何场合通常都相当自在。收入档次不同的人上同一所学校，这个事实多少说明了这一点。9、constitute （不用于进行式）是；认为 （判断类经典句）历史雄辩地说明，中美之间建立在平等互利基础上的劳动分工是最为合理和实用的国际关系。History has proved eloquently that the division of labor based on equality and mutual benefit between China and USA constitutes the most reasonable and practical international relationship。My decision does not constitute a precedent。我的决定不应视为先例。The defeat constitutes a major set-back for our diplomacy。这一失败是我们外交上的一次较大的挫折。10、witness 见证 （发生类经典句）a time or event witnesses sth/sb in a particular situation or doing a particular thing。经过二十多年的快速发展，中国西部地区已奠定了一定的物质技术基础，社会保持稳定，市场经济体制正在逐步建立和完善，为西部经济持续快速增长创造了有利的市场环境。The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China。在下一轮的会谈中，我们将宣布中东地区永久停火协议，对此我抱有乐观态度并充满希望。I am optimistic and hopeful that the next round of talk will witness a permanent cease-fire in the Middle East。每一届交易会都有来自世界各地50多国家和地区的专业地毯商参加会谈。Each fair sees/witnesses carpet dealers from over fifty countries and regions around the world come to participate in its business talks。11、Sth. （never） deserts Sb. （否定/肯定类经典句）When I had to speak, my confidence suddenly deserted me。轮到我要讲话时，我突然失去了信心。十年的努力，换来的是形同陌路。Despite ten years effort, our affinity finally deserted itself。我坚信一定通过高级口译考试。My yearning for passing the advanced interpretation test has never deserted me。口译翻译的原则谓语最小化原则在汉译英中，动词的考察是必然的。其中动词和其他成分的转换也是重中之重。如果考生把所有的动词都翻译成动词的话，只能说明其还属于“入门”境界。因此在第一个例子中共出现7个动词，而在译文中只保留了4个动词。所以我们在翻译中一定要注意动词和其他词性的转换，常见减少谓语的方法有：a) 把动词变成名词 b) 使用介词短语 c) 使用分词短语 d) 多使用to表示目的的状语 e) 把并列谓语中最后一个谓语处理成“，which”的非限制性定语从句 虽然以上这些方法从本质上讲都是些小打小闹的“噱头”，但是不重视谓语的省略一定不会取得理想的成绩。今年的亚太经济贸易合作组织会议将主要侧重两个方面：一是加强亚太经合组织成员之间的合作，共同应对可能出现的经济衰退，重树信心；二是继续推进亚太经合组织贸易投资自由化进程，推动世界贸易组织尽早开始新一轮谈判。The APEC meeting in this year will focus mainly on two aspects: one is on strengthening the cooperation among all APEC members to cope with the possible economic recession with rebuilt-up confidence; the other is on promoting the liberalization of trade and investment among all APEC members for the start of a new round of negotiations by WTO.显然，许多美国的传统支持国家没有投票支持美国，以此对美国奉行单边主义表示不满。Many traditional U.S. supporters clearly withdrew their votes to signal displeasure over U.S. unilateralism.动宾换序原则在英译汉中，遇上特别长的宾语，初学者总是根据语法习惯亦步亦趋地处理主、谓、宾，结果造成庞大的宾语，头轻脚重，特别不符合汉语的习惯，汉语之所以不喜欢宾语从句，在于汉语喜用主谓短句，对于较长的宾语，一般有两种处理方式：一是把谓语变成直接能够接宾语的表达形式，如react to不必翻译成“对作出反应”，可变成“面对”，这种方法在口译中常常出现，因为口译往往无暇考虑句式的大变动；二是把宾语先译出，然后再译出主谓，如第一个例子，或使用谓语的相反含义，再接上原主语，如第二个例子，sustain表示“决定了”，那反义短语就是“取决于”。 The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of China.在新千年，经济重心将向亚洲转移，中国将迅速崛起，世界其他地区将不得不对此做出反应。The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.研究生是否存在，大学是否存在资金偿还能力，这些都取决于项目预算。句群逻辑关系原则汉译英中的疑点就是处理句群关系，从逻辑上区分通常有六种：a) 表示原因关系“因为所以”，“因此”，“由于”b) 表示转折关系“虽然但是”，“然而（不过）”c) 表示条件关系“如果”，“假如”，“只要就”，“一旦” d) 表示让步关系 “尽管”，“就算也”，“即使也” e) 表示时间先后关系 “之后”，“接着” f) 表示结果关系 “从而”，“导致” 经过二十多年的快速发展，中国西部地区已奠定了一定的物质技术基础，社会保持稳定，市场经济体制正在逐步建立和完善，为西部经济持续快速增长创造了有利的市场环境。Thanks to the rapid development in the past 20-plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology has been laid in the western region of China.The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China中国将致力于建设国家创新体系，通过营造良好的环境，推进知识创新、技术创新和体制创新，这是中国实现跨世纪发展的必由之路。Through creating a favorable background, China will be devoted to building a national system for innovation to promote the innovation in knowledge, technology and system, which is the only path/indispensable/essential for China to achieve cross-century/trans-century/century-crossing/turn-of-the-century development.名词词组与分句互译原则汉语中的两大成分地位较低，分别是宾语和定语。在英译汉中，较长的宾语从句常常会转化为名词词组，比如在第一个例句中的“how”如果翻译为“如何化去税款”这个宾语从句，在汉语中就显得不伦不类，所有一些5W1H的疑问词基本上都有可能转化为名词，如when（时间），where（地点），who（人选），why（原因）。此外，对于修饰语较多的名词性短语，汉语也不喜欢用定语进行堆砌，而偏向用简单的主谓短语，如第二个例子中把“the most skeptical Gates”翻译成“一个持怀疑态度的盖茨”，就不如变成主谓短语“盖茨对此持怀疑态度”。 They provide a means by which wealthy people and corporations can in effect decide how their tax payments will be spent.基金会提供了一种方式，可以让有钱人和大公司能实际支配花去税款的方式。But the most skeptical Gates of the new millennium is someone who evinces a passion for giving and government aid.但新千年盖茨对此持怀疑态度，热衷于施舍和政府援助。Now, the debate has shifted away from the ethics of baby-making and toward the morality of cloning embryos for their cells and tissues, which might be used to treat diseases.现在，争论已经从制造婴儿是否违背伦理，转到为提取用于治疗疾病的细胞和组织而克隆胚胎是否违背道德。But such self-interest is hardly enlightened.但这种做法只考虑个人利益，自然难以获得支持。The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.研究生是否存在，大学是否存在资金偿还能力，这些都取决于项目预算。时态原则时态在翻译中比不像想象中那么简单，往往是考试中的一个难点。时态有时可以体现一种感情因素，特别是进行时的使用，比如在第一个例子中现在进行时的使用体现出对中华民族的一种褒扬、赞美的口吻，翻译出了这句话的“精、气、神”，最后一个例子中过去进行时时常表示一种“特有的行为”，通常是偏向于negative的口吻，所以我们发现这句话十有八九是美国人自己写的。 中华民族历来爱好自由和和平。The Chinese people have always been cherishing freedom and peace.The Chinese people always cherish freedom and peace.The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace.中国过去是、现在是、将来是China was and remains to be 中国人民更深感自由与和平的珍贵。The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever.届时，At that time, 到2007年，上海市人均国内生产总值预计达到7500美元。By 2007, the per capita GDP in Shanghai is expected to reach US$7500.As a result we were going to be living in a fundamentally unmanaged economic system.从而我们可能要生活在一个根本无法掌控的经济体制中。After all, China and Cuba and other targets of U.S. led criticism in the committee were always going to vote and lobby against Washington.毕竟中国、古巴等一些在人权委员会中受到以美国为首批评的国家，总是投票或游说反对美国政府。要词原则无论是中口还是高口翻译篇章中，都有一些貌似十分简单的词，但这些词往往是这篇文章的杀手锏，难度往往高于那些成语、俗语和专业词。比如在第一个例子中的collectively，一般的译者马上会理解为“总而言之”“概括起来”的意思，只有当读完整句的时候，才明白是把亚洲国家整体经济规模“累加”起来，其中进行了转性译法，把副词转换为形容词或名词。这种词在每次考试中至少会有一个，可以被认为是拉开差距的地方。考生如能发现其中的“弦外之音”，将会极大的鼓舞自己的士气。 Collectively, the Asian Countries will have a larger economy than the rest of the world put together.亚洲国家的经济总量将超过其他国家地区的总和。From a small beginning at the turn of the century 本世纪初，基金会的数量并不多。Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich.这些国家虽然呈现出欣欣向荣的态势，但其中还有许多处于极端贫穷的弱势人口，还有少部分人口极端富有。l The major feature of project money, whether its source is government or business, is that it is given on a contractual basis, a different contract for each project, so that the investigators independence rests upon his capacity to secure a succession of contracts.无论来自于政府或商界，项目资金的重要特点是其建立在契约上，即不同的项目可以争取相同的项目资金，因此调研人员要取得独立，就必须得到连续的研究项目。The resulting patchwork of laws, people on all sides of the issue say, complicates a nationwide picture already clouded by scientific and ethnical questions over whether and how to restrict cloning or to ban it altogether.在克隆问题上各方人士认为，关于是否限制克隆、如何限制克隆或索性禁止克隆的科学及伦理问题，已经使全国性立法变得扑朔迷离。而如今各种东拼西凑的法律，只会使全国性立法形成步履维艰。A law that goes into effect on Jan.1 allows computer users in the state to refuse unwanted solicitations en masse and sue spammers who violate their wishers for as much as $1 million.1月1日，加州通过一条法律，使得计算机用户有权拒收垃圾邮件，并对邮件发送者提出诉讼，要求最高达一百万美元的赔偿。优先考虑宾语原则考生在翻译动宾短语的时候，应先考虑宾语的成分。宾语可能为名词、名词词组和句子。不同成分的宾语决定了谓语的使用。比如在以下例子中“希望”的选择面很大，既可以用hope连接句子，也可以用hope for，look forward to等连接名词词组，那么考生就得考虑宾语更容易翻译成词组或句子。因此，动宾连接原则的核心思想是“先宾语，后谓语”，翻译会豁然开朗。 中国人民始终希望天下太平，希望各国人民友好相处。The Chinese people are always looking forward to global peace and friendship among all nations.The Chinese people are always hoping that the world is at peace and people of all natio