英语五大基本句式解析韩红云.doc

2013年新高一初高中英语衔接英语五大基本句式解析英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：S十V主谓结构 S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构说明：S主语；V谓语；P表语；O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语；C宾语补足语看一看记一记1S十V句式在此句式中，V是不及物动词， (vi).例如:appear, die, disappear, laugh,fall happen ,come, go,last,rise,come out,run out,break out,die out,take on, etc.He runs quickly.They listened carefully.The fire happened during the night.The gas has run out煤气用完了。5 He came back when we were eating6Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake， but strong ones may stay up巩固练习1：1她昨天回家很晚。 _2会议将持续两个小时。 _3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大._42013年，在雅安爆发了大地震。_5每天八时开始上课。 _2S十linkV十P句式本结构是由主语系动词表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有：1表示特征和存在状态的：be， seem， feel， appear， look， smell， taste， sound；2表示状态延续的：remain， stay， keep， continue， stand；3表示状态变化的：become， get， turn， go， run， fall， come， grow；将下面表语画线,想一想什么可做表语? 1.He is older than he looks2.He seems interested in the book3.My father remained a worker forty years later.4.The flowers smell sweet and nice5.You will turn engineer in ten years .6.He stood quite still他静静地站着。7.The boys dream is to become an engineer . 8.The question is whether we will have our sports meet next week. 9.The bookstore is next to the post-office.10.The news that our city will hold 2013 Miss Tourism World Finals in China is exciting.巩固练习2：1冬季白天短，夜晚长._2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 _3孩子们很少保持安静。 _4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。_5他失业了。_3S十V十O句式本结构是由主语及物的谓语动词宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如：1 Tom made a hole in the wall2 I dont know if he can come tomorrow3 They havent decided where to go next4 She stopped teaching English two years ago5 Mother promises to give me a present在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt)，因此有宾语。常见的宾语有名词,代词,不定时,动名词,宾语从句等 *有些动词只要求动词+-ing作宾语, 这类动词有:admit, advise, advocate(提倡), allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, endure(忍受), enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, permit, prevent, quit, regret, require, resist(抵抗), risk, stop, suggest, understand, cant help (couldnt help), stand oppose等,请找出下列句子的宾语成分. I couldnt help feeling proud of our country. Someone suggested organizing an outing to the Western Hills.*某些动词词组也要求动词+-ing作宾语, 例如:give up, leave off, put off (注: 这些动词短语均为动词+副词结构)以及be accustomed to, be used to, be opposed to, be devoted to, feel like,look forward to, object to turn to,adapt to等。请找出下列句子的宾语成分.1.Mr. Smith gave up smoking according to his doctors advice.2. Do you feel like having a walk with us in the woods by the sea?3.Some people in the rich world are opposed to doing business with poor countries.*有些动词后面可以跟动词不定式作宾语, 这类动词有: afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, assist, attempt, (cant) bear, beg, begin, bother, choose, claim, continue, dare, decide, demand, deserve, desire, determine, dislike, endeavour, expect, fail, fear, forget, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, long, love, manage, mean ,need, neglect, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, regret, remember, require, seek, start, strive, swear, tend, think, threaten, try, undertake, want, wish 等。请找出下列句子的宾语成分.Dont hesitate to ask me questions if you dont understand.Philip politely pretended not to have heard this remark.巩固练习3：1昨晚我写了一封信。 _2今天下午我想同你谈谈。_3这本书他读过多次了。 _4他们成功地完成了计划。_5.那先生能流利地说三种语言。_ 4S十V十O1十O2句式在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。例如：1.He gave me a book/a book to me他给我一本书。2.He brought me a pen/a pen to me他带给我一枝钢笔。来源：考试大3.He offered me his seat/his seat to me他把座位让给我。注意下边动词改写后介词的变化,用for：常见的此类词有:buy, choose, draw ,find ,fetch ,make, cook, spare, etc.4.Mother bought me a book/a book for me.妈妈给我买了一本书。来源：考试大5.He got me a chair/a chair for me他给我弄了一把椅子。注意:下边动词只有一种说法：1.They robbed the old man of his money他们抢了老人的钱。.The doctor has cured him of his disease医生治好了他的病。巩固练习4：1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 _2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。_3请把那本字典递给我好吗? _4他把车票给列车员看。 _5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗? _5S十V十O十C句式说明： 此结构由“主语及物的谓语动词宾语宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：The sun keeps us warmI heard him singingYou must get your hair cutThey made Tom monitorHe used to do his homework with his radio on*用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语谓语it宾补真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。在此句型中的动词，叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词，在英语中，这样的动词也不多。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的，宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式，因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。将下面宾语补足语画线,想一想什么可做宾语补足语?1.He found his new job boring.(_做宾补)2.The called their daughter Mary.(_做宾补)3.This placed her in a very difficult position.(_做宾补)4.We went to her house but found her out.(_做宾补)5.What do you advise me to do？(_做宾补)6.We thought him to be an honest man.(_做宾补)7.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(_做宾补)8.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的_做宾补)9.Did you notice him come in？(_做宾补)10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(_做宾补)11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(_做宾补)* 在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等。这类动词后的不定式通常是to be+形容词或名词结构，think, consider, find后的to be常可省略。 1. We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 我们认为他是一个好老师。 2. He proved that theory (to be) very important. 他证明那个理论是很重要的。 3. I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her. 我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好，很诚实。 * 在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect等。1).Id prefer you to leave him alone. 我希望你不要打扰他。 2).I dont want there to be any trouble. 我不想有任何麻烦。 * hope, demand, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。* 不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，direct，encourage，expect，forbid(禁止)force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，teach，tell，want，warn 等。例如: 1.They forbade her to leave the country.他们禁止她离开那个地方. .Please remind me not to be late for the meeting.请提醒我不要开会迟到.*后接的一些特殊动词不定式做宾语补足语省略不定式符号to的特殊动词.一些动词要掌握have,let 和make, 此三动词是使役,主意观察听到see,还有feel和watch,使用他们要仔细,后接宾补略去to,此点千万要牢记.除此之外,还可以掌握八字言：一感feel二听listen to,hear三让have,let,make四看see,look at,observe,watch巩固练习5：1我们叫她Alice _2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。_3他们把小偷释放了。 _4我要你把真相告诉我。_5. 卫兵命令我们立即离开。_6妈妈每天让我练练习弹钢琴两小时。_练一练 想一想1.China_(属于) the third world country(belong ).My ink _(用完了)(run)3.He has suddenly _(病倒了)(fall)4.He _(当了教师) when he grows up(become)5. They_(建了)a factory in the village recently(put)6.He_me _(已经警告)the danger.(warn) 7 It is of no use _(争辩)about it because he will never change his mind.(argue)8.They dont allow_(吵闹) in the classroom building.(make)9.I saw him_(进来) and go out(come)10.A child was seen_(进入) the building.(enter)11.My advisor _( 鼓励我上)a summer course to improve my writing skills.(encourage)12.He didnt wish the subject _(提到)in the letter.(mention)13.Id like this room_(重装饰)(redecorate)14. I consider him _(是最好的学生)15. I found him _(坐在的前面) the classroom, listening to his teacher attentively. (seat).16. How I wish I _ (没有告诉) Annie the bad news the other day. (tell)17.The headmaster suggested that the meeting _(推迟)till Sunday.(put)18.He believed her _(正在说谎).(tell)19.I couldnt help _(感到骄傲) our country.(proud)20.We can try_(试着解决问题)in other ways.(solve)21.Will you _(把你的票给我看一下),please?(show)22.At weekends,Nancy enjoys_(读书) at home.(read)23.She is always forgetting_(给我) my letter.(give)24.It often rains here.Youd better_(带上雨伞) with you.(take)25.My cousin is used to_(和他的新朋友一起学习)with his new friends in Australia.(study)译一译 背一背1. 这是如此好的一个学校以至于我很喜欢它。_2.俗话说的好，入乡随俗。 _3.就象造房子一样，学习英语需要时间。_4.我们必须工作，最重要的是我们必须相信自己。_5.我们必须相信我们每个人都能做好某样事情，我们必须相信当我们发现这个东西是什么时，我们必须努力直到成功。We must believe _ each one of us is able to do sth. well, and _ when we discover _ this something is, we must work hard at it until we _.译一译 背一背1.It is such a good school that I like it very much.2.As the saying/proverb goes, when in Rome, do as the Romans do. 3.Like building a house, learning English takes some time.4.We must work, and above all we must believe in ourselves.5.We must believe that each one of us is able to do sth. well, and that when we discover what this something is, we must work hard at it until we succeed.英语基本句型练习答案 巩固练习答案1：1 She went home very late yesterday evening2 The meeting will last two hours3 Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years4 A big earthquake broke out in Yaan in 2013.5 Classes begin at eight every day巩固练习答案21In winter， the days are short and the nights are long2At the age of fifteen， he became a famous pianist3Children seldom keep quiet4Her job is to look after the children in the nursery5He is out of work巩固练习答案3： 1I wrote a letter last night2.I want to talk with you this afternoon3 He has read this book many times4 They have carried out the plan su