考研英语核心词汇速成胜经17.doc

考研英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit 17一、 真题文章（1998年） They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected: a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light years from earth. But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. That was just about the moment that the universe was born. What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected; the US National Aeronautics and Space Administrations Cosmic Background Explorer satellite -Cobe-had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy). The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginable dense knotof pure energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans. Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies. They shouldnt have long to wait. Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon. If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. Inflation says that very early on, the universe expanded in size by more than a trillion trillion trillion trillion fold in much less than a second, propelled by a sort of antigravity. Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true. 二、 译文 离地球大约150亿光年的一块狭长的巨大宇宙云是科学家至今所发现的最大、最遥远的物体。但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。那大约就是宇宙形成的时候。研究人员所发现的宇宙云系既令人惊讶，又是人们所期待的，因为美国国家航空航天局的宇宙背景探索者Cobe号卫星已经发现了划时代的证据，证明宇宙确实起源于最早的一次爆炸，即人们一直所称的“大爆炸”（此理论认为宇宙起源于一大团能量） 大爆炸理论在二十世纪二十年代首次提出，而巨大的宇宙云的存在实际上是保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所需要的。根据该理论，宇宙形成的时候是一些亚微观的、极为稠密、向四周扩散的纯能量，运动的时候发射射线，然后浓缩成粒子，最后形成了气体原子。经过了几十亿年，这些气体受到地球引力压缩形成了星系、恒星、行星，最终造就了人类。 Cobe卫星设计的目的就是观察这样最大的物体结构，但宇航员还是想看到那些微小的热区，即像星系中的星团和超星团这样一些局部物体的粒子，看来他们不必长期等待。天体物理学家使用南极地基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。 假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学观点的胜利，这种观点是对宇宙大爆炸论的完善，人们称之为宇宙膨胀说。宇宙膨胀说认为，很久以前，宇宙受到一种反地球引力的推动，在不到一秒钟内，其体积膨胀了无数亿倍。宇宙膨胀说尽管听起来奇特，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看起来可信的推论，许多天体物理学家七八年来一直确信这一说法是正确。 三、 考研核心词汇 cosmic/ 5kCzmik / adj. 宇宙的例 cosmic speed 宇宙速度（物体摆脱地球引力所需之速度）反义 chaotic/ kei5Ctik /adj. 混乱的,无秩序的派生 cosmical / 5kCzmikEl / adj. (=cosmic)宇宙的,广大无边的 pattern / 5pAtEn /n. 1模范,模式2样品,格调,图案 vt. 1模仿,仿造2以图案装饰 vi. 形成图案例 You can make a dress from this paper pattern.你可以用这个纸样儿做一套衣服。 同义 arrangement, design ,example, illustration, model ,paragon, picture primeval / prai5mi:vEl / adj. 原始的例 primeval forests 原始森林 reign / rein / vi. 统治,支配,盛行,占优势 n. 统治,统治时期,支配例 The Queen reignsbut does not rule. 女王在位，但不当政。同义 prevail, rule派生 reigning/ reInIN /adj. 统治的,在位的,本届的,起支配作用的固定搭配underin the reign of .在.的统治下 burst/ bE:st / v.1爆裂,炸破2急于；爆发 n. 1突然破裂,爆发2脉冲例 I am bursting with joy. 我高兴得不得了。同义 broken , exploded knot / nCt / n.(绳等的)结, (树的)节,节(船速,哩小时) v. 打结例 Will you knotthe rope round the post? 你把这根绳子拴在柱子上好吗？反义 unknot/ Qn5nCt / vt. 解开.结子派生 knotted / nCtId /adj. 有节的,多节的,棘手的 emit / i5mit / vt. 1发出,放射2吐露,散发3发表,发行例 The tail exhaust pipe of the motor vehicle emitted poisonous smoke.机动车的尾部排气管排出有毒的浓烟。同义 discharge, ooze；send out, give off派生 emission / i5miFEn / n. (光、热等的)散发,发射,喷射 condense / kEn5dens / v. (使)浓缩,精简例 A long story may be condensed into a few sentences.一个长篇故事可缩写成几句话。同义 compress ,concentrate ,reduce, squeeze反义 expand / iks5pAnd / vt.1使膨胀,扩张2详述vi. 张开,发展派生 condensable / kEn5densEbl / adj. 可压缩(凝缩)的 galaxy/ 5AlEksi / n. 1星系,银河2一群显赫的人,一系列光彩夺目的东西例 a galaxy of entertainers 一群演员 cluster/ 5klQstE / n. 串,丛 vi. 丛生,成群例 The boys and girls clustered together round the camp fire telling stories and singing songs. 孩子们成群地围着营火堆讲着故事唱着歌。同义 batch, bunch, group反义 disperse / dis5pE:s / v. (使)分散, (使)散开,疏散 detector / di5tektE / n. 1发现者；侦察器,探测器,检波器,检电器例 electron detector 电子探测器派生 detect / di5tekt / vt. 察觉,发觉,侦查,探测 v. 发现 plausible / 5plC:zEbl / adj. 似是而非的,似乎合理的；善言能辩的；能说会道的例It is a plausible story 好象是真实的故事同义 believable , logical, reasonable , sensible反义 genuine / 5dVenjuin / adj. 真实的,真正的,诚恳的派生 plausibility/ 9plR:zEbIlEtI / n. 似乎有理,善辩 四、 强化练习1.According to NASA, Hubble played a key role in discovering that a mysterious form of energy called dark energy is acting like a _ gas pedal, accelerating the universes expansion rate. A. elapse B. edible C. comedy D.cosmic2. The_ of the Thanksgiving celebration has never changed through the years. The big family dinner is planned months ahead.A. defect B. pattern C. pile D. deception3. I tried to look over. But my head was too heavy in the position I was in. I got a _of energy and grabbed hold of the bars. I moved my legs.A. decent B. dump C. burst D. dwarf4. Americans are waiting longer to get married, but they shouldnt wait too long: The odds for a happy marriage may favor those who tie the _ between the ages of 23 an