比较级和最高级的用法2页.doc

比较级和最高级的用法一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则1一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est；（1）单音节词如：smallsmallersmallest shortshortershortest talltallertallest greatgreatergreatest（2）双音节词如：clevercleverercleverest narrownarrowernarrowest 2以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st；如：largelargerlargest nicenicernicest ableablerablest3在重读闭音节（即：辅音元音辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；如：bigbiggerbiggest hothotterhottest fatfatterfattest4以“辅音字母y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；如：easyeasiereasiest heavyheavierheaviest busybusierbusiest happyhappierhappiest5其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most；如：beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifuldifferentmore differentmost different easilymore easilymost easily注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。例句：The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.（2）形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 6有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。如：goodbetterbest wellbetterbest badworseworst illworseworst oldolder/elderoldest/eldest many/muchmoremost littlelessleast far further/farther furthest/farthest二、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法1“A + be +形容词比较级+ than + B” 意思为“A比B更”。如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。注意： 在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。在比较级前面使用much，表示程度程度“强得多”。如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. very, quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。2“比较级+ and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越”如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. （春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。）It is getting cooler and cooler.（ 天气越来越凉爽。）The wind became more and more heavily.（ 风变得越来越大。）（Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. ）我们的学校变得越来越美丽。3在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim还是Tom? 4. “the +比较级, the+比较级”，表示“越越”。The more money you make, the more you spend. 钱你赚得越多，花得越多。The sooner，the better. （越快越好。）5.表示倍数的比较级用法：. A is N times the size /height/length/width of B. 如：The new building is three times the height of the old one. 这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高) . A is N times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.如：Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍) . A is N times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.如：Our school is twice bigger than yours. 我们学校比你们学校大两倍。例如：This rope is three times longer than that one.This rope is three times as long as that one.This rope is three times the length of that one.6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最”的意思。句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three, in our class等等。如：He is the tallest in our class. 他在我们班里是最高的。7.否定词语+比较级，否定词语+ so+形容词+ as结构表示最高级含义。Nothing is so easy as this. =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.序数词通常只修饰最高级。如：Africa is the second largest continent. 8.要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother. (对) He is cleverer than his brother. 注意 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。典型错误：My hair is longer than you.（我的头发比你更长。） 比较的两者是我的头发、你（整个人），那么比较的对象就没有可比性。应改为：My hair is longer than yo