名师讲解初中英语词性系列之介词.docVIP

名师讲解初中英语词性系列之介词一些容易混淆的介词1.表示时间的at、on、in的用法区别at主要表示：(1)在某具体时刻之前，如at seven o clock，at 7：30。(2)在固定短语中，如：at noon，at night，at that time，at the age of at the weekend，at Christmas。On用来表示“在天”，如：On Monday，On May lst，On Childrens Day。in用来表示：(1)在某年、某月、某季节。(2)在段时间之后，如：in two hours，in a few days。注意：在纯粹地表示在上午/下午/晚上时，用in the morning/afternoon/evening，但在某一天的上午、下午、晚上前要用介词on。如：on Monday morning，on the morning of Children s Day。2. 表示地点的at，in，on的用法区别(1) at通常指小地方，in一般指大地方。(2) at 所指范围不太明确，in指“在里”。(3) in指在内部，on指“在之上”。3.表示“一段时间”的for与since的用法区别for后面接时间段，since之后接时间点。4.表示时间的before与by的用法区别before与by都可表示“在之前”，但by含有“不迟于”、“到为止”的意思。如果by后是将来的时间，则与将来时连用，若by后是过去的时间，则与过去完成时连用。5.over与above(under与below)over，above都表示“在的上面”，over表示“正上方”，而above只表示“在上方”但不一定在“正上方”。above还可表示温度、水位等“高于”，over还可表示“越过”。over的反义词是under，above的反义词是below.例如：There is a bridge over the riverOur plane flew above the clouds.6.表示“用”的with，by，in的用法with多指用工具，用身体的部位或器官;by表示使用的方法、手段;in指使用某种语言。如：We see with our eyes.We go there by bike.Please say it out in English.He cut it open with a knife.介词的省略表示时间介词at, on, in 的省略(1) 在 next, last, this, these, today, yesterday, tomorrow, one, every, each, all等词前,一般不用 at, in, on.(2) 在某些名词词组前,可以省略(也可不省)如: (on) that day, (in)the year before last常见搭配1.动词+介词，如：listen to, laugh at, write to, hear from, get to, look at, shout at, shout to, knock at, look for, look at, ask for, wait for, get on, get to, put on, turn on, operate on, take off, turn off, learn from, worry about .2.形容词+介词，如：afraid of, full of, angry with, strict with, busy with, good at, good/bad for, late for, sorry for, ready for, famous for, polite to, far from.3.名词+介词 / 介词+名词key to, visit to, at home, in surprise, after class, for ever, on time, at last, at first, for example.be worth doing 值得做什么be used to doing sth 习惯做某事mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意enjoy +doing 喜欢finish 完成+doing（名词）have fun +doing 玩得高兴have （good/ wonderful/ hard）time +doing V-ing形式作宾语的 动词有 mind, escape, practise, enjoy, finish, miss, consider, stand, suggest, keep, imagine, fancy, mention, admit, avoid, delay, dislike, deny, risk, appreciate, recommend, resist, resume, forgive, report, include, excuse, understand, complete, endure, prevent, recall, advise(但advice sb to do), allow(但allow sb to do), permit(但permit sb to do), forbid(但forbid sb to do) 词组（不包括明显介词结尾的词组）： keep on, insist on, feel like, give up, put off, burst out, set about, be worth, cant help, be busy, have difficulty/trouble (in) 词组有明显介词结尾的词组： dream of/about, think of, think about, succeed in, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, thank somebody for, excuse for, apologize to sb for, be tired of, be fond of, be sure of, what (how) about, a way of, have the idea of, cant do something without, in hopes/the hope of, with/for the purpose of 含介词to接doing的动词词组 object to, be/get used to, look forward to, be devoted to, devote oneself to, come close to, pay attention to, get down to, be reduced to(被迫、沦落到的地步), take to(变得喜欢、开始经常), fall to(开始), lead to, be opposed to, come to(接近，差一点), refer to, agree to(同意某个观点), be on the way to(就要) be used to cant help cant stand give up go on feel like keep on insist on look forward to put off devote to stick to object to thank you for be busy get down to have difficut/trouble good practice +doing 练习做某事sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事admit to preferto lead to stick to look forward to （to为介词）Its worth cant help Its no use /good be tired of be fond of be afraid ofbe proud of think of / about hold off put off keep on insist on be successful in good at take up give up prevent from赞同01. remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗?2. forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做) The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)Dont forget to come tomorrow.别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)3. regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。 (未做)regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。 (已做)I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。I dont regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。4. cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事。cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个部门已不复存在。 The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。5. try to do 努力，企图做某事。try doing 试验，试着做某事。You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didnt succeed.我试着种果木花卉，但未成功6. go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。go on doing 继续做原来做的事。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习7. be afraid to do 不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为怕；be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。 doing 是客观上造成的，意为生怕，恐怕。She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。She was afraid to wake her husband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。She was afraid of waking her husband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。8. interested to do 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。I shall be interested to know what happens.我很想知道发生了什么事。 (想了解)Im interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? (一种想法)9. mean to do 打算、想mean doing 意味着I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.赠加工资意味着增加购买力。10. begin / start to do sth begin / start doing sth.1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.How old were you when you first started play