动词不定式的六大考点.docVIP

动词不定式的六大考点动词不定式在历年高考中是考查的热点问题之一，在单选、完形、改错题中，我们都可以看到它的身影，历年高考题主考查它的句法功能、时态和语态、与过去分司及v-ing 用法的对比、动词不定式中to的省略与保留、不定式符号to与介词to 在某些结构中的区别。此外，其他一些复杂结构中也设有考点。一、动词不定式在句子中的句法功能1. 作主语动词不定式在句中作主语，如果动词不定式是一个较长的短语，一般用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。1) In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match(2001上海)A. this B. that C. there D. it析：不定式的复合结构for the police to keep为真正主语，置于句末，句首缺少形式主语，只有it才有这一功能，故选D。2. 作宾语直接放在某些动词后作宾语。这类动词有agree , afford , ask , decide , expect ,hope , learn , manage , need , plan , pretend , intend , refuse , want , wish 等。2) In order to gain a bigger share in the international market , many state-run companies are striving their products more competitive .(2002上海)A . to make B. making C. to have made D. having made 析：strive 总为“努力、奋斗、力求”，后接不定式作宾语，故选A。当然，“疑问词 + 不定式”也可作某些动词的宾语。3) Ive worked with children before , so I know what in my new job . (NMET2000)A. to expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 析：“what + 不定式“作know 的宾语，故选B。3. 作定语动词不定式作定语常放在被修饰词的后面。如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，还需要在其后加适用当的介词。4) She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role in making the earth a better place to live(2003上海春)A. to have played B. to playC. to be played D. to be playing析：由于该句将play a role in中的宾语a role提前，所以要用不定式作后置定语，故选B。4. 作表语放在be动词或其他一些连系动词后。5) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple，but it remains whether they will enjoy it(NMET2002)A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen析：remains为系动词，因其主语是it，故要用不定式的被动式作表语，选B。5. 作状语不定式在句中作状语可以表示目的、结果和原因等，作状语的动词不定式在一般情况下要和句子的主语一致。6) In order to make our city green， .（2002上海春）A. it is necessary to have planted more treesB. many more trees need to plantC. our city needs more treesD. we must plant more trees析：In order to make在句中作目的状语，其逻辑主语应是人(we)，故选D。6. 作宾语补足语有些动词，如advise，ask，allow，beg，encourage，expectfind，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，teach，want，warn，would like（love)等，后面可跟带to的不定式作宾补；感官动词和使役动词，如see，notice，watch, observe，look at，hear，listen to，feel，smell，make，have，let等，后面只能跟不带to的不定式作宾补。7) M y adviser encouraged a summer course to improve my writing skills(2004北京)A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take析：encourage后要跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语，构成“encourage sbto do sth.”结构，故选D。二、动词不定式的时态动词不定式有一般式、完成式和进行式等几种形式。一般式表示与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；完成式表示该动作发生在句子谓语动词所表示的动作之前；进行式表示该动作在谓语动词所表示的动作发生时正在进行。8) Rober is said abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. (NMETl999)A. to have studied B. to studyC. to be studying D. to have been studying析：“在国外学习”明显先于“我不知道”，故要用不定式的完成式，选A。三、动词不定式的语态动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者，则用被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式和完成式(to be +v. -ed；to have been + v. -ed )。9) The news reporters hurried to the airport, only the film star had left. (2004福建)A. to tell B. to be toldC. telling D. told析：根据语境“记者赶到机场，只是被告知影星走了”可知，要用不定式的被动式，故选B。四、与过去分词及v. ing 用法的对比动词不定式有表将来和主动的含义，过去分词有表完成和被动的含义，而v. ing表示正在进行和主动的含义。10) Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV, they are pictures jn your mind instead of before your eyes. (2004全国III) A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed析：此处为现在分词作定语，表示正在进行和主动的含义，相当予forming前省略了which are，故选C。但有的动词，如remember, forget, mean, try, go on等,后跟动词不定式和v. ing形式作宾语时意义完全不同。11) In some parts of London, missing a bus means for another hour. (200l上海春)Awaiting Bto waitCwait Dto be waiting析：mean后接不定式意为“打算、想要”，后接动名词意为“意味着”。该题明显属于后者，故选A。五、不定式中to的省略与保留在would rather, rather than, rather than，had better等结构中需省略不定式中的to .12) Rather than on a crowded bus，he always prefer a bicycle. (N METl994)A. ride; ride B. riding; rideC. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding析：rather than后只接动词原形；prefer后要接不定式，故选C。13) If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ityouve got some big bills coming. (2004广东)A. forget B. forgotC. forgetting D. to forget析：better是youd better的缩略形式，其后只接动词原形，故选A。注意：在cannot but, can not choose but, cannot help but等结构中，且这些介词前又有实义动词do的某种形式时，but后要跟省略to的动词不定式。Sandy could do nothing but to this teacher that he was wrong. (2001上海春)Aadmit Badmitted Cadmitting Dto admit析：该句中的but为介词，意为“除了”，且前面又有实义动词do，因此but后只能接省略to的不定式。选A。六、动词不定式的to和作介词的to 在某些结构中的区别14) How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?The key the problem is to meet the demand by the customers. (2002北京)A. to solving；making B. to solving；madeC. to solve；making D. to solve；made析：The key the problem意为“解决问题的关键”，其中to为介词，意为“的”，故其后要接动名词，选B。巧记妙学只接动词原形作宾语补足语的动词一感二听三让四看说明： 一感：指一个表示感觉的词feel； 二听：指两个表示听觉的词hear，1isten to； 三让：指三个表示“使、让”的词have，make，1et；四看：指四个表示看的词see，watch，notice，observe.分词的八大考点近几年的高考对分词的考查形式是千变万化的，这主要是因为，分词在句子中起着形容词和副词的作用。它在句子中可作定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语，也可用于独立主格结构。其热点考查内容如下：一、分词作定语1) Dont use words, expressions, or phrases only to people with specific knowledge. (2002上海)A. being known B. having been knownC. to be known D. known析：“不要用那些只有专业人士才认识的单词、词组或短语”，因此要用过去分词known作后置定语，故选D。2) Mr Smith, of the speech, started to read and novel(2003北京春)A. tired; boring B. tiring; boredC. tired; bored D. tiring; boring 析：第一空应填tired，构成(be)tired of短语，作非限制性定语。第二空表示“令人厌烦的”，应用现在分词作定语。故选A。二、分词作状语3) by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.(2004辽宁)A. Attracting B. AttractedC. To be attracted D. Having attracted析：小女孩是被自然界的美丽所吸引的，因此应填过去分词作原因状语，表示被动，相当于As the girl was attracted by之省略，选B。4)“We cant go out in this weather,”said Bob, out of the window(2004全国)A. looking B. to lookC. 1ooked D. having looked析：Bob说话时的伴随状况是往窗外看，因此，应用现在分词looking作伴随状语，选A。5)“You cant catch me!”Janet shouted， away. (2005全国III)A. run B. running C. to run D. ran析：Janet叫喊的伴随状语是逃跑，因此，应用现在分词作伴随状语，选B。6) in thought, he almost ran into the ear in front of him(NMETl996)A. Losing B. Having lostC. Lost D. To lose析：lost没有被动之意，它来自于系表结构短语be lost in thought，意为“沉溺于思考之中”，表状态，故选C。三、分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是主句的主语7) Finding her car stolen, .(2001上海)A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help析：分析语境逻辑不难发现，Finding her car stolen的动作应由she来完成，故选D。8) While watching television, (2005全国III)A. the doorbell rangB. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ringD. we heard the doorbell rings析：“看电视”的动作应由we来完成。另外，hear为感官动词，其补足语用不带to的不定式，即动词原形，故选c。四、分语作状语时，使用“连词 + 过去分词”形式9) Generally speaking, according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (2003上海)A. when taking B. when takenC. when to take D. when to be take析：根据语境“按说明吃这种药时没有副作用”，应用“连词+过去分词”构成的过去分词复合结构作状语，故选B。10)The research is so designed that once nothing can be done to change it. (NMET2002)A. begins B. having begunC. beginning D. begun 析：根据语境“这个研究一旦被启动就无法改变”，因此应填过去分词begun，即“连词once+过去分词”作状语，选D。11) When first to the market, these products enjoyed great success(2004全国II)A. introducing B. introducedC. introduce D. being introduced析：这些产品是被引进市场去的，因此应填过去分词introduced，即“连词when+过去分词”作状语，选B。五、分词作补足语12) He looked around and caught a man his hand into the pocket of a passenger(2004北京春)A. put B. to be puttingC. to put D. putting析：他发现一个男子正把手伸进乘客的口袋，因此应填putting作宾语补足语，选D。13) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year(NMET2000)A. carry out B. carrying outC. carried out D. to carry out析：句中would like to see的宾语the plan被前置，因此可还原成they would like to see the plan ，显然此处意为“他们愿意看到计划被贯彻执行”，所以应用过去分词carried out作宾语补足语，选C。六、分词作表语14) It is believed that if a book is ，it will surely the reader. (2003上海)A. interested； interest B. interesting； be interestedC. interested；be interesting D. interesting；interest析：第一空表“有趣的”，作表语，说明主语的性质特点，应填interesting。第二空缺谓语，应填interest(使感兴趣)，选D。15) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain as the plane was making a landing(2004上海春)A. seat B. seatingC. seated D. to be seating析：remain seated是系表结构，无被动之义，选C。七、分词独立主格结构16) The murderer was brought in，with his hands behind his back(NMET 1991)A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tied D. tied析：凶手的双手被绑在背后的，所以应用过去分词构成的独立主格结构作伴随状语，即“with结构(with+宾语+过去分词+另一个介词短语)”，选D。八、分词的复杂形式17） such heavy pollution already，it may now be toolate to clean up the river(NMET2001)A. Having suffered B. SufferingC. To suffer D. Suffered析：already暗示该空动作已经完成，因此，应填现在分词完成式作状语，选A。动名词的七大考点动名词一直是历年高考的考查热点。考查的主要是其时态、语态、否定式、复合结构及其在句中的功能。现将其考点归纳如下：一、动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态有一般式和完成式，语态有主动式和被动式。1. 动名词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时或稍后发生；其完成式表示动作先于谓语动词的动作完成。1) I really enjoy that kind of job. (METl985)A. do B. doing C. to do D. to be doing析：enjoy后只接动名词作宾语，且要用一般式，故选B。2) She was pleased that the teacher wasnt angry with her for so rudeA. being B. haying beenC. to have been D. to be析：表示原因的介词for后要求跟动名词作宾语，显然，“粗鲁的”动作先于“不生气”，所以用动名词的完成式，选B。2. 动名词的语态主要取决于其与逻辑主语的关系。如果逻辑主语是动名词动作的执行者就用主动形式，如果是动名词动作的承受者就用被动形式。3) The squirrel was lucky that it just missed . (METl987)A. catching B. to be caughtC. being caught D. to catch析：miss(错过)后只跟动名词作宾语，而逻辑主语squirrel是catch的对象，也就是动作的承受者，用动名词的被动式，故选C。二、动名词的否定式动名词的否定式在动名词前直接加上not。4)I must apologize for ahead of timeThats all right(NMETl994)A. 1etting you not know B. not letting you knowC. 1etting you know not D. 1etting not you know析：not应置于动名词之前，故选B。三、动名词的复合结构动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语，从而构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的逻辑主语通常是形容词性物主代词、宾格代词、名词所有格或普通格(宾格)。动名词的复合结构作主语时，通常使用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。5) I can hardly imagine Peter across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(METl991)A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed析：注意imagine的搭配方式：imagine + 从句(动名词的复合结构)或imagine+宾语+to be(不接to do)。该题为“imagine + 动名词的复合结构(PeterPeters + doing”，故选C。6) I would appreciate hack this afternoon(METl992)A. you to call B. you callC. your calling D. youre calling析：“appreciate+动名词的复合结构（形容词性物主代词+doing）”，故选C。四、动名词在句中作主语动名词作主语时要汪意三点：1谓语动词通常用单数；2常用it作形式主语；3动名词表示经常的、习惯的动作或情况，而不定式更倾向于某一次特定的、具体的动作。7） is a good form of exercise for both young and old(NMETl992)A. The walk B. WalkingC. To walk D. Walk析：动名词作主语（表语）通常表“泛指”的动作，而不定式常表“特定、具体、将要”的动作，故选B。五、动名词作表语动名词作表语主要表示主语的具体内容。如臬表示与动名词主语等同或类似的情况，表语用动名词。如果表示目的、愿望、计划或某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时，表语用不定式。如：His hobby was collecting stamps.What I，m doing is teaching him a lesson.My purpose (wish，hope，plan，idea) is to climb the mountain from the south.六、动名词作定语动名词作定语时，如果是单个动名词，通常置于被修饰的名词之前，表示被修饰名词的用途或性能。如。a swimming pool , a walking stick等。七、动名词作宾语1. 有些动词，如advise, consider (考虑), admit, allow，suggest (建议), finish, appreciate, mind, imagine, deny (否认), enjoy, keep(on)，practice, permit, miss (错过), excuse, escape，avoid risk (冒险), give up, put off, cant help(禁不住)等，后面只能跟动名词作宾语。8) I cant imagine that with them(METl986)A. do B. to do C. being done D. doing析：imagine后只跟动名词作宾语，故选D。2有些动词后跟动名词和后跟不定式作宾语，意义不同。9) When asked by the police，he said that he remembered at the party，but not (2005北京)A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leaveC. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave析：remember (forget) 后接动名词表示“记住(忘记)曾做过某事”；接不定式表示“记住（忘记）将做某事”，故选C。10)You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting We，now I regret that(NMETl995)A. to do B. to be doingC. to have done D. having done析：regret后接动名词表示“后悔已做的事”，接不定式表示“对将做的事感到遗憾”，故选D。11)I usually go there by trainWhy not by boat for a change?（METl992）A. to try going B. trying to goC. to try and go D. try going析：“Why not + 动词原形”是“Why dont you + 动词原形”的口语句式，意为“何不?”表示建议。try后接动名词表示“试着做某事”；接不定式表示“努力去做某事”，故选D。注意：类似的动词还有mean, stop, go on等。3. require , need, want, be worth后跟的动名词主动形式表示被动含义。12) Only one of these books is (METl986)A. worth to read B. worth being readC. worth of reading D. worth reading析：be worth doing意为“值得做”，故选D。4动名词也可作介词的宾语，尤其要注意一些含介词to的动词短语，将其与不定式区分开来。如lead to, devote to, be used to, object to, look forward to, get down to等。13) Were looking forward the photo exhibition. (METl983) A. to visiting B. to visitC. to having visited D. visiting 析：look forward to意为“盼望”，其中to为介词，故选A。5. 在一些固定句型中，动名词作介词宾语，其中介词有时可以省略，常用结构有：What(How)about doing sth?have trouble (difficulty, problem, pleasure, a good time, a hard time) (from) doing sthprevent (stop, keep)from doing sthprotect (rescue, save)from doing sthspend (waste) (in) doing sthbe busy (in) doing sth14) According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week TV(2004上海) A. to watch B. to watchingC. watching D. watch析：该题表面上是在考查句型sb. spend time (money) (in)doing sth；实际上也在考查动名词作介词宾语，故选C。15) How about the two of us a walk down the garden? (METl993)A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking析：How(what)about后接动名词短语，表示“()做怎么样?”，故选C。【追踪训练】1. will do you a great deal of good English every morningA. That; practising B. It; practicing C. This; practised D. It; practise2. She pretended me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not Bee D. having not 8een3. We agreed here but SO far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met4. Little Jim should love to the theatre this evening. (should love = would like)A. to be taken B. to takeC. being taken Dtaking 5. I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a reportA. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having to6. Lett try the work some other day.A. do B. to do C. doing D. to doing7. The radio wants , for it doesnt workA. repair B. being repaired C. repairing D. to repair8. He didnt mind at homeA. o be left B. to leave C. being left D. leaving9. No one is fond of at.A. 1aughing B. being laughed C. 1aughed Dto be laughed10. This sentence needs .A. to improve B. improve C. improving D. improved11. She searched the top of the hill and stopped on a big rock by the side of the pathsA. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest12. Go on the other exercise after you have finished this one.A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing13. She didnt remember him before.A. having met B. have met C. to meet D. to having met14. The light in the office is still on. Oh，I forgot .A. turning 0ff B. to turn it off C. turn it off D. having turned it off15. I regret the lecture given by Prof. Wang. Its said to be wonderful.A. to miss B. to missed C. being missed D. missing16. They knew her very well. They had seen her up from children. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow17. The missing boys were last seen near the river .A. p1aying B. to be playing C. play D. to play18. Though he had often made his sister . Today he was made . by his little sisterA. cry, to cry B. crying, crying C. cry, cry D. to cry，cry19. Mrs Smith warned her daughter after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive20. Good morningCan I help you?- Id like to have the package ，madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed21.You can make yourself in English pretty well if you keep on speaking the language.A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood22. He made a paper plane his son.A. to please B. pleasing C. please D. pleased23. Paul doesnt have to be made , he always works hard. A. 1earn B. to learn C. 1earned D. 1earning24. Do you know the boy under the tree?A. 1ay B. 1ain C. 1aying D. 1ying25. The Olympic Games, in 775 B. C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing26. The first textbooks f1or Teaching English as a Foreign Language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written27. The computer centre, last year, is very popular among the students in this schoo1. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened28. The secretary worked late into the night, a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing29. in the leg , the soldier had t0 lie in bed. A. Wounding B. To wound C. Wounded D. having wounded30. more attention，the trees could have grown betterA. To give B. Giving C. Having given D. Given31. Shes upstairs letters. A. writes B. is writing C. writing D. write32. a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving notC. Not having received D. Having not received33. “Cant you read?” Mary said to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrilyC. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing34. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him .A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to35. European football is played in 80 countries, it the most p