形容词副词考点例析.doc

形容词、副词考点例析1、形容词作伴随活结果状语，表状态。误He went home,coldly and hungrily.正He went home,cold and hungry.析形容词作伴随状语，前面往往用逗号把句子分开，说明他回家时所处的状态，并非说明他回家的方式。再如：He was sitting in a corner,silent.He came back,safe and sound,After two days he arrived at last,tired and hungry.2、在使用形容词、副词比较级时，比较对象要平等。误He is taller than other student in his class,正He is taller than any other student in his class.析“他比班上的其他任何学生都高”。比较的对象是个体，所以other前面需加any。3、突出强调“两个中较的一个”时，比较级前加定冠词the。误Of the two toys,he chose the least expensive one.正Of the two toys,he chose the less expensive one.析比较级前加定冠词表特指，通常加上of the two。比如；He is the taller of the two boys.如果三者或三者以上的人或事物之间进行比较，表示“在众多人或事物中，其中一个最”，用“the+最高级”。例如：Peter is the strongest of the three.三人中彼特最强壮。The red sweater is the cheapest of all the sweaters.在所有的毛衣中，那件红毛衣最便宜。但是，形容词的最高级若在句中作表语，且又不与其他事物作比较时，前面不加the。例如：We are busiest on Monday.我们星期一最忙。4、比较级前的修饰语常见的有a bit,even,still,rather,much,many,far,a lot,a great deal,by far,a little,any,three times.，不能用very,so,too,quite等作比较级的修饰词，这些词多用于修饰原级。误He is more taller than any other boy in his calss.正He is much taller than any other boy in his chass.析taller本身就是比较级，而more常用来构成多音节形容词或副词的比较级。much修饰比较级加强比较意义。5、表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the +比较级（主语+谓语）”结构，意为“越 ，越 ”。误The more you learn English,better you will be good at it.正The more you learn English,the better you will be good at it.析注意前后都用“the+比较级”结构，the不能删略。需要指出的是当不同其他人或事物相比较，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+and+比较级”结构，意为“越来越 ”。例如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.天气越来越暖和了。6、注意区分过去分词形式的形容词和现在分词形式的形容词。误I have never spent a more worried day before.正I have never spent a more worrying day before.表示“令人 的”，应用现在分词形式的形容词；表示“感到 的”才用过去分词形式的形容词。7、在比较级的范围中必须把自己排除掉，即自己不能与自己相比，而最高级必须包含自身。误China is larger than any other country in Africa,正China is larger than any country in Africa.语义逻辑错误。中国不属于非洲，因此前面不需要other。再看下面几个例句：This watch is the best of all the watches .8、副词主要用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或其他结构。误I very like English.正I like English very much.副词very可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。修饰动词要用very much或a lot。例如：The dish is very delicious,so every guest likes it a lot.9、副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可以。误I didnt understand the sentence enough well.正I didnt understand the sentence well enough.There is enough food for everyone to eat.=There is food enough for everyone to eat.10、兼有两种形式的副词，一定要注意语义区分其是本义还是寓意。1）close与closelyclose意思是“近”；closely意思是“仔细地”。He is sitting close to me.Watch him closely.2） late与lately late意思是“晚”；lately意思是“最近”。You have come too late.What have you been doing lately?3）deep与deeply deep 意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”。He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved by the film.4） high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。 The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.5） wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely 意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方”。He opened the door wide.Ehglish is widely used in the world.6）free与freely free的意思是“免费”；freely的意思是“无限制地”。You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.You may spesk freely;say what you like.11、在名词短语中，名词前面形容词的排序是：限定词数词-描绘词（大小、长短、形状、新旧、颜色）出处材料性质，类别名称。例如：1）Tony is going camping with（ ）boys.A.little two other B.two little otherC.two other little D.little other two答案：C。由上述公式可知名词前的形容词应按数字、描绘此、性质的顺序，因此只有C为正确答案。2）One day they crossed the（ ）bridge behind the palace.A.Old Chinese stoneB.Chinese old stoneC.old stone ChineseD.Chinese stone old答案：A。几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排序顺序是：年龄、形状、大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。3）-How was your recent visit to Qingdao?-It was great.We visited some friends,and spent the（ ）days at the seaside.A.few last sunnyB.last few sunnyC.last sunny fewD.few sunny last答案：B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多在后。12，倍数表达法：倍数+as + adj. + as =倍数+ the+n.+of =倍数+比较级+than+ This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine.This bridge is three times as long as that one=This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.=Your room is twice the size of mine.13.，和 more有关的词组辨析。1）the more the more 越 就越The harder you work,the greater progress youll make.2）more B than A 与其说A不如说