在niosII中移植linux系统.doc

移植全过程我们采用的方法，是在windows下进行sopc builder的设计，在linux进行uclinux的内核的编译，以及交叉编译环境的建立。从而产生uClinux的镜像文件（机器码流）。需要准备的文件：A、nios2gcc.tar.bz2(交叉编译环境的linux安装文件，可以是其他格式的)。 B、uclinux-dist20060803（uclinux内核文件，可以是别的版本） C、uclinux-dist20060803-nios2-diff.tar.bz2(目前没有明白为什么要有这个文件，没有还不行)一：交叉编译环境的建立1、把nios2gcc.tar.bz2放在目录：/usr/local/src里面，将nios2gcc.tar.bz2解压进/opt/nios2目录下（这个默认的，不用进行目录操作）rootlocalhostsrc#tar-jxvfnios2gcc.tar.bz2-C/2、设定交叉编译器的路径：rootlocalhostsrc#vi/.bash_profile修改bash_profile的內容如下所示，加上/opt/nios2/bin路径#.bash_profile#Getthealiasesandfunctionsif-f/.bashrc;then./.bashrcfi#UserspecificenvironmentandstartupprogramsPATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/opt/nios2/binexportPATHunsetUSERNAME3、执行下面一条命令，使设置的路径有效rootlocalhostsrc#source/.bash_profile注：这里你可以进行一下测试。看看你的交叉编译环境是否已经建成，也可以略过不做。方法：rootlocalhostsrc#nios2-linux-uclibc-gccvReadingspecsfrom/opt/nios2/lib/gcc/nios2-linux-uclibc/3.4.6/specsConfiguredwith:/root/buildroot/toolchain_build_nios2/gcc-3.4.6/configure-prefix=/opt/nios2-build=i386-pc-linux-gnu-host=i386-pc-linux-gnu-target=nios2-linux-uclibc-enable-languages=c-enable-shared-disable-_cxa_atexit-enable-target-optspace-with-gnu-ld-disable-nls-enable-threads-disable-multilib-enable-cxx-flags=-staticThreadmodel:posixgccversion3.4.6二：编译uclinux内核1、 把uclinux-dist20060803放进/usr/local/src,解压缩。 rootlocalhostsrc#tar-zxvfuClinux-dist-20070130.tar.tar如果你是在linux系统下（意思是指不是虚拟机），硬盘够大的话，就不应该有问题出现。解压缩之后，一般应该接近1.9G大小。2、 给uclinux打补丁 把 Clinux kernel patch for Nios II：uClinux-dist-20070130-nios2-02.7z到/usr/local/src/uClinux-dist。安裝Clinux kernel patch for Nios IIrootlocalhostsrc#cduClinux-distrootlocalhostuClinux-dist#gunzip-cuClinux-dist-20070130-nios2-02.diff.gz|patch-p0出现以下的结果就表明，补丁打成功。patchingfilevendors/Altera/nios2nommu/config.archpatchingfilevendors/Altera/nios2nommu/config.linux-2.6.xpatchingfilelib/libpng/Makefilepatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/include/asm-nios2nommu/ide.hpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/include/linux/elf-em.hpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/usr/Makefilepatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/kernel/vmlinux.lds.Spatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/Kconfigpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/altcf.cpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/pci/Kconfigpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/pci/pci-auto.cpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/pci/pci.cpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/pci/Makefilepatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/spi.cpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/drivers/Makefilepatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/drivers/mtd/maps/altera.cpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/drivers/mtd/maps/Kconfigpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/drivers/net/Kconfigpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/drivers/net/Makefilepatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/drivers/net/dm9ks.cpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/drivers/net/open_eth.cpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/drivers/net/dm9000.cpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/drivers/net/Space.cpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/drivers/net/smc91x.cpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/drivers/net/smc911x.cpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/drivers/net/mtip1000.cpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/drivers/usb/Kconfigpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/drivers/usb/host/Kconfigpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/drivers/usb/host/isp1362-hcd.cpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/drivers/usb/host/Makefilepatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/drivers/usb/host/isp1362.hpatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/drivers/usb/Makefilepatchingfilelinux-2.6.x/drivers/ide/ide.cpatchingfileuser/microwin/src/fonts/X6x13.cpatchingfileuser/microwin/src/demos/nxroach/Makefilepatchingfileuser/microwin/src/demos/nanox/nxterm.cpatchingfileuser/microwin/src/demos/nanox/nterm.cpatchingfileuser/microwin/src/demos/nxkbd/keynum.cpatchingfileuser/microwin/src/demos/nxkbd/keyctrl.cpatchingfileuser/microwin/src/demos/nxkbd/keyshft.cpatchingfileuser/microwin/src/Makefile.rulespatchingfileuser/microwin/src/drivers/kbd_ttyscan.cpatchingfileuser/microwin/src/drivers/scr_fb.cpatchingfileuser/microwin/src/drivers/mou_ser.cpatchingfileuser/ftpd/ftpcmd.cpatchingfileuser/ftpd/Makefile出现的顺序可能不同，出现类似的画面，就应该没有问题。三、进行内核配置（基本都是默认配置） 需要注意的是：里面的每一步，都应该和界面的配置一致。如果有后面make时，有什么error，最好回来仔细检查一下这些默认配置（这些网上找的）。rootlocalhostuClinux-dist#makemenuconfig在Vendor/Product Selection如下設定在Kernel/Library/Defaults Selection如下設定最後選存檔Step 6：將SOPC Builder設定檔system_0.ptf複製到/usr/local/srcStep 7：根據DE2硬體配置設定make filerootlocalhostuClinux-dist#makevendor_hwselect SYSPTF=/usr/local/src/system_0.ptf最後會有選擇動作，分別選擇 1 (CPU_0)，1 (cfi_flash_0)，2 (sdram)。-PleaseselectwhichCPUyouwishtobuildthekernelagainst:(1)cpu_0-Class:altera_nios2Type:fVersion:7.071Selection:1-Pleaseselectadevicetouploadthekernelto:(1)cfi_flash_0Class:altera_avalon_cfi_flashSize:4194304bytesSelection:1-Pleaseselectadevicetoexecutekernelfrom:(1)sram_0Class:sram_16bit_512kSize:524288bytes(2)sdram_0Class:altera_avalon_new_sdram_controllerSize:8388608bytes(3)epcs_controllerClass:altera_avalon_epcs_flash_controllerSize:2048bytesSelection:2最後成功的結果如下所示-SummaryusingPTF:/usr/local/src/system_0.ptfCPU:cpu_0Devicetouploadto:cfi_flash_0Programmemorytoexecutefrom:sdram_0-Settingswrittento/usr/local/src/uClinux-dist/linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/hardware.mkmake3:Leavingdirectory/usr/local/src/uClinux-dist/linux-2.6.xmake2:Leavingdirectory/usr/local/src/uClinux-dist/vendors/Altera/nios2nommumake1:Leavingdirectory/usr/local/src/uClinux-dist/vendorsStep 8：建立romfs資料夾，過程會有錯誤訊息，可忽略。rootlocalhostuClinux-dist#makeromfsStep 9：編譯Clinux核心rootlocalhostuClinux-dist#makeStep 10：產生imagerootlocalhostuClinux-dist#make linux image最後會在/usr/local/src/uClinux-dist/linux-2.6.x/arch/nios2nommu/boot/下找到zImage注意：zImage文件是make时，就已经产生，那个只是一个初步的，没有bootloader的文件，如果你想使你的uClinux在硬件上运行，必须进行make linux image这条命令，从而加上bootloader。四：将uClinux写入硬件1、 把你的.ptf文件对应的.sof文件和生成的镜像文件zImage一起放在altera72nios2edsexamples下。2、 启动altera的command shell。开始-程序-altera-nios2 EDS-mand shell3、 先进行硬件配置（注意必须先在quartus中把.sof文件烧进去） SOPCBuilder$nios2-configure-sofDE2_NIOS.sof执行结果：SearchingforSOFfile:in.DE2_NIOS.sofInfo:*Info:RunningQuartusIIProgrammerInfo:Command:quartus_pgm-no_banner-mode=jtag-op;DE2_NIOS.sofInfo:UsingprogrammingcableUSB-BlasterUSB-0Info:StartedProgrammeroperationatMonJun0903:01:452008Info:Configuringdeviceindex1Info:Device1containsJTAGIDcode0x020B40DDInfo:Configurationsucceeded-1device(s)configuredInfo:Successfullyperformedoperation(s)Info:EndedProgrammeroperationatMonJun0903:01:462008Info:QuartusIIProgrammerwassuccessful.0errors,0warningsInfo:Allocated54megabytesofmemoryduringprocessingInfo:Processingended:MonJun0903:01:462008Info:Elapsedtime:00:00:024、 把zImage下到sdram里面 SOPCBuilder$nios2-download -g zImage执行的结果：UsingcableUSB-BlasterUSB-0,device1,instance0x00Pausingtargetprocessor:OKInitializingCPUcache(ifpresent)OKDownloaded1197KBin14.4s(83.1KB/s)VerifiedOKStartingprocessorataddress0x00D000005、 启动uClinux SOPCBuilder$nios2-terminal执行结果：UncompressingLinuxOk,bootingthekernel.Linuxversion2.6.19-uc1(rootlocalhost.localdomain)(gccversion3.4.6)#2PREMPTSunJun823:28:30CST2008uClinux/NiosIIAlteraNiosIIsupport(C)2004MicrotronixDatacomLtd.Built1zonelists.Totalpages:2032Kernelcommandline:PIDhashtableentries:32(order:5,128bytes)Dentrycachehashtableentries:1024(order:0,4096bytes)Inode-cachehashtableentries:1024(order:0,4096bytes)Memoryavailable:5956k/8192kRAM,0k/0kROM(1465kkernelcode,680kdata)Mount-cachehashtableentries:512NET:Registeredprotocolfamily16NET:Registeredprotocolfamily2IProutecachehashtableentries:1024(order:0,4096bytes)TCPestablishedhashtableentries:1024(order:0,4096bytes)TCPbindhashtableentries:1024(order:0,4096bytes)TCP:Hashtablesconfigured(established1024bind1024)TCPrenoregisteredioschedulernoopregisteredioschedulerdeadlineregistered(default)Ser