名词性从句讲解及练习.doc

名词性从句讲解及练习在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题2. 考查引导词that与what的区别3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4. 考查whether与if的区别5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题语法要点剖析一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分，只起连接作用）that在句中无词义;whether, if表“是否” 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.（连接词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义，又在从句中作主语、宾语或表语） 连接副词：when, where, how, why（连接词既保留自己的疑问含义又在从句中作状语）连接代词及副词等引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序1. 主语从句Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that2. 宾语从句：在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语的从句。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。 We must never think (that) we are good in everything others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发I insisted that she ( do )her work alone. The villager requested that a culture square (build)in their town.2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever。例如： She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 。3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. I wonder whether there is water on the moon.I wonder whether he will come or not .Can you tell me whether to go or to stay.? 4. 注意宾语从句中的 时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。(用study)例如：I know he English every day. （从句用一般现在时）I know he English last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know (that) he English next year. （从句用一般将来时）I know he English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom us for America(已经离开) 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如： 我相信他不会这样做。 3. 表语从句1 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。：be动词；意为“起来”的动词，如look, sound, taste, smell意为“变成”“成为”的动词，如：turn, become, get, go等；半系词，如fall, seem, appear, prove, come, keep, stay, remain等。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。EX:1.He was ill. Thats _he was absent from the lecture.He was absent from the school. That was _he had got a cold.The reason_ he was late was_ he missed the train by one minute this morning重要句型：this is why+结果“这是为什么” this is bcause+ 原因 “这是因为” the reason why is that “做的原因是因为” It seems that 看起来似乎. It looks as if 看起来好像 看上去天要下雨了。 4. 同位语从句 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were hereHave you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？三. 高考常考考点1 名词性从句中，若缺少主语或宾语或表语，则用what. What 名词性从句=all that 定语从句 what (=all that) you said is right. really interested Mary was dancing. (作主语) This is we should learn from Comrade Lei Feng. （作宾语） Our school is no longer it used to be. （作表语）2. 名词性从句中，若不缺成分，不缺意义，则用that. that引导主语、表语、同位语从句时，虽不作成分，无意义，但不可省略。 he came here made me very happy. I believe he is a determined person.My suggestion is he should be sent to hospital. He expressed his thought he doesnt agree to the project.3. that 引导宾语从句时，第一个that 可以省，但从第二个that 开始不能省. He said the exhibition was excellent and that he wanted to visit it once more.4. 所有的从句都使用陈述语序。Could you tell me whats the matter with him?5. whoever, whatever, whichever 引导名词性从句（也可引导让步状从，表泛指）。whoever=anyone who定语从句；whatever=anything that定语从句; whichever “任何一个”You must never give your child he or she wants. leaves the classroom last should turn off the lights. team will win the game on Saturday can get through to the national championship.6. whoever与who引导的名词性从句 breaks the law should be punished. (指人) breaks the law is unknown. (指事)7. doubt或 wonder所在的句子为肯定句时，后常用if/whether引导宾语从句；若所在的句子为否定句或疑问句时，后则用that引导宾语从句。I wonder _he is at home.I dont doubt _he has won the prize.四. 解题步骤：1 翻译句子。 2 判断出所填的连词引导的是名词性从句。3 分析设空所在句子的成分，若少主，宾，表则用what；若不缺成分和意义，则用that;否则据意义选择。4 注意所有的从句用陈述语序。1、用适当的连词填空： 1. I cant decide _ dictionary I should buy. 2. Thats _ he refused my invitation. 3. _ we need is more time. 4. The fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.5. Please tell me _ you are waiting for. 6Is that _ you are looking for? 7. Would you please tell me _ the nearest post office is?8. I dont know _ he wi