北京理工大学远程学校大学英语代词.doc

代 词人称代词主格(主语)Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格(宾语)Meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代词形容词性Myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性Mineyourshishersoursyourstheirs反身代词Myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves相互代词Each other(两者之间); one another（三者及以上）指示代词This; that; these; those; such; same; one; ones; 不定代词All; each; everyone; none; （三者以上）都；每一个；各自；一个都不both; either; neither; （两者之间）都；每一个；各自；一个都不the other; others; another; 其他的some; little; few; many; much; more; most; half; enough; several; 部分和全部something; someone; somebody; anything; anybody; anyone; everyone; everything; everybody; nobody; no one; nothing; 部分和全部（人/物）关系代(副)词Which(物), that(人物), who(人主格), whom(人宾格), whose(所有格),as, why(理由), where(地点),when(时间) 既起连接作用，又在从句中充当成分。疑问代词What, which, who, whom, whose, where, when, why, how连接代词只起连接作用，在从句中不充当成分。判断一个词是关系代词还是连接代词的方法：看从句是否完整(主，谓，宾等成分是否都齐全，如果不齐全，那么要选关系代词，如果是齐全的，要选连接代词）如：What we saw astonished us.先分析句子的成分，What we saw 是主句的主语，astonished是主句的谓语，us是主句的宾语。What we saw 就是从句，we是从句的主语，saw是从句的谓语，一个句子除了主，谓，还得有宾语吧，但是你看看宾语没有啊，所以你就要选What （而不是That),因为What可以充当saw的宾语。What这个词在名词性从句（主语，宾语，表语）中既起连接作用，又在从句中充当成分（如上句，What在这里充当saw的宾语，同时又引导主语从句）。但What这个词是不能用在定语从句中的（也就是说，定语从句中没有What，只有that）that这个词一般不可以用作连接代词，它是关系代词不是连接代词。what= the thing that What we saw astonished us. 是主语从句 The thing that we saw astonished us 是定语从句我们用what=名词+关系代词（可以是that，也可以是which)来实现名词性从句和定语从句的转换。代词用法注意点1.名词性所有格代词可作主语、宾语、表语，可用于双重所有格。例如： This isnt my book. Its his. Mine is in the bag. /Is she a friend of yours? Do you think this bag of mine beautiful ?/She lost some pencils of hers.2.反身代词可用于某些固定搭配。例如： (all)by oneself 自己单干，独立做： The boy usually finishes his homework by himself. of oneself 自动地，自行地： Mary will correct her mistakes in the exercises of herself. for oneself 替/为自己： You have to choose for yourself.3.指示代词this/these一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物；that/those 常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。进行比较时，that可代替不可数名词或单数名词以避免重复；those 可代替复数名词以免重复。例如：The water of the well is cleaner than that of the river. The Christmas cards are better than those you bought yesterday.4.相互代词each other ,one another.前者通常指两者之间的“相互”，后者侧重三者或三者以上的“相互”，也可指两者之间的“相互”。5.不定代词some多用于肯定句；any多用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中。另外some可用于表示请求、提议或者希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，修饰可数名词，表示“任何、无论哪一个” 例如：If you have any ink ,please give me some. Edison became quite expert at it and could find work in any town he went to.all 与none all表示“三者或三者以上全部”，可以修饰可数、不可数名词。none用于表示对三个或三个以上的人或物的否定，意思是“没有什么人，没有什么东西”，可作主语和宾语。none of后的谓语可以是单数或复数形式。none可以简略回答以How many或How much开头的疑问句。例如：None of them have/has failed. How many books are there on the desk ? None.注意：no one (nobody)不同于none ,作主语时只能跟单数谓语，不可跟of短语连用，回答以who开头的问句，不能回答How many/much 开头的问句。例如： Who is in the room ? no one(Nobody). Is there any oil in the glass ? None.other ,another ,the other ,others ,the others other表示“没有范围的，其他的”，与名词复数连用。如：other books/boys/ another泛指很多中的“另一个”，可作代词或形容词用，代替或修饰单数可数名词。如：I dont like this hat, please show me another. the other可作代词或形容词用，指已知的事物或人中的“另一个”，或另一方中的“全部其他的”。如：I have two sisters.One is a student and the other is a worker.I can see only two teachers in the office. Where are the other teachers ? others泛指其他的人或物；the others特指其余的人或物。others常和some对比使用。例如： Thirty students in our class are boys ,the others are girls. Some are carrying water ,others are watering the trees.one作为不定代词，泛指“任何人”（包括说话人在内），还可用来代替上文出现过的可数名词（指人或物），并有复数形式ones。例如：I have bought a new bike.My old one doesnt work./One must do ones duty.注意：one ,that都可代替前面出现过的单数名词，但这样用时，one可被前置或后置定语修饰,that只能被后置定语修饰。例如： This book is the one that is needed by him. My seat is next to that of our teacher.6. 代词It用于指代时间日期天气人物等等。注意其在形式主语（宾语）句和强调句（强调谓语动词以外的其他句子成分，连接词有who/that两个）中的使用。用 法例 句代替前文提到的东西或事情，用作人称代词。This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday.这是一本新词典，我昨天买的。Tom joined the army last mouth. Do you know about it?汤姆上月入伍了，你知道这事吗？代替指示代词，起着this或that的作用Is this your car? No, it isnt. 这是你的汽车吗？不是。Whats that?Its a video. 那是什么？它是一台录像机。Whose room is this?It is theirs.这是谁的房间，是他们的。指明某人/某物的身分，还可指不明性别的婴儿Whos there? Its me. (Its John) 谁在那儿？是我。（是约翰）Go and see who it is that rings. Its Bill.去看看是谁来的电话，是比尔。The Greens have a new baby. Its lovely.格林家有一个新生婴儿。它很可爱。指时间、距离、自然现象（天气、气候、明暗）量度、价值等Its Sunday today. 今天是星期天。Its three months since he came here.自从他来到这里，已经三个月了。How far is it to the Great Wall .到长城有多远？Its getting dark. 天快黑了。How much is the coat? Its ninety dollars.这件衣服多少钱？九十美元。用 法例 句形式主语代替不定式短语It is up to you to decide. 这事要由你决定。It makes me happy to hear you have recovered.听说你恢复了健康，这让我很高兴。代替动名词短语Its no good smoking.吸烟没有好处。Its worthwhile working the whole night on the problem.用整夜的时间来研究那个问题是值得的。代替主语从句It doesnt matter what you do. 你干什么都没关系。It seems that everyone has known the news. 好像大家都知道这个消息。形式宾语代替不定式短语I consider it better to be early.我认为能早一些更好。We found it impossible to get there before July. 七月前到那不可能。代替动名词短语We thought it no use doing that.我们认为做那事没有用。代替宾语从句The teacher makes it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time.老师清楚地指出，每人都应该按时交作业。They proved it true that the company had already been in heavy debt.他们证实了公司已经负债累累。强调句型：It is (was) +被强调部分+ that (who) + 其它被强调部分例 句说 明主 语It is I who am to blame. 是我该受责怪。It was your uncle that (who) came yesterday.原句的谓语动词若是现在或将来时态用It is that(who)；若是过去时态，则用It wasthat(who)。在强调时间，地点，原因或方式等时不要用when, where, how, 必须用that。宾 语It was a new pen that Mother gave me .母亲给我的是一支新钢笔。状语地点It was in the classroom that I left my umbrella.我把雨伞就落在了教室里。