嗓音保护与发声训练.doc

Singing is a human instinct. People no matter what class, often sing to show its own life. Song song, song, artistic conception, form a unified whole and distinctive artistic image, move one deeply, deeply, a feel fresh. Singing, is always an important art form to express ideas, feelings, is rouse National spirit, to cultivate the moral sentiment, improve the aesthetic temperament, rich cultural life, guides the people to pursue the beauty of an important way; is one of the important means of Art Education声乐简称用人声唱出的带有语言的音乐也称艺术歌唱，是运用艺术化的语言（歌唱语言）与科学化的歌喉（艺术嗓音）相结合塑造出鲜明生动、悦耳动听的听觉艺术歌声，它以高度凝练的歌词以及典型化、情感化的旋律去抒发思想感情和进行二度创作的一门音乐表演艺术Vocal music - referred to as sings with the sounds of people with the language of music. Also known as the art of singing, is the art of language (singing language) and the scientific voice (Vocal Arts) create a vivid, beautiful sense of hearing art - singing combination, a performance art of music with high coagulation lyrics and practice the typical emotional melody, to express thoughts and feelings and the creation of two degrees嗓音的保护Voice protection世界上最珍贵的乐器是人的声带它之所以珍贵是因为不可以随心更换它是歌唱发声的物质基础人们都希望自己拥有优美动听的嗓音，因此，保护嗓音，使发声器官处于良好的功能状态，非常重要The worlds most precious instrument is one of the vocal cords. It is valuable because it can not replace the heart. It is the basic material of singing. People want to own a beautiful voice, therefore, to protect the voice, the vocal organs are in good functional status, is very important（一）青少年学生的嗓音特征(a) the voice characteristics of adolescent students人的嗓音在身体发育过程中都要经历生理上的变声期婴儿出生呱呱的哭声是尖细的声音，两三岁以后是清翠明亮的童声；十二三岁后渐变粗厚，壮年时期，嗓音更渐浑厚；到了老年，嗓音的功能就减退这种变化是人生的自然规律Human voice has on the physiology of the mutation in the physical development process. Babies were crying is a high pitched voice, after the age of two or three is Qing Cui bright boys; twelve or thirteen years old after gradual thick, prime, voice more gradually vigorous; the older, the voice function is impaired. This change is the law of nature of life人由儿童到成人要经历青春期（大约从12岁20岁左右）青春期是人一生中最主要的生长发育时期，这时少年的生理、心理发生急剧的变化，各种器官、机能逐渐发育成熟嗓音也由童声逐渐发生变化，直到变为成人声这种时期生理学称之为变声期From children to adult going through puberty (from about the age of 12 - 20 years old). Youth is lifes most important period of growth and development, physiological, psychological and juvenile dramatically,/catalog.asp?cate=2 various organs, function gradually mature. The voice from the boys change gradually, until the adult voice. The period of physiological called the voice changing period变声期开始的年龄一般是：男孩在1215岁，女孩在1114岁根据全国各地统计数据来看，平均年龄最早约为11岁，最迟约为18岁变声期受地区和气候等因素的影响，因而有一定的差异如经济发达地区比经济落后的地区早、热带地区比寒带地区早、营养条件好的地区比营养条件差的地区早、城市比农村早随着我国人民经济与文化生活水平的不断提高，各地区变声期的年龄也相应地提前了变声期可分为变声前期（613岁左右）、变声期（1316岁左右）和变声后期（1620岁）三个阶段而艺术嗓音的变化则一般要通过三年左右的技能训练才能完成Since the age of onset is usually 12 to 15 years of age: boy, girl in 11 - 14 years old. Based on the statistical data, the average age of the earliest is about 11 years old, the latest is about 18 years old. Since the affected area and climatic factors, thus has certain difference. As the economy the developed areas than in economically backward areas of the tropics than boreal area early, early, nutrition conditions are good areas than in nutrient poor conditions, city than in rural area in the early morning. Along with our countrys economic and cultural life level unceasing enhancement, the changing period of the age also ahead of schedule. The changing period can be divided into sound stage (6 - 13 years old)/catalog.asp?cate=4, the changing period (13 - 16 years old) and voice (16 - 20) late three stages. And changes in artistic voice is generally accomplished by three years of training talents变声属于青春期第二性征表现之一变声期前，男女童声嗓音的特征都是音量不大、音色清脆明亮，音域、音色基本上无太大差异变声期中，由于在内分泌激素、尤其是在性激素作用下，喉部声带发生变化，声带急剧增长，也显著增宽男性比女性嗓音变化明显，男性由于雄性激素的作用，喉头迅速发育长大，形成男性特有的喉结变声后男性的声带增长一倍，最宽可达3毫米，音调比变声前低了一个八度；女性声带增长约二分之一，最宽可达22毫米，音调比变声前约低了三度据国内喉科专家调查研究的结果和和目测声带的数据，约以12毫米为短声带，24毫米为长声带，1516毫米左右为中声带，中短、中长声带则介于期间一般来说，女高音声带最短、呈白色，Voice belongs to pubertal one performance. The changing period, characteristics between male and female childrens voice is small volume, sound is crisp and bright, color range, basically do not have too big difference. The changing period, due to endocrine hormones, especially in the sex hormone action, change of vocal cords vocal cord, rapid growth, too significant broadening. Males than females voice change obviously, male the role of the male hormone, laryngeal rapid growth up, forming a male specific Adams apple. Mutational male vocal doubled, the width up to 3 mm, voice low tone than before a eight degree; the female vocal about 1/2 growth, up to a maximum width 2 / 2 mm, voice low tone than before about three degrees. According to a survey of domestic throat specialist results and visual vocal data, with about 12 mm to 24 mm long short vocal fold, vocal cord, 15 to 16 mm in the vocal cords, in short, medium and long period of vocal range. In general the soprano vocal cords,/catalog.asp?cate=3 shortest, white,大多从声门处看不见气管环；而男低音声带最长，呈粉红色，从声门处可见到气管环；其他以女中音、女低音、男高音、男中音的次序排列介于两者之间在变声期间，会出现生理性的喉粘膜肿胀、声带充血、时有水肿、附有分泌物、声带后半部分闭合不全等现象，声音很不稳定，唱歌尤其感到吃力，发声器官容易疲劳受损所以，要特别注意变声期嗓音的保护Mostly from the glottis is invisible tracheal ring; and the Bass Vocal most long, pink, from the glottis can be seen in tracheal ring; other arrangement between the Mezzo Soprano, Alto, tenor, baritone voice. In order, will appear physiological laryngeal mucosa congestion, swelling, vocal cord when there is edema, exudates, vocal c