chapter10英语翻译方法.ppt

吴宜涛 2013/5,Chapter 10 Negation,Contents,否定转移 否定形式译成肯定形式 肯定形式译成否定形式,Sometimes the difference between Chinese and English is so great that the Eastern and Western people think and speak just in the opposite way. What is affirmative in one language may be expressed negatively by another, or vice versa. In translation, negation means the formal conversion from the affirmative into the negative or vice versa, which is one of the translation techniques.,正说(affirmation)和反说(negation)是指在英语句子中是否使用了no，not或者带有de-,dis-,im-,in-,un-,-less等含有否定意义的前后缀的词语，在汉语译文中是否使用了诸如“无”、“非”、“不”、“没（有）”、“未”、“否”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“勿”、“毋”等表示否定意义的标记以及是否使用了有这些字组成的词语，如“决不”、“毫无”、“否则”、“并非”、“没有”、“未尝”等。,Transfer of the Negative from the Main Clause to the Subordinate That-Clause I dont think Father will fancy living an idle life like that. 我想爸爸不会喜欢过那样清闲的生活。,Not all verbs in the semantic field of belief, uncertainty, etc., take transferred negation. It is notable, for example, that negation cannot be transferred from verbs like “assume”, “surmise”, and “presume”. I cant assume that he came. 我不能假定他来了。 I assume that he couldnt come. 我猜想他不能来。,正说（affirmation）和反说（negation）之间的转换是一种陈述方式的转换。其基本作用机制是英语和汉语在概念命名、话题表述、情态表达、强调分布时的角度、侧重面（dimension）、着眼点及特征选择或描摹方式（characterization）等方面的差异。 比如，英语中self-service bookstand为正说式，其着眼点是主观行为过程，而汉语中“无人售书处”，为反说式，其着眼点是对客观现状的描述。 在译文中采用正说或者反说均是根据目的语的语言特点，使译文更加符合目的语的表达习惯。,将肯定式与否定式进行转换可能导致情态色彩的改变。一般说来，正说是一种认可式、无异议的陈述，语气是肯定的、平铺直叙的；反说是从反面进行陈述，有时可以获得较婉转、较灵活的认定效果，因而具有余味或弦外之音。 We are quite ignorant of what he has in mind. 我们一点也不知道他心里在想什么。 And that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth. 这个归人民所有、由人民管理、为人民服务的政府将永世长存。 He killed all the chicken infected with the bird flu without exception. 他把感染了禽流感的鸡一只只全都杀光了/斩尽杀绝了。 他把感染了禽流感的鸡一只不留地杀了。,Conversion the Negative into the Affirmative disorder 混乱 carelessness 疏忽/粗心大意 illiterate 文盲 All the employees strongly disapprove of the companys new policy. 所有雇员都强烈反对公司的新政策。,The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanation. 虽然他一再解释，但疑团依然存在。 We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 我们对生活要永远抱乐观态度。 Dont draw your conclusion before the end of the year. 到年底再下结论吧。 He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. 他这种人办事优柔寡断，而且总是出尔反尔。,His arrogance displeased everyone present at the conference. 他的傲慢态度使得参加会议的所有的人都感到气愤。 We were waiting for the ending of the meeting with impatience. 我们当时正焦急地等待着会议结束。 At least he was indirectly responsible for the accident. 他对这次事故至少负有间接责任。,Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. 成功者敢于独立思考，敢于运用自己的知识。 He thought, not very vividly, of his father and mother. 他隐隐约约地想起了自己的爸爸和妈妈。 The United Nations Organization has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it. 到目前为止，联合国组织已经辜负了全世界人民对它所寄予的希望。,No refunds or exchanges without complete factory packing and sales slip. 商品退换须有完整包装并出示发票。 If you need any further help, please dont hesitate to contact us. 如需帮忙，请随时与我们联系。,Conversion of the Affirmative into the Negative A frost-free refrigerator 无霜冰箱 Admission by Invitation Only. 非请莫入 Adults only. 少儿不宜 Keep Upright! 切勿倒置 Inflammableskeep away from fire. 易燃物品，切勿近火,Keep off the lawn! 请勿践踏草坪！ Wet paint! 油漆未干！ Agreeable Sweetness. 甜而不腻 以上均为因表达习惯的需要而进行的正说反译。,He fails to make the reader understand the verse. 他不能 / 没有使读者理解这首诗。 原文中的动词fail本身具有否定意义。 英语中像这样的动词有deny, neglect, refuse, lack, exclude, ignore, miss, withhold, cease, escape, refrain from, keep.from等; 名词有absense, vacancy, deprivation, exclusion, neglect, failure, ignorance, refusal等; 形容词或形容词短语有absent, afraid of, different, difficult, far from, few, free from, ignorant of, little, safe from, short of等;,介词或介词短语有above, against, below, beyond, but, except, off, past, under, without, apart from, at a loss等； 连词有before, or, rather.than, unless等； 副词或副词短语有barely, hardly, little, otherwise, rarely, scarcely, seldom, too.to等。 在将含有这些否定意义词汇的句子翻译成汉语时，可以将它们翻译成汉语中的否定句式，即原文正说，译文反说。,I think that you are missing the point here. 我觉得在这一点上你们没有抓住问题的本质。 Please keep your brother from playing on the road. 请不要让你的弟弟在马路上玩耍。 The governmet official was removed from his office because of his neglect of duty. 那位政府官员因玩忽职守而被撤销了职务。,英语中有一些词语、短语，往往为习惯用语或具有引申义，其意义是否定的。 Catch me making the same error again. 我绝不会再犯同样的错误！ I dare him to j