关于动词的两种分词的用法比较浅谈.doc

浅谈过去分词和现在分词的用法比较 作者：刘菲 在高中英语教学中，关于动词的两种分词(即过去分词和现在分词)出现的频率很高，学生容易混淆，在高中英语教学中也是一个难点.针对这种情况在这里我略作浅谈.现在分词与过去分词虽然语法功能相同(都能作定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语),但它们所表达的概念和意义并不一样,现作一下比较:(1)现在分词表主动或正在进行,过去分词表被动或完成. eg: I am sorry to have kept you waiting(主动)I eg: I saw a boy crying there.(进行) eg: When he arrived,he found all the work finished.(完成) eg: He speaks loudly to make himself understood.(被动)(2)心态,情感类动词的现在分词作表语时,主语往往是物,做定语时,修饰的也是物一类的名词.eg: The news sounds surprising .eg: He would not take the tiring work.eg:Seeing the frightening tiger,we are all very frightened.eg: The speech is very boring.注意：修饰人的神态和内在的感情的名词时,要用过去分词.eg: His face wore a puzzled expression.eg: A concerned lookeg: A broken hearteg: A wanted person(3)心态,情感类动词的过去分词作表语,主语往往是人,作定语时,修饰的往往也是人一类的名词.eg: He became interested in social science.eg: Since he lost the election hes a disappointed man.eg: When I saw the long snake,l felt very scared.eg: As we all know, he is a kind-hearted man.注意：若表示主动,即对别人产生某种影响,仍用现在分词.eg: Mr.White is frightening.eg: Lincoln was an inspiring leader.(4)名词+分词结构作定语,相当于一个复合形容词,视情况而定.eg: Australia is an English-speaking country.eg: Weve sent up another man-made satellite.eg: There is a paper-making factory.eg: My close friend open a drug-made company.(5)分词的完成时态用作定语,一般不做定语,表语和补语,作状语时,若表示主动完成,应该用主动语态的完成式,但表被动时,可以用现在分词被动语态的完成式,或过去分词的一般式.eg: Having fed the chichens, the girl went out to school.eg: Having been given the wrong address, I failed to find his house.eg: Having been separated from other continents for millions of years,Australia has mang plants and animals not found anywhere eles in the world.ed: Not having received the reply,he decides to write again.注意：若说明一种事实,或情况的普遍性,应用分词的一般式.eg: Once seen, it will never be forgotten.eg: unless invited, l will not attend his wedding.(6)在条件,伴随,方式等状语从句中如果表被动,常用过去分词的一般式.eg: Given more time, we could do it better.eg: The old man left home, diasppointed(7)有些过去分词作状语时，没有被动意味，只是表示一种状态，或动作的完成。eg: Dressed in white,she looks really pretty.eg: United,we stand;divided,we fall.(8)分词的逻辑主语应该和整个句子中的主语一致,如果不是这样,一般要用独立主格结构,分词前面的名词(或代词)是它的逻辑主语,主动关系用现在分词,被动关系用过去分词.eg: A stone lying on the road,the car stopped.eg: With the tree growin