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本科生毕业论文题 目： An Analysis of the Character Portrayal in Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿中人物塑造的分析 学生姓名： 彭征 学 号： 200607010302 专业班级： 英语06103班 指导教师： 胡蓉 完成时间： 2010年5月 An Analysis of the Character Portrayal in Oliver TwistTHESISSubmitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements forThe degree of Bachelor of ArtsIn Hunan University of Arts and ScienceBy Peng ZhengSupervisor: Hu RongMay 2010Hunan University of Arts and Science毕业论文任务书论文题目An Analysis of the Character Portrayal in Oliver Twist雾都孤儿中人物塑造分析学生姓名彭征专业班级英语06103班学 号200607010302指导教师胡蓉教研室英语基础教研室起止时间 2009 年 10 月 15 日 至 2010年 5 月 18 日毕业论文任务、目的与基本要求：主要参考文献与资料：Charles Dickens. Oliver TwistM. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching & Research Press, 1992.Catherine Peters. Charles DickensM. Xian: Xian World Publishing Corporation, 1998.John Kichetti. The Columbia History of the British NovelM. Foreign Language Teaching & Research Press Columbia University Press, 2005.Daniel H. Frank and Oliver Leaman. History of Jewish PhilosophyM, London and New York: Routledge, 1997.鲍文. 反抗与探索十八、十九世纪英国孤儿小说人物性格论J. 安徽教育学院学报, 2003, (1): 13- 15. 钱青. 英国19世纪文学史M. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社, 2001.陈嘉. 英国文学史M. 北京：商务印书馆，1983摩迪凯开普兰. 犹太教一种文明M.黄福武, 张力改译. 济南: 山东大学出版社, 2002.胡晓华. 雾都孤儿中的仁爱与暴虐J. 黑龙江农垦师专学报, 2001,(2): 11- 15.刘精香. 雾都孤儿中南希的形象剖析J. 中南民族学院学报, 2005, (2): 12- 19.毕业论文进度安排：选 题：2009年10月10日下 达 任 务 书 ：2009年10月30日开 题：2009年12月8日撰 写 论 文 ：2009年12月8日2010年5月18日中 期 检 查 ：2010年3月2日2010年3月30日答辩与成绩评定 ：2010年5月18日课题申报与审查指导教师（签名）： 年 月 日教研室主任（签名）： 年 月 日学院院长（签名）： 年 月 日 毕业论文成绩评定表(一)毕业论文题目An Analysis of the Character Portrayal in Oliver Twist雾都孤儿中人物塑造的分析学生姓名彭征专业班级英语06103班学号200607010302指导教师评语：建议成绩： 指导教师签名： 年 月 日 毕业论文成绩评定表(二)毕业论文题目An Analysis of the Character Portrayal in Oliver Twist雾都孤儿中人物塑造的分析学生姓名彭征专业班级英语06103班学号200607010302评阅人评语：建议成绩： 评阅人签名： 年 月 日 毕业论文成绩评定表(三)毕业论文题目An Analysis of the Character Portrayal in Oliver Twist雾都孤儿中人物塑造的分析学生姓名彭征专业班级英语06103班学号200607010302答辩时间答辩地点答辩小组成员姓名职务(职称)姓名职务(职称)姓名职务(职称)答辩委员会评语： 答辩委员会主任签名： 年 月 日学院毕业论文(设计)工作领导小组审查意见： 评定成绩 组长签名： 年 月 日 本科生毕业论文开题报告书题 目： An Analysis of the Character Portrayal in Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿中人物塑造的分析 学生姓名： 彭征 学 号： 200607010302 专业班级： 英语06103班 指导教师： 胡蓉 2009年 12月 8 日论文题目An Analysis of the Character Portrayal in Oliver Twist雾都孤儿中人物塑造的分析课题目的、意义及相关研究动态：目的：雾都孤儿是查尔斯狄更斯的第二部长篇小说，是以作者儿时的坎坷经历为模版而写成。本文通过对小说中人物塑造的分析，结合小说的写作背景，揭露出十九世纪英国资本主义社会的黑暗，以及底层人民生活的困苦，并揭示出作者内心深处坚守的邪不胜正的信念。意义：通过对小说人物塑造的分析，特别是对主要人物的解析，促使人们认识到十九世纪资本主义英国的黑暗以及其对人们生活所造成的巨大痛苦，同时肯定社会中纯洁品质的存在，也坚定了人们的邪不胜正的信念。 研究动态：作为英国十九世纪著名的批判现实主义作家查尔斯狄更斯的代表作品，雾都孤儿自1838年出版以来，就在英国文学界乃至整个欧洲引起了强烈震动。国内 外很多学者对雾都孤儿进行了剖析，有分析其现实主义，象征手法，反犹太主义，也有对其中单个人物塑造的分析，如刘精香教授的中南希的形象剖析，又如乔国强的从看狄更斯的反犹主义倾向，对于该小说的研究从未中断过，也证明其拥有不朽的艺术魅力。课题的主要内容、创新之处： 主要内容：本文通过对雾都孤儿中不同人物角色塑造的分析，结合小说的写作背景，揭露出十九世纪英国资本主义社会的黑暗和统治阶级的腐朽，也揭示了当时社会底层人民生活的困苦，与此同时，也充分肯定了人性中纯洁品质的存在，并试着体会出作者所坚守的邪不胜正的信念。创新之处： 本文与以往的分析有所不同，主要从不同人物角色塑造出发，结合小说的写作背景，着力分析小说通过人物所塑造所表达出的对当时社会的不满，以及对底层人民的苦难的同情，同时也表达出作者对人性光辉的肯定，以及对美好未来的憧憬。研究方法和论文撰写提纲：研究方法：通过大量文本解读、归纳，采用对比法、分析法分析人物角色的塑造。论文撰写提纲： 引言 第一章：小说的写作背景1.1 十九世纪中期的批判现实主义作家1.2 对狄更斯的简介第二章：对奥利弗的分析 2.1 奥利弗的角色塑造 2.2 伦敦的环境对角色塑造的影响第三章：对费金的分析 3.1 费金和他的魔窟 3.2 费金的绝对邪恶 3.3 “犹太人” 这一绰号的起源第四章：对南希的分析4.1 南希的角色塑造4.2 南希的纯洁品质 结论完成期限和预期进度：选 题：2009年10月10日下 达 任 务 书 ：2009年10月30日开 题：2009年12月8日撰 写 论 文 ：2009年12月8日2010年5月18日中 期 检 查 ：2010年3月2日2010年3月30日答辩与成绩评定 ：2010年5月18日主要参考资料：Charles Dickens. Oliver TwistM. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching & Research Press, 1992.Catherine Peters. Charles DickensM. Xian: Xian World Publishing Corporation, 1998.John Kichetti. The Columbia History of the British NovelM. Foreign Language Teaching & Research Press Columbia University Press, 2005.Daniel H. Frank and Oliver Leaman. History of Jewish PhilosophyM, London and New York: Routledge, 1997.鲍文. 反抗与探索十八、十九世纪英国孤儿小说人物性格论J. 安徽教育学院学报, 2003, (1): 13- 15. 钱青. 英国19世纪文学史M. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社, 2001.摩迪凯开普兰. 犹太教一种文明M.黄福武, 张力改译. 济南: 山东大学出版社, 2002.胡晓华. 雾都孤儿中的仁爱与暴虐J. 黑龙江农垦师专学报, 2001, (2): 11- 15.刘精香. 雾都孤儿中南希的形象剖析J. 中南民族学院学报, 2005, (2): 12- 19.指导教师意见： 签名： 年 月 日开 题 报 告 会 纪 要时 间地 点与会人员姓 名职务（职称）姓 名职务（职称）姓 名职务（职称）会议记录摘要：会议主持人：记 录 人：年 月 日院工作小组意见负责人签名： 年 月 日 摘要查尔斯狄更斯是英国文学史上最伟大的批判现实主义作家之一。雾都孤儿是他的早期的杰作之一，也是狄更斯最喜爱的小说。狄更斯把很大精力花在雾都孤儿的写作上，以作者儿时的坎坷经历为模板，赋予它特定的写作背景和写作意图。小说自出版以来，引起了相当大的争议，它通过塑造不同的人物角色，揭露出十九世纪英国社会的黑暗和底层人民生活的困苦，以及统治阶级的麻木。本文试图通过对小说中主要人物塑造的分析，结合小说的写作背景，使读者对小说中的人物有一个更深入的了解，并体会作者在小说构造中所表达出的邪不胜正的信念。关键字：雾都孤儿；写作背景；人物塑造；困苦 AbstractCharles Dickens is one of the greatest critical realists in English literature history. Oliver Twist is one of his early masterpieces. It is also Dickens favorite novel. Dickens spent great energy on the writing of Oliver Twist. It is based on authors miserable childhood experience. Dickens endowed it with certain writing background and writing purposes. Since published, it has caused considerable controversy. Through the portray of different characters, it exposes the darkness of the society and the miserable life of the poor, and the numbness of the ruling class. This paper attempts to analyse the portrayal of main characters and the writing background, so that the reader have a deep understanding of the novels characters and appreciate the idea expressed in the novel that evil can never prevail over good. Keyword: Oliver Twist; writing background; character portrayal; misery Contents摘要 .iAbstract .iiIntroduction .1Chapter 1 Novels Writing Background. .41.1 The Critical Realists in the Mid-19th Century.4 1.2 Brief Introduction to Dickens.5Chapter 2 Analysis of Oliver Twist.92.1 The Portrayal of Oliver Twist.92.2 Londons Influence on the Character Formation.10Chapter 3 Analysis of Fagin.143.1 Fagin and his Den.143.2 Fagins Absolute Evil.153.3 Origin of the Jew .16Chapter 4 Analysis of Nancy.20 4.1 The Portrayal of Nancy204.2 The Goodness of Nancy.23Conclusion .25 Bibliography .27Acknowledgements27B.A .Thesis Introduction IntroductionOliver Twist was Dickens second novel, which marked the beginning of Dickens literary life. It began to appear in a monthly magazine. “I had perhaps the best subject I have ever thought of, I have thrown my whole heart and soul into Oliver.” (Peters, 1998:22)That its general purpose was clear in his mind was evident from his laterwritten preface: “I wished to show, in little Oliver, the principle of Good surviving through every adverse circumstance and triumphing at last” (Peters, 1998:25). What the author portrayed is the criminals of Londons underworld. The author depicted it not in a romantic mood just as his contemporary novelists, but showed much miserable reality. That reality was the great and enduring strength of the book. Dickens knew it a lot by close observation, which he had already demonstrated in his newspaper sketches of London streets and criminal court. Also, he knew it by his own experience. When he was very young, he suffered a lot. He knew those kinds of feeling and of course he could share the solitary childs pain, for him, be confused in those years when he labored hopelessly in the blacking-warehouse. As he said much later, he himself might have become a little robber or a little vagabond. That period of time was so bitter to this sensitive boy that many years later, when he was very successful, he could not look back on the main reason that why he took much attention to common peoples lives and their feeling. Oliver Twist is one of the most important social novels in Dickens early works. Also, it was the first time that Dickens led readers into a very sad world. The description of the criminal slums of London that little Oliver lived brought Dickens a new class of serious reader interested in social reform. People started to think about social reason for all of those criminal phenomena. And, in this novel, Dickens advocates his view of charitable person will have good recompense.Oliver Twist was famous for exposing the dark sides of people lived out that time. It exposed the hypocritical and cruelty of parish workhouse through depicting the little orphan boy Oliver Twists childhood in it. He gave realistic pictures of the horrible existence in workhouse. One of the most important characteristics of Oliver Twist was real and specific description of people who lived in the bottom of society. Their miserable lives, including all the details, gave the reader a real feeling: these were not fictitious. Dickens carried the good traditions of critical realism novels since 18th century of England and also developed it. He created his unique technique and formed his own style. Dickens works are very important in English literary history. They established the base of critical realism and had effect upon the development of the whole European realistic novels.Through the analysis of character poratrayal in Oliver Twist, Nancy, Fagin and his gang, this paper gives a general introduction of the novels character and exposes the miserable life of commom people in the 19th century capitalist England. At the same time, this paper will make the readers have a deeper understanding of the character of Dickens novel and make it convenient for people to appreciate Dickens idea that good can never prevail over good. B.A .Thesis Chapter 1 Novels Writing Background Chapter 1 Novels Writing Background1.1 The Critical Realists in the Mid-19th CenturyThere were a number of novelists between those conservative poets and prose writers in the mid-19th century of England. They had a world of sympathy for the miseries and a strong feeling for the poor laboring masses. They cried against social injustice but they also did not approve of violence to fight the social wrong.(钱青, 2001) They had been know as critical of the social reality in the sense that they were strongly critical of the social reality of their time but they had never thought of overthrowing the existing social order that in this way, they could establish a new one.These critical realists of the mid-19th century were all honest people and real artists in spite of their limitations in their general point of view on life. By exposing the social injustice and the vices of the upper class, they put their hearts into depicting the miserable existence of the common people: they gave a truthful picture of capitalist England of the time. They followed the fine tradition of their great literary predecessor of 18th century realism and early 19th century romanticism.(Kichetti, 2005) They showed their warm sympathy on those people who suffered a lot. 1.2 Brief Introduction to DickensThe greatest of the critical realists was Charles Dickens. In his early years, he worked as a reporter and this experience gave him a good knowledge of the political life of England at that time and it had a far-reaching effect upon his lifelong contempt for all the political institution in England. As a result of his ability to notice things of London life, a volume of stories and sketches of London street scenes, Sketches of Boz, was published. In 1837, his first novel Pickwick Papers appeared and established his reputation as an important writer of the time. This success was repeated again and again during the rest of his life, with the publication of some 15 novels as well as volumes of stories, travelogues and countless sketches and essays. In his very early literary period, Dickens attacked one or more specific evils in Victorian England: debtors prison, workhouse, capital punishment and so on. The most important of these novels was one of optimism and a light and cheery tone. It was maintained, with plenty of humor and laughter with the reactionary forces of the middle class who were running more rampant, Dickens was more sensitive to the social reality and become more critical. Later, his optimistic spirit was replaced by strong feeling of depression and resentment. It was a successful period in which Dickens attained to his maturity as a great artist. The whole period was also characterized by the change and development of the great novelists artistic style. (陈嘉, 1983) Charles Dickens miserable childhood did indeed shape the person he became, as well as have a definite impact on his literary career. There are shades of young Dickens in many of his most beloved characters, including David Copperfield, Oliver Twist, and of course, Great Expectations Pip. Like Dickens, all three of these characters came from humble beginnings and were able to rise above their respective circumstances to achieve success. Similarly, Dickens literary success is owed in large part to his unhappy childhood experiences. He did not merely overcome his past. He triumphed over it by mixing it into his best-selling works of art. Charles Dickens childhood and young adulthood was definitely filled with enough drama to base a novel upon. Born on February 7, 1812, to John Dickens, a clerk in the Navy Pay Office, and his wife Elizabeth, Charles spent his earliest years in the English seaport town of Portsmouth.The first years of his life were comfortable enough, although the family did have an interest for living beyond their means. Even his birth announcement gives evidence to this, reporting the birth “On Friday, at Mile-end Terrace, the Lady of John Dickens, Esq. a son” (Peters, 1998:8). This is a pround pronouncement coming from a lowly government employee, with neither money nor title to lay claim to. Due to this, Charles “considered Friday his lucky day, needing to believe he had been born with great expectations and the talent and will to realize them” (Peters, 1998:10).When Charles was ten years old, the family was transferred yet again, this time to London.The more expensive place, followed with the decrease in pay. His father suffered for no longer being stationed “outport” did not sign well for the family, who still “had not learned the value of money management” (Peters, 1998:12). To Charless dismay, he was not to be enrolled in a London school, instead being send to do odd jobs around the house. Kaplan believes the termination of Dickens education have been a major blow to his ego, as “he had already imagined himself a man with a profession, enjoying success. He would be a gentleman by talent and achievement” (Peters, 1998:18). To help pay off the familys outstanding debts, James Lamert, a family friend, secured Charles a post at Warrens Blacking Warehouse, a shoe polish factory. The job, which consisted of pasting labels onto pots of shoe polish, was a tedious and disgraceful one for Dickens, especially when his boss moved him to a window at the front of the warehouse for all the passersby to see.(Peters, 1998:22) It was also a time that Charles would never be able to forget. His situation only worsened when it became clear that the extra money Charles brought home from