薛定谔的猫课件

SCHRODINGERS CAT Fengqi &Chenfei In In Short Schrodingers Thought Experiment The Principle of Superposition Interpretations of the experiment Question: What is Schrodingers Cat? Answer: Erwin Schrodinger The quantum wave function Violation Illustrate The The Thought Experiment Experiment A steel chamber poison detector A cat is placed in it And with it, a small amount of a radioactive substance And a veil of poison The cat can be alive The cat can be dead Or both? Guess Atom in the radioactive substance is in a state of both decayed and undecayed The cat is both dead and alive TheThe Principle of Superposition of Superposition The principle of superposition says that if an object can be in any configuration, and if the object could also be in another configuration, then the object can also be in a state which is a superposition of the two. Question the questions posed by Schrodingers cat of how long superpositions last and when (or if) they collapse. Interpretations of the experiment Copenhagen interpretation A system stops being a superposition of states and becomes either one or the other when an observation takes place. closed simultaneously exists in a superposition opened + observation the wave function collapse into one of the two states. Niels Bohr The cat would be either dead or alive long before the box is opened by a conscious observer. Analysis of an actual experiment found that measurement alone is sufficient to collapse a quantum wave function before there is any conscious observation of the measurement. Many-worlds interpretation and consistent histories Hugh Everett Both alive and dead states of the cat persist after the box is opened, but are decoherent from each other. open the box observer entangle with the cat the “observation of the cats state“ and the “cats state“ correspond with each other. Quantum decoherence ensures that the different outcomes have no interaction with each other. Roger Penrose criticises: “I wish to make it clear that, as it stands, this is far from a resolution of the cat paradox. For there is nothing in the formalism of quantum mechanics that demands that a state of consciousness cannot involve the simultaneous perception of a live and a dead cat“. Max Tegmark A variant of the Schrdingers Cat experiment, known as the quantum suicide machine. It examines the Schrdingers Cat experiment from the point of view of the cat. Ensemble interpretation The state vector would not apply to individual cat experiments, but only to the statistics of many similarly prepared cat experiments. Relational interpretation All are quantum systems governed by the same rules of wave function evolution, and all may be considered “observers.“ Different observers can give different accounts of the same series of events, depending on the information they have ab