专题翻译（土木工程2）课件

The Use of English, Introduction 1. The Origin of Languages and Translation 1.1 The Story of Babel It was recorded in Genesis of the Bible that when there was a flood, Noah s family, eight persons-Noah and his wife, with his three sons and their wives ran away to a safe land by Noah s ark, a boat. After the flood, Noah s descendants lived on the new land generation after generation. The population was growing larger and larger, but all the people spoke only one language.,Later on the people moved to the west. When they got to a place of Shinar, they settled down there. They began to build a city and a tower called Babel, with its top in the heavens. God, Jehovah got angry about this. He scattered the people, confused their language and made them speak different languages. From then on, there were thousand of languages used by people all over the world. And the building of Babel was stopped. There are now about six thousand languages in the world, including English. However, languages were created by working people after all.,1.2 The Beginning of Translation A report of world translation market says: The tower of Babel never will be built, because we now know that the sky has no limits; the stratagem of the confusion of languages is thus no longer necessary. All languages are worthy of respect, and translation permits men to communicate better and thus to understand each other better. Since there are languages , there is translation., 1.3 Shangri-la In Lost Horizon by James Hilton, there are so many strange things about Shangri-la, which means the source of happiness, Buddha s ideal land, everlasting mystery, imaginative beautiful world and the Garden of Eden, governing the whole globe. The celestials or extraterrestrial being, in Shangri-la spoke a strange language-cosmic language, but by and by, as more and more travelers and explorers went there, English, Chinese, Tibetan and other languages are spoken and translation is needed.,The Status Quo of English, Apart from the U.K., English is the main language of five countries: the U.S.A., Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. It is the official language of 25 countries, the first language of many countries. In Asia 3.5 hundred million people speak English. India is the 3 rd largest English speaking country with 100 million people speaking fluent English. English has become the main language of Singapore. In China including Hong Kong and Taiwan, in Japan and South Korea, more and more people are taking English as their first language or second language. English is also widely used in the areas of Africa, the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean.,EST( English for Science and Technology)- ESS( English for Social Science) ECST( Eng. for Common Science and Technology) ESST( Eng. For Specialized Science and Technology) 3.3 Standard English: British English( Kings Eng. Or Queens Eng.) American Eng.,3.4 Native Language: Britain-England-London, New Castle Wales Ireland Scotland USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand 3.5 Sub-varieties of Eng.: Asia, Africa, South America( Non-standard Eng.),Strategies in Learning and Using a Second Language,1. Grouping of Strategies 1.1 Metacognitive strategies: Advance organizers Directed attention Selective attention Self-management Advance preparation Self-monitoring Delayed production Self-evaluation,1.2 Cognitive strategies: Repetition Resource Directed physical response Translation Grouping Note-taking Deduction,Recombination Imaginary Auditory representation Keyword Contextualization Elaboration Transfer Inferencing,1.3 Social/ affective strategies: Cooperation Question for clarification 2. Direct/ Indirect Strategies 2.1 direct strategies: Memory strategies Cognitive strategies Compensation strategies,2.2 Indirect strategies: Metacognitive strategies Affective strategies Social strategies 3. Language Learning/ Using Strategies 3.1 Language learning strategies: Identifying the material for learning Distinguishing it from other material Grouping it for easier learning Repeatedly engaging oneself in contact with the material Remembering it with efforts,3.2 Language using strategies: Retrieval strategies Rehearsal strategies Cover strategies Communication strategies Recommended books: Ellis,R.1994.The Study of Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press 文秋芳,1886,英语学习策略论,上海外语教育出版社,Linguistics,General linguistics Applied linguistics Syntax Semantics Morphology Pragmatics Discourse analysis Stylistics Sociolinguistics Psycholinguistics Intercultural communication,Translatology Functional linguistics Historical linguistics Statistics in linguistics Learning Strategies First/Second Language Acquisition Methodology Testing,Association and Collocation,Association Collocation 1. n & v association Achieve success, exercise ones gifts, Attain ones end, gain a reputation, Develop ones talents, offer service Break the news, bring a suit or action Cut a figure, hold a court Lay an ambush, live up to ones ideal Make out a check, mete out a punishment Spring a leak, strike a balance Work (create, perform) a miracle 1.1. v association & collocation based on n Authority: have, follow, accept, assert, deny, question,Order: place, fill, execute Siege: lay, raise, lift Taste: cultivate, develop, improve, refine 1.2. N association & collocation based on v Exert: effort, control, influence, strength, Invite: danger, criticism, comment, scandal, crime Invoke: God, forgiveness, sbs help the law, ruling, penalty, economic sanction, an article of the U.N. Charter 1.3. n & v special association and collocation Carry ones point,Catch ones eye Feather ones nest Follow the crowd Force sbs hand Give color to Poison sbs mind Ride a hobby Save ones bacon,2. n faithful, false, full, graphic , lucid, systematic, true, unbiased, vivid, well-documented,Association and collocation of n and a 2.1 a association & collocation based on n account accurate appropriate approximate authentic clear coherent concise detailed distorted entertaining factual faithful, false, full, graphic prejudiced, systematic, true, unbiased, vivid, well-documented Cooperation all-round close, friendly, fruitful harmonious helpful, perfect, wholehearted, willing Joke coarse dull foolish, innocent rich smutty stale standing stock subtle unintended vulgar worn-out Dont crack such vulgar jokes with me.,2.2 n association core, science, sell, soap Special association & collocation of n & a Big gun, big time, bitter pill, black mark, blank check, capital sentence, cold cash, crying shame, dark horse, deep water, drawn game, far cry, fast counter, fat chance, green power, happy remarks, hard core, hot number, open question, red carpet, slow season, tall order, tall talk, wet blanket, white lie, white sale,Recombination Imaginary Auditory representation Key word Contextualization Elaboration Transfer Inferencing,Social strategies: Cooperation Question for clarification,姓名： 学号： 班级： 得分： CHECK I. Choose the best answer(40%) 1. permits men to communicate better and thus to understand each other better a. translation b. books c. languages 2. English is the language of five countries:USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. a. second b. main c. official 3. India is the 3rd largest English country. a. speech b. spoken . Speaking 4. English is one of the important languages of the UN. a. working b. first c. second 5. cognitive strategies a. 认知策略 b. 认识方法 c. 认识策略 6. language using strategies a. 语言使用策略 b. 运用语言策略 c. 应用语言方法 7. Applied Linguistics a. 实用语言学 b. 运用语言学 c. 应用语言学 8. Stylistic