四级选词填空阅读步骤技巧.doc

选词填空阅读步骤技巧 选词填空对于众多考生而言，有一定的难度。命题人选择一篇长度在230个单词左右的文章，从中挖去10个单词，文章后面提供15个备选项，要求考生选择合适的选项填入文章，使整篇文章能够通顺、流畅。选词填空要求考生既要看懂文章的大意，又要认识并了解所列单词的词性和基本搭配。该部分测试重点在于把握文章的结构，主要考查考生对诸如：连贯性、一致性、逻辑关系等语篇、语段整体特征以及单词在实际语境中运用的理解，即要求考生在理解全文的基础上弄清文章的宏观结构并具体细化到对每个单词的微观理解上面。其目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力，考查学生对文章的理解能力以及运用词汇和语法结构的能力。选词填空特点： 1. 近义词辨析不多， 2. 固定搭配不多 3. 词性辨析比较容易 选词填空难点： 1. 词性可能会变。 2. 错一题，可能会错两题。 选词填空与完型填空的异同： 相同点：都要上下文做题 不同点：选词填空要先判断词性，而完型填空不用判断词性，4个待选项词性基本一致。 一、根据其题型特点，考生要做到：1. 掌握词汇、语法、阅读等基础知识，并具有较强的语言综合运用能力。2. 具备一定的词汇运用能力。大学英语教学要求学生具有识别生词和辨析词义的能力，要求学生能够辨析意义相近的词、用法相近的词。所以该题的干扰项往往会以同义词、近义词、反义词或形近异义词的形式出现。固定搭配以动词、形容词、副词、介词构成的居多，在选词填空中，主要以副词和介词为考点。这要求考生在平时的英语学习中，搭配和习惯用法，重视对结构和语法的掌握。3. 具备语境逻辑判断能力。选词填空的一个主要方面是考查学生对某一段落或者某几个句子之间的逻辑关系的判断和把握，尤其是对句与句之间的逻辑关系的理解。这要求考生熟记表示列举、原因、结果、让步、递进、转折、对照、补充、时间、目的、条件等不同逻辑关系的连接词。真题重现：(2008年6月，CET-4) Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly 1 to know the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was 2 to a little college French.A) accomplish I) manufactureB) advanced J) momentsC) balloon K) newsD) claim L) reducedE) constantly M) regretF) declare N) scary G) interviews O) totallyH) limited由基本的语法知识，我们知道情态动词could后面只能接动词原形，所以第1个空或可选A) accomplish，D) claim，F) declare和I) manufacture；同时连词but让我们知道前后是转折的语气。A) accomplish表示完成，实现；F) declare表示宣布，宣告，是及物动词；I) manufacture表示制造，而D) claim to do .表示声称，断言，符合上下文意思。此句意为虽然我出国已经几次了，但还不敢说自己在欧洲大陆不会迷路。moreover是一个表示递进关系的连接词，was后面能用的词，而且从结构上又能加to的词是B) advanced和H) limited，但根据递进逻辑关系，只能选H) limited。此句意为此外，我的外语水平只局限在大学时所学的法语知识。二、解题步骤：1. 跳读全文，把握大意。细读首句，抓住中心。考生首先应快速通读全文，了解文章的中心思想，通过对文章的分析，把握文章的背景、主题，结合每段的首句和末句，把握文章的结构。要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以便让读者知道本文的相关主题词或主题。 2. 阅读选项，词性分类。要“先题后文再定位”，但这里“先题”不是要找关键词，而是要先对15个选项“辨性” 。仔细阅读选项，根据词性把每个单词进行分类归纳。如名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词各有几个选项。动词归类要细分为v，v+ed, v+ing。因为一个空可以填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是ing形式要自己根据语法判断。 3. 前后结合，寻找线索。注意空格前后的结构和搭配，选择词性、单复数、时态和意义均符合文章上下文要求的词填入空格处，特别要注意瞻前顾后，保持文章前后通顺、流畅。同时在做题过程中可用排除法逐渐减少备选词汇。如果均能说得通时，要注意近义辨析。或留到最后，等范围缩小到最小时再轻松收尾。即传统阅读所说的，首遍不行无所谓，文章看完再收尾。 4. 重读全文，查漏补缺，核实答案。选择完成后，考生必须将所选单词带入原文进行复读，确认上下文衔接与否并核实答案。值得一提的是，如果考生觉得整，只能进行谨慎微调，切忌将自己已做出的选择全部推翻重选，那样做题效率会大大降低。三、解题技巧： 1）首先要辨性 （辨别词性） a. 不认识的单词看词缀（见后面附表） b. 认识的单词要注意词性的单一性和多样性 比如：must，most均可做名词do the most you can c. 动词归类要细分为v，ved, ving。因为一个空可以填动词，但填原形还是过去式还是ing形式要自己根据语法判断。甚至动词分词形式还可以做定语。 2）一个单词有多个词性时，要在不同分类中都标出。 3）如果选项中出现一组近义词或反义词时，往往有一个是干扰选项，它注重考察的是词汇的精确理解，要求考生分析清楚其细微的区别。 4）如何判断原文空缺处所需单词的词性： 动词： a）前后都是名词短语，中间一般为动词（时态看前后文）。 b) 一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词 c）一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。 名词： a. 名词主要做主语、宾语。 b. 形容词或名词都可以修饰名词 例：The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe _49_ thunderstorms.（49可能是形容词，也可能是名词修饰thunderstorms） c. 限定词（the, this, that, a, my之类）后必有名词 d. 谓语动词前必有名词或名词性质的主语 e. 介词后面必有名词 . 副词修饰形容词或动词 2007年6月真题Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients 47 of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. Times have changed. Today, we lake pain _48_Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital ,as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in _49_ a persons well-being. We know that chronic (慢性的) pain can disrupt (扰乱的) a persons life, causing problems that. _50_from missed work to depression. Thais why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who_51_in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us (real the pain belter, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social _52_Wrelated to chronic pain. Such comprehensive therapy often 53 the work of social workers.psychiatrists (心理阅读) and psychologists, as well as specialists in pain medicine.This modern 54 for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments whicharc more effeclive and with fewer side effects than ever before. Decades ago. there were only a55 number of drugs available, and many of them caused 56 side effects in older people.including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relievethe pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself.A) result I ) determiningB) involves J ) limitedC) significant K) gravelyD) range L) complainedE) relieved M) respectF) issues N) promptingG) seriously O) specializeH) magnificent模拟练习： We call it the common cold for good reason. There are over one billion colds in the United States each year. You and your children will probably have more colds than any other type of 1 . Children average three to eight colds per year. They continue getting them 2 childhood. Parents often get them from the kids. Colds are the most common reason that children 3 school and parents miss work. Children usually get colds from other children. When a new 4 is introduced into a school or day 5 , it quickly travels through the class. Colds can 6 year-round, but they occur mostly in the winter (even in areas with mild winters). In areas where there is no winter, colds are most 7 during the rainy season. When someone has a cold, his runny nose is teeming with (充满) cold 8 . Sneezing, nose-blowing, and nose-wiping spread the virus. You can 9 a cold by inhaling（吸入）the virus if you are sitting who sneezes, or by 10 your nose, eyes, or mouth after you have touched something contaminated (污染的) by the virus. People are most contagious (会感染的) for the first 2 to 3 days of a cold, and usually not contagious at all by day 7 to 10.A) care I) catchB) throughout J) movingC) touching K) strain D) occur L) illnessE) abuse M) miss F) sensation N) co