例谈以听促写强化英语的工具性.doc

例谈以听促写，强化英语的工具性 外研版英语八年级上册Module 3 Sports Unit1 Nothing is more enjoyable than playing tennis课例研究 方卓青 甘肃兰州市第三中学 摘 要：本案例通过合作学习的形式，提高学生获取信息处理信息的能力，笔者利用音乐，彩纸，图片和多媒体等手段创设教学情境，活跃课堂气氛，让学生深刻感受到自己是课堂的一部分，鼓励学生多听多说多写，以听促写。将全人教育理念和整体教育融入到教学中，突出以人为本，注重课堂转型，以学定教，为同行把握听说课型的模式和探索课例研究有一定的指导意义。关键词：英语教育；英语课堂；模式；实证1、教学目标按语言知识、语言技能、学习策略、情感态度、文化意识五个方面将本课的教学目标细化：(1) 知识目标：学习掌握词汇baseball volleyball boring exciting relaxing score already matter hurt enjoyable Olympics stadium miss mind plenty ,plenty of ,Whats the matter?(2) 能力目标：在语言输入的同时完成语言输出，在听说读写中提高语言技能，提高综合运用语言的能力。培养学生听的能力，书面表达能力，书写能力，合作能力，沟通能力。帮助学生在完成本课的中心任务中提高综合语言运用能力。(3) 情感目标：通过学习有关运动观点的文本，培养学生热爱体育运动、形成良好的批判性思维。(4) 情感策略: 唤起学生对体育的热爱。培养合作精神和合作意识，主动参与学习活动，善于和他人合作。通过小组合作学习，各位成员各抒己见，互通有无，使学生在人际交往中学会尊重和理解别人，交换不同的看法，在合作中完成学习任务，增进友谊。不同程度的学生通过小组合作学习都有所提高。（5）文化意识：了解外界信息，拓宽知识面，如对奥林匹克运动的讨论联系自身，增强珍爱生命。（6）多元评价：初中生很在乎他人的评价，自我意识却不断增强。因此，在本课教学过程中，在注重启发引导，培养学生听和写能力的同时，更要注重教学方法的灵活性，通过任务型教学法，交际法，全身反映法/合作学习法等，激发学生学习的兴趣，让学生乐于接受，易于接受。在给出恰当公正具体的评价同时，增强英语学习的自信心和兴趣。主要采用生生评价，师生评价和自我评价的口头评价方式。特级教师评析吕晓兰 上海市特级教师：知识目标准确清晰；能力目标突出了语言的运用，符合语言学习的目标;情感目标紧扣了运动这一主题;通过合作学习，达到教师设计的情感策略的落实;特别是文化意识方面，拓展到奥林匹克精神的灌输和珍爱生命教育，实为很鲜亮的一笔;多元评价的设计是对学生的学习兴趣最好的鼓励和激励方式。2、教学策略（1）开放式教学策略。以有限的课堂为载体，带学生进入广阔的知识天地。（2）兴趣激发策略。只有让学生真正有了参与的欲望，才能点燃他们的思维火花。（3）任务型活动策略。在书中学，在做中学，在做中巩固往往有良好的效果。（4）循序渐进和尊重差异策略。由简到繁，由难及易，为有困难的学生搭好支架，让有能力的学生跳起来摘到果子。学习策略：（1）有信心，热情地参与课堂上各种活动：能读懂本课对话的内容，学习听力技巧和写作技巧（2）合作学习，任务要求要明确。学会收集，学会思考，学会表达，学会讨论，学会倾听，学会评价。注意学习方法，及时提问并注意倾听他人意见。阅读后能完成阅读任务：回答问题和写出海报。在小组合作中，学习他人之长处，学习沟通技巧。（3）课前能作延伸学习，如小组成员共同制定学校运动会的海报，学习海报的制作方法。特级教师评析吕晓兰 上海市特级教师：教学活动的设计有梯度，顾及到各个层面学生的发展并注意在活动中激发兴趣；所设计的活动提升了学生多方面的学习能力和合作学习的精神；音乐、彩纸等活动使课堂情趣横生，激发了学生积极参与，效果显著。3、教学手段本课采用任务型教学法，同时辅助多媒体教学。用音乐，图片和彩纸使抽象的语言变得直观，为学生运用英语进行交际创设情景，实现师生互动，生生互动和人机互动的多向交流。 4、教学设计和分析Step 1 Icebreaker（2）T:(CAI :play the music called “Champions”): Good day, champions! Nice big smile first. Do you still remember where I am from?Ss: Suzhou.T: What about you?Ss: Foshan.T: By the way, do you know anything about what kind of sport is Foshan famous for?Sa: Zumiao.T: Well , anything else?Sb:Huangfeihong.T: You know, Foshan is best known for Foshan no shadow kick. It is welcome. Do you like it? Why?Sb: Yes. I like it very much.T: In other words, nothing is more enjoyable than this.（设计目的：先从情境入手，以学生感兴趣的话题导入新课，为学生创造轻松活跃的学习气氛, 激发学生的好奇心，引出部分标题，为学习新课打下伏笔。问题含金量很高且有代表性，对于学生理解和写作产生积极的作用。在这种交流中，拉近了学生与书本之间的距离。）特级教师评析吕晓兰 上海市特级教师：引入部分与课文有关的音乐、以对话方式拉近师生距离，引入新授课，设计独具匠心。Step 2: Big picture（1）T: Todays lesson is all about different sports.By the end of this lesson ,most of you can make a poster about the sports.(设计理论依据和目的：明确学习目的，让学生知道这节课我们要做什么。）特级教师评析吕晓兰 上海市特级教师：交待学习目标，师生共同为实现目标而进行下面的学习。Step 3 Pre-listening activities（2）T:What kind of sports do you like,outdoor sports or indoor sports?Sc: Indoor sports.T: What kind of sports do you like to do?Sd: I like to play volleyball.T: Nice. What are you wearing when you are playing volleyball?Sd: Sports clothes and sports shoes.T：Its safer than wearing the common clothes. Watch yourself. If not, you may get hurt. Can you read it according to phonetic symbol? Say it at the normal speed.Ss: hurt.T: Do you mind saying it again?Ss：hurt.T: Well ,what sports can you play?Se: I can play baseball.T: Do you like to play baseball in the stadium or just watch at home?Sf: At home.T: How do you feel when you are watching a match?Sf: Exciting.T: Do you ever watch any sports on TV?Sf: Yes.T: Which team do you like to watch?Sf: Our school team.T: Do you learn any games at school?Sg: Yes.T: OK, tell me a famous athelete for the game you like.Sg: Yaoming.T: As everyone already knows, Yao is good at basketball.You wont miss any match about him.Do you do P.E or do most sports in your school?Sh:Yes.T: Good work .As you see, these word are about Olympics,so much for pre-listening.(设计目的：写作之前进行一定的口语交际，激发学生的兴趣，让学生想表达，同时问题的设计贴近学生的生活，激发思维，以旧带新，创设语境，自然处理了生词baseball volleyball exciting relaxing score already matter hurt enjoyable stadium miss mind ）特级教师评析吕晓兰 上海市特级教师：在紧扣教材主题的精彩对话中，既教授了生词，又引导学生进入情境，实为听说教学的良好途径。Step 3 While-listening activities（20）T: Daming, Tony and Betty are also talking about the sports. Do you want to know more about this? Lets hear an item, shall we? Tell me what happened ,when did it happen? Where did it happen? （设计目的：利用What, When,Where直接理解的概括性的问题使学生从表层快速地掌握文章的基本事实,说出自己的理解，形成初步印象.) Si: They were discussing the ways of playing sports tonight. T: Pretty good. Like most children, they love to play sports,its helpful for them to stay healthy and they spend their free time well. So the topic of the conversation is all about sports.Now Id like you to repeat after the tape and note how the speaker blend the words. Can you give it a try? Ss: Yes. ( Repeat the tape) （设计目的：朗读是培养学生发音熟练，视觉熟练，听觉熟练，从而促使学生能够深刻理解课文的过程，在朗读前，先扫除听力的连读障碍，增强学生的自信心。利用录音有效地培养学生良好的语音语调，确保正确的语音语调。) T: Thats cool. Can you give me some advice on how to listen? Si: Dont listen to every words,just the key words. （设计目的：明确了学习任务以后，渗透学习策略，启发学生复习已经知道的学习听力的策略，从学生那引导出来，学生在清晰的学习目的和一定学习策略指导下，准备下一步听中学习。) T: Good answer. Please write down the important words and sentences. This will help you know the answer. Try your best to write the important points as quickly as you can. Remember to read the table first. Shall we start now? Ss: Of course. ( filling in the blank in the table) T: Make it stop. See here ,Daming. Likes this weeks tennis match Reason: _ Likes watching the Olympics on TV Reason: _ Dislikes last weeks match on TV Reason : _Sj: more exciting/easier/boringT: Bingo. How about Betty? Likes watching the tennis match at home Reasons: _Sk: safer/convenient/ not dangerous/risky/more relaxing.T: Pretty good. What about Tony? Q1. Whats the matter with Tony? Q2. What did Daming ask him to do? Q3. Do you think he would like to take their advice? Why or why not? Sl: He felt tired. And he hurt his knee./He asked him to sit down and watch the match./ No. Nothing is more enjoyable than playing tennis. (writing down the last sentence on the board.) （设计目的：在朗读完之后，紧接着开展合作学习，增强了学生对课文的理解，有助于课文的记忆，有利于学生集体参与的意识，有利于学生的集体荣誉感。这里设计的问题培养学生思维敏捷。） T: I am impressed. Some facts about them. This time we will listen to check. Lets try to think which one is true. Now check the true sentences. 1. Spain scored a minute ago. 2. This weeks match is more exciting than last weeks. 3. For Tony, playing tennis is more enjoyable than watching matches on TV. 4. Watching the Olympics on TV was more expensive than buying tickets for the games. 5. Going to the stadium was more difficult than staying at home. Sm: The first/second/third/fifth sentences are right. T: How to correct the fourth one? Sm: Watching the Olympics on TV was cheaper than buying tickets for the games. T: Nice job. What is the main idea in Part One? Sn: Football match. T: Good work. What is the main idea in Part Two? So: Discuss the ways, watching the tennis match or playing tennis. T: You carry on, You are brilliant,truly.What about the last part? Sp: Betty doesnt agree with Tony, she tells a fact to against Tony.Daming also supports her. T: Big hands. You know, sports help you in many ways. You had lesson for a while, now lets have a happy quiz about sports. Here are some stars, you can choose one of them, then you will get a question. If you answer the question well, I will give you a star. Are you willing to do that? Ss: Yes. T: Brilliant,you are. A gift for you.(设计目的：通过填写表格，判断正误，回答问题等多种形式，既然让学生深刻理解课文，更重要的是通过完成练习，更加热爱运动，珍惜生命，选择合适的运动方式。在任务环活动中，通过设计不同的四个任务，由容易到最难，让学生在小组中交流、合作、竞争，操练重难点和目标语言，每个任务都存在着一定的“信息差”，易于激发学生的表达欲望和急于知道最终结果的心情，四个任务所侧重的训练学生的语言能力的要求也各有不同，他们分别训练学生的听、说、写的能力。把任务活动放在小组中进行，还可以解决“大班”难于操练的难题，学生在小组中有更多的时间来运用英语表达自己的思想。） 特级教师评析吕晓兰 上海市特级教师：在while-listening 部分，wh-question 设计清晰，紧扣主题，指导学生准确深入理解和学习课文，以why问句的追问，培养学生的求知求实精神和思维能力及自己解决问题的能力；让学生书面写出reason，更是对知识的夯实，学生的多样回答，也是对词汇的拓展和运用。小组合作学习活动的设计，使得每个学生都得到向他人学习和个人练习的机会，促成学习效果的达成度。教师适时的总结和提炼，不仅帮助学生对文章的主旨大意有了更清晰的掌握，又及时进行了德育渗透，同时为之后的写作任务进行铺垫，可谓是一举多得的优秀设计。Step 4 Post-listening activity（3） T: Take a look at the video. Watch it. According to the video, tell me, who are they? What sports are they talking about? Why? St: They are Daming, Betty and Tony. Su: They are talking about watching the tennis match,playing tennis,watching Olympics on TV and watching the tennis match. Sv: Its safer than playing tennis. Nothing is more enjoyable than playing tennis. It was cheaper than buying tickets for all the games. Watching is not dangerous and its more relaxing too! T: It was obvious that different people have different sports view.（设计目的：总结课文的中心思想既有助于锻炼学生的阅读理解能力，又能培养学生敏锐的观察，分析问题的能力以及高度的综合概括能力，更能训练一个学生的语言表达能力。通过播放含有who what why的视频，把抽象的对话形象化，有趣化，帮助学生整理顺序，将课文的信息紧凑严密地整理出头绪来，再把这些头绪以表格的形式呈现给学生，化简教学内容，学生去根据课件上标注的具体范围补充相应的事实，既有助于提高学生理性思维的能力，理解记忆对话，又引导出德育情感目标，还节约上课的时间。学生不但明白对话内容，也理解作者的写作意图和手法，学生可以根据表格进行下一步的写作，可以说一表多用。） Step 5 Input（12） T: Foshan No.3 Middle School will hold a sports meeting. Making a poster about your favourite sport. Work in groups of 4, each of three students should write a two or four sentences in a paragraph, the other one put all paragraphs together. Three mins for you.Here is a model for you. （设计目的：在应用的环节，为了培养学生的智慧，能力和品质，设计一个真实生活活动的海报，激发学生展示的欲望，将这堂课学到的知识和习得的能力得到检验和体现，说出自己最喜欢的运动。）Step 5 Intake（2） T: Let us exchange and try to find the good sentences and some mistakes. If you find a good sentence, you will win 2 points for your group. If you find a error, you will rephrase the sentence and win 2 points for your group. Is it clear?Ss: Yes. (Students revise the first draft)T:Id like some students to show your writing. Any volunteer to present your poster? At the same time, the other group assess them according the table.(Sw presents his poster.)评估标准 5 4 3 2 11、文体规范，要点齐全，结构合理2、时态人称代词冠词和单复数使用正确3、运用所学词汇，表达清晰，有关联词的运用，句子顺序结构正确，无标点 符号错误。4、书写工整，海报美观。我们的建议： 得分 自评/他评（设计目的：通过表格，明确评价的内容，增强同伴评价的有效性。）特级教师评析吕晓兰 上海市特级教师：Intake活动的设计是又一大亮点，学生可在共享美文美句及改错中共同提高，评价标准的提供又培养了学生严谨治学的好习惯和自主学习的能力。Step 6 Output&Homework（3）T: Thank you for your assessment. Please polish your writing again and show it to us.Sw presents the final poster.T: Well done ,give me five. I do hope you think faster,get your score higher and make you body stronger. When we put faster,higher,stronger together, that is the Olympic motto,it inspire you in your school life. See, who has the most stars? A secret for you .todays homework.(Ss scream with laughter.) Search the Internet,find more information and write