2011高考英语语法复习-状语从句.doc

状语从句状语从句在历年来的高考试题中也是一个测试的热点项目。对于这一语法项目，应该重点把握以下内容：一、状语从句的分类及引导各类状语从句的从属连词：1 时间状语从句：表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment，the minute), by the time, no sooner . than, hardly (scarcely) . when, every time等引导。2. 原因状语从句：原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词有because, since, as, for,有时候也用 now that（既然），seeing that（既然）, considering that(照来看), in that（因为） 等。Now that you have finished the work, you are free to do whatever you like.3. 地点状语从句：引导地点状语从句的连词有where，wherever等。如：Sit wherever you like. / Make a mark where you have a question.4. 目的状语从句：引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so，so that, in order that， in case / for fear that（以防，以免），lest（以防）等，目的状语从句中的谓语动词前常带有情态动词。如：Speak clearly, so that / in order that they may understand you. The farmers put up iron fences around the flower garden for fear that the neighbors sheep (would) break in.5. 结果状语从句：结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that （以致于）, so . that, such . that等引导。如：She was ill, so that she didnt attend the meeting.21世纪教育网He was so excited that he could not say a word. 6. 条件状语从句：条件状语从句分真实性和非真实性条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that（只要）, if only (要是就好了), suppose / supposing（that）(假使)，provided (that)(如果的话，只要)等。如：You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.Supposing / Suppose he is out, what shall we do?I will lend the money to you provided (that) you return it next week.注意：条件状语从句中的if 不能用whether替换。7. 让步状语从句：让步状语从句可由although,though, as（尽管）, even if (though), whether . or, no matter + wh- (=whenever, whatever, .) 等引导。如： Child as he is, he knows a lot.Whether we beat them or they beat us, the match will be enjoyable.8. 方式状语从句：方式状语从句常由(just) as, as if (though), the way, rather than 等引导。如：You must do the exercise (just) as I show you. He acted as if nothing had happened.She treated the child the way his mother did.9. 比较状语从句：比较状语从句常用than, (not) so / as . as, the more . the more等引导。如：I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.21世纪教育网二、使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题：1. 在时间和条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用现在完成时表示将来完成时。如：Well go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow.You will get paid as soon as you have finished your work. 2. 有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be，那么从句中的“主语 + be”部分可省略。如：When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.来源:21世纪教育网If (you are) asked, you may come in. If (it is) necessary / possible . Ill explain it to you again.3. 注意区分不同的从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。因为大多数的连词能引导状语从句、定语从句和名词词性从句。4. 使用了从属连词引导状语从句时，主句部分的前面不可以再使用并列连词。也就是说，从属连词和并列连词不能同时出现在一个句子中。如：Because he was ill, so he didnt come to school yesterday. (误)Because he was ill, he didnt come to school yesterday. (正)5. 由其它词转化来的从属连词（常见的有the moment, each (every) time, immediately, the minute 等）也常用来引导状语从句。如：He set out to work the moment he got to the office.She would buy something for my son each time she came to see me.三、注意同一个从属连词的多义性：1 when可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”；还可引导条件状语，意为“在的情况下”；还可引导比较状语，常译为“本应该（做某事），可/而/却”。 此外，when还可用作并列连词，意为“就在那时”。如：When I read the play, I cant help thinking of Cyril. (当的时候)How did you get there on time when you left here so late? (在的情况下)We were carrying on a strike when we ought to have been making a revolution. (本应该做某事，可/而/却)I was just coming along to see you when I ran into Wilson. (就在那时)2. while可用来引导时间状语，意为“当的时候”；也可用来引导让步状语，意为“尽管，虽然”；还可表示条件，意为“既然”。此外，while还可用作并列连词，连接两个并列句，表对比或比较，意为“然而，可是”。如：While I was doing my lessons in my room, I heard a knock on the door. (当的时候)While we dont agree we continue to be friends. (尽管，虽然)Id like to get the problem settled today while we are at it. (既然)Some people waste food while others haventenough. (然而，可是)3. as可用来引导时间状语，意为“当的时候”；也可用来引导表示原因的状语从句，意为“因为”；还可用来引导表示让步的状语从句（通常用倒装结构）意为“尽管”。如：She sang as she walked home all the way. (当的时候)As she is free today, she would like to do some shopping. （因为）Tired as he was, he refused to take a rest. （尽管） 四、几组常用的连词的用法比较：1. when, while, as这三个连词都可表示“当的时候”，使用时应注意：1) when可表示一个时间点，也可表示一个时间段。如：When he came in, we were having supper.When we were having supper, the light suddenly went out.2) while则只表示一个时间段。它所引导的时间状语从句中的时态常用进行时态。如： While he was watching TV, the boy fell asleep.3) as则强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进行或者一前一后发生。如：She sang as she walked along.2. because, since, as, for都可以表示原因，用作从属连词，但用法不同。1) because表示某件事情发生的直接原因或理由。它的语气很强，因而常用来回答why的提问。在这几个连词中，它表示原因的语气最强。如：He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.2) since常表示对方已经知道的既成事实，说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结论。其语气比because要弱，一般译成“既然”。如：Since you are here, why not stay for a few more days?21世纪教育网3) as常用于表示十分明显的原因，说明因果关系，重点放在主句上，语气较弱，常译成“由于”。如：As its getting darker, we must go home now.4) for只是一个并列连词，用于连接两个并列句，表示推理或解释，对前一个分句进行附加说明。如：It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.21世纪教育网3. where, wherever都可以用来引导表示地点的状语从句，但是应注意：where用作连接副词，常用于引导状语从句和名词性从句；用作关系副词，则常用于引导定语从句。如：He found his wallet where he had left it. (where引导表示地点的状语从句)Your coat is still where you left it. (where引导表语从句)Years later he returned to the small village where he grew up as a child. (where引导定语从句)wherever则用于引导一个表示让步的状语从句，意为“无论何地”。如：Wherever you work, you should work hard.五、注意as引导的让步状语从句常见的几种倒装方式：1 如果从句的谓语部分为“不及物动词+副词”，常将从句中的副词提前到从句的句首。如：Hard as you may try, you will not succee