英语听力入门第二册第二单元.doc

Unit 2Part 1AKey wordsLanguageDialoguesDialects：A regional variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary, especially a variety of speech differing from the standard literary language or speech pattern of the culture in which it exists: 地方话, 语音、语法或词汇均有区别的地区性语言变体，特别是存在于标准文学语言或文化口语模式的口语变体：Cockney is a dialect of English.伦敦方言是英语中的地区性语言A variety of language that with other varieties constitutes a single language of which no single variety is standard: 方言所有这些变体会在一起组成一种单一的语言，而其中任一变体均不是标准的：the dialects of Ancient Greek.古希腊方言The language peculiar to an occupational group or a particular social class; jargon: 某一职业（或集团）人员的用语一个专业集团或特定的社会阶级特有的语言；行话：the dialect of science.科学术语The manner or style of expressing oneself in language or the arts. 语调用语言或艺术表达自己的方式或风格A language considered as part of a larger family of languages or a linguistic branch: 语支作为较大语系一部分的语言或者是一种语言分支：Spanish and French are Romance dialects.西班牙语和法语是拉丁语中的一支Official languageVocabularydisc: diskSomalia索马里A country of extreme eastern Africa on the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean. Arab and Persian traders first established outposts in the region between the seventh and tenth centuries. The present state was formed in 1960 from colonies previously held by Italy and Great Britain. Mogadishu is the capital and the largest city. Population, 3,645,000. 索马里非洲最东部的一个国家，临亚丁湾和印度洋。从7世纪至10世纪之间，阿拉伯及波斯商贸者首先在这个地区建立了基地。今天的索马里成立于1960年，在此之前它是由意大利和大不列颠占领的殖民地。首都摩加迪沙，是全国最大的城市。人口3,645,000TAPESCRIPT1. 2, 700 languages / 7, 000 dialects / regional/ pronunciation 2. official language 3. One billion / 20 percent4. Four hundred million / first/ 600 million / second / foreign5. 500, 000 words / Eighty percent /other 6. Eighty percent / computers7. African country / same 8. 1, 000 / Africa9. spaceship / 1997 / 55 / message / the United NationsB.Key wordslearning stylesense意思，意义感觉；知觉；感知He has a good sense of smell.他的嗅觉很灵敏。A sense of humour is a great asset for a person. (喻)幽默感是一个人的宝贵资产。理解力；鉴赏力；辨识力a good business sense有经济头脑A driver has a good sense / bump of locality.司机对于方位有很强的辨识力。观念；意识；意念见识，见地；判断力(pl) 理智；神智；思维的 能力Have you taken lost your senses?你失去理智了吗？hearing learnersvisual learnerstactile learnersVocabulary visual看到的visual knowledge of a place对一个地方的实地观察形象化的visual arts视觉艺术视觉的；视力的tactileadj.有触觉的a tactile sensation触觉触觉的，与触觉有关的a tactile organ触觉器官a tactile anesthesia触觉缺失1. Different people have different ways of learning.2. We call this your “learning style” and its based on your senses. 3. To learn , you need to use your different senses hearing, seeing, touching, etc., to bring information to your brain. 4. Now, most people use one of their senses more than the others. 5. Some people learn best by listening. 6. They are called hearing learners. 7. And others learn best by reading or looking at pictures. 8. They are called visual learners. 9. And some learn best by touching and doing things. 10. They are called tactile learners.11. Now, scientists dont know why people use one sense more than the others.12. Maybe the sense they use most just works best for them.C. Key wordslanguage learning stylesanalytical分析的, 解析的communicative analyticalauthority-oriented concrete具体的；实在的；有形的Beauty is not concrete but a door is.美丽不是具体物，但门是。Have you any concrete suggestions on how to deal with these difficulties? (喻)对怎样解决这些困难,你有没有什么具体建议?确定的；清楚的混凝土， 三合土； 凝结物reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土concrete mixer混凝土搅拌机vocabulary identify认出；识别；鉴定The markings are so blurred that it is difficult to identify.标记模糊不清，难以识别。I identified the jacket at once; it was my brothers.我立即认出了那件外套,它是我兄弟的。（与with连用）认为同一He identifies beauty with goodness.他认为美与善是一致的。（与with连用）与有关系That politician is too closely identified with the former government to become a minister in ours.那位政客被认为与上届政府关系过于密切,不能成为本届政府里的部长。（常与with连用）同情；理解She identified with foreign workers.她同情并理解外籍工人。Reading this book, we can identify with the main characters struggle against evil.读了这本书,我们会对主人翁反对邪恶的斗争寄予同情。认出; 识别; 鉴别; 验明认为与.有关系; 参与;【生】确定.在分类学上的位置; 给.做出标志identify the payee of a cheque验明支票的受款人identify handwriting鉴定笔迹The porters may be-fied by their red caps.从他们戴的红帽子就可辨认出他们是行李搬运工。Never identify opinions with facts.永远不要把意见混同于事实。That politician is closely-fied with the former government.据认为那位政治家与前政府有非常密切的关系。analyticalorientedorient oneself表明态度The building is oriented south and north.这座楼房坐北朝南。I havent been able to orient my ideas to the new conditions.我还未能使自己的观点适应新情况。adj.以.为方向目的的, 面向的concrete具体的；实在的；有形的Beauty is not concrete but a door is.美丽不是具体物，但门是。Have you any concrete suggestions on how to deal with these difficulties? (喻)对怎样解决这些困难,你有没有什么具体建议?用混凝土修筑concrete a road用水泥铺路Now listen to another talk about language learning styles.1. a2. c3. d4. bexclusive排外的, 孤高的, 唯我独尊的, 独占的, 唯一的, 高级的专有的；独占的This bathroom is for your exclusive use.这浴室归你专用。This dining room is for the distinguished guests exclusive use.这间餐室是供贵宾专用的。Tapescript:All right, class. Today were going to be looking at different language styeles. You maybe surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types”- the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to lerarn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to learn by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, by takling in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authoriety-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, its unusual for a person to be exclusively on “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?part 2unwillingness to make mistakerely on依靠；依赖rely on ones own efforts依靠自己的努力信任；信赖You may rely on me.你可以信赖我。依靠依赖于支撑、帮助或供应：relies on her parents for tuition.她的学费依赖于父母To place or have faith or confidence: 指望以对有信心或信仰：relied on them to tell him the truth.他指望他们来告诉他真相都含“信赖”的意思。rely 指“在过去经验的基础上, 依赖、相信某人或某事物, 希望从中得到支持或帮助”, 如:He can be relied on to keep secret.相信他能保密。depend 指“出于信赖而依靠他人或他物, 以取得其支持或帮助, 这种信赖可能有过去的经验或了解为根据, 也可能没有”, 如:He can depend on his wife for sympathy.他相信妻子会同情他。relier n rely trust depend reckonThese verbs share the meaning “to place or have faith or confidence in someone or something.” Relyimplies complete confidence: “You are the only woman I can rely on to be interested in her”(John Galsworthy). Trust stresses confidence arising from belief that is often based on inconclusive evidence: “你是我唯一指望对她有兴趣的女人”（约翰加尔斯沃塞）。 Trust常强调基于没有说服力的证据的信仰产生的信心：We must try to trust one another. Stay and cooperate(Jomo Kenyatta). “我们必须试图相互信任。留下来并且相互合作”（约莫肯亚塔）。I dont think I could trust myself to speak to him about it(Booth Tarkington). “我认为我不能对他谈论这件事”（布施塔金顿）。Prepare yourself thoroughly for the performance; then trust in your talent to carry you through. Dependimplies confidence in the help or support of another: 为演出作好充分的准备；然后相信自己的才华能克服一切困难。Depend意味着对另一个人的帮助或支持有信心：Synthetic fuels should be developed; 应该发展合成燃料；it is foolhardy to depend on Middle Eastern countries for our oil supplies. Reckonimplies a sense of confident expectancy: 把我们的石油供应都依赖于中东国家是鲁莽的。Reckon指有自信的期望：He reckons on finding a woman as big a fool as himself(George Meredith).“他期望发现一个和他一样傻的女人”（乔治梅雷蒂斯）信任, 信赖(on, upon)rely on ones own efforts依靠自已的努力readVocabularypeep（常与at, in, out, into连用）偷看；窥视I peeped through the window to see if she was there.我从窗子看了看她是否在那里。（常与out连用）露出；慢慢出现The moon peeped out from behind the clouds.月亮从云层中隐约出现。invariably不变地，总是All things invariably divide into two.事物都是一分为二的。Its invariably wet when I take my holidays.我度假时总是下雨,不曾有过例外。stick ones neck out： to take a risk; say or do sth that may fail, be wrong, or harm one.off ones own bat: through ones own efforts; without being told to= do something without others helpcirclespade heart diamond clube A. Before you listen to the conversation,B. Now listen to the conversation in which a teacher described the sort of things a good student or a bad student does or does not do in the classroom.A good studentA bad studentMake mistakesEvery new thingThe languageworking outside the classroompassivethe teacherstick his neck outmore likely to be right than himselfTapescript:A: Well what I wanted to ask really was youre a teacher, been teaching for some years now, erm, what would you say, how would you describe a good student or a bad sutdent, you know, sort of things they do or dont do in the classroom?B: Erm, well, a good student is usually one whos not afraid to make mistakes, Id say.A: Uh huh.B: And hes, er, eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a strucutre or a function or a new word, erm, he immediatley starts trying to use it.A: Yeah, all right.B: And hes interested in the mistakes he makes, hes not afraid to make them.A: So hes not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?B: No, no, no. He, he plays with the language. A bad student, on the other hand, will perhaps say “Ok Ive done this chapter I know this,” without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.A: Ahha, ahha.B: Hes usually passive, he wont speak up much in the calssroom. Hell very rarely ask you why this and why not something else.A: Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesnt do anything more with it.B: Thats right and in a test hes the one person whos likely to suddenly realize that, er yes, he wasnt too sure about that after all.A: Yeah.B: And peep over at the er at his neighbours paper.A: Oh yes, an alternative learning strategy.B: Right, and he invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. I think thats the result of ,er, this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.A: Mm, right, yeah. Er, anything else?B: Er A: That characterizes the good or bad learner?B: Er, mm, the bad learner is, wait a minute er, the good learner is erm, well, I think hell do more off his own bat as well, he wont rely entirely on the teacher.A: Mm hm.B: Hell read, hell read books.A: Mm, so work outside the classroom as well as in it.B: Yes, yeah.A: Yeah, yeah.B: Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part 3Hodgepodge hdpdn. 混煮，杂烩菜 =hotchpotcha motley assortment of things同义词：odds and ends, oddments, melange, farrago, ragbag, mishmash, mingle-mangle, hotchpotchVariety vraitin. 多样，种类，杂耍a collection containing a variety of sorts of things同义词：assortment, mixture, mixed bag, miscellanySpring up跳起，发生，萌芽，出现come into existence; take on form or shape(in this context) jumping from the ground suddenly同义词：originate, arise, rise, develop, uprise, growAviation .eivieinn. 航空，飞机制造业Stem from 来源于 result frombaffleTo cause to have difficuly in understanding and confuse so much that effective action is impossing.To frustrate or check (a person) as by confusing or perplexing; stymie.使困惑，使为难：用混淆或困惑的方法迷惑或阻止（某人）；使处于困境To impede the force or movement of.阻碍：阻止的作用或运动使困惑；难倒The examination question baffled me completely and I couldnt answer it.考试题完全把我难住了，我答不上来。n.（名词）A usually static device that regulates the flow of a fluid or light.折流板：一种通常是静态的用来调节液体或光线流量的装置A partition that prevents interference between sound waves in a loudspeaker.隔音板：在扩音器中防止声波相互干扰的隔离装置prestigeGeneral respect or admiration felt for something because it has high quality, social influence, success, etc.The level of respect at which one is regarded by others; standing.声望：被他人尊敬的程度；身份，名声A persons high standing among others; honor or esteem.威望：在其它人中所具有的崇高名望；尊重或敬佩Widely recognized prominence, distinction, or importance:有影响的：得到广泛承认的卓越，非凡，或重要：a position of prestige in diplomatic circles.在外交界具有重要的一席之地n.attributive.（定语名词）Often used to modify another noun:通常用来修饰另一名词：a prestige address; the prestige groups in society.富有魅力的演说；社会中的名人圈evolveTo develop gradually by a long continuous processTo develop or achieve gradually:使发展：逐渐发展或完成：(使)进化evolve a style of ones own.逐渐形成了自己的风格发展The British present political system has evolved over several centuries.英国的现行政治制度是经过几个世纪逐步发展而成的。The developmental history of the society tells us that man has evolved from the ape.社会发展史告诉我们人是从类人猿进化来的。poseTo be the cause of something (difficult to deal with)提出；陈述to pose an argument提出议论造成，形成（问题）to pose an obstacle to成为障碍SlangLanguage not suitable for formal use; words and expressions often short-lived or particular to a certain groupA kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech, made up typically of short-lived coinages and figures of speech that are deliberately used in place of standard terms for added raciness, humor, irreverence, or other effect.俚语：主要出现在非正式的、游戏性的话语中的一种语言，基本由存在时间很短的派生词和修辞构成，它们被故意地用来取代标准的词语以达到生动、幽默、无礼或其它效果Language peculiar to a group; argot or jargon:行话：某一组织所特有的语言；隐语或术语：thieves slang.小偷们的黑话Anglo-Saxon地道的英国人盎格鲁撒克逊人盎格鲁撒克逊语A member of one of the Germanic peoples, the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes, who settled in Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries.盎格鲁-撒克逊人：日耳曼民族，盎格鲁人，撒克逊人和朱特人的一支，5世纪和6世纪居住在英国Any of the descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, who were dominant in England until the Norman Conquest of 1066.盎格鲁-撒克逊人后裔：盎格鲁-撒克逊人的后裔，1066年诺曼底征服之前在英国居主要地位See Old English参见 Old EnglishA person of English ancestry.英国血统的人adj.（形容词）Of, relating to, or characteristic of Anglo-Saxons, their descendants, or their language or culture; English.盎格鲁-撒克逊的：是或有关盎格鲁-撒克逊人及其后裔或语言、文化的，或有其特征的；英国人Professor Lingo of Chimo UniversityA. Listen to an interview talking on some facts about English.Things that makes English difficult to learnvocabularyidiomshodgepodgeFrench Anglo-SaxonGreek & LatinFrenchGermanicspellingidiomsvocabularyFrenchspellingpronunciationB. Now listen again. Decide whether the statements are true or false.1. F2. T3. FQUESTION for discussion1. do you agree that English will eventually be the language? If not, which language do you think will be?2. From your experience, what is particularly difficult to learn about English?TAPESCRIPTI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, Professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: Professor, I understand that teaching English is beconing “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere. I: Why is that?P: With the move towards a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult