记叙文的篇章结构.doc

记叙文的篇章结构： 开头the beginning-交代必要的背景，如：时间，地点，人物等。中间the middle-交代故事情节（事情的主体）。如：事件的发生，发展和前因后果结尾the ending-事情的结果或感想，愿望等（the result or feeling）在记叙文中常用到的连接词：First . Then . Next . FinallySome . Some . Others;The boys . The girls .; Some Ss . Tome others . The rest of us / them .时间顺序：Early in the morning / In the early morning; In the middle of the day / At noon; Late in the afternoon / In the late afternoon; Far / Deep into the night;In the past / At present / In the future ;First, second, next, then, finally;At first, in the beginning; at last, in the end; Shortly afterwards, at once, immediately, all of a sudden, suddenly, soon;The moment, as soon as, the first time, not until, next time, before, after, etc;议论文模板一、正反观点式议论文模板导入：第1段：Recently weve had a discussion about whether we should（导入话题）Our opinions are divided on this topic.（观点有分歧）正文：第2段：Most of the students are in favor of it.（正方观点）Here are the reasons. First SecondFinally（列出23个赞成的理由）第3段：However, the others are strongly against it.（反方观点）Their reasons are as follows. In the first place Whats more In addition（列出23个反对的理由）结论：第4段：Personally speaking ,the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more good than harm, so I support it （个人观点）二、“A”或者“B”类议论文模板：导入：第1段Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.正文：第2段There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that Another reason is that (赞同A的原因)第3段：All these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that A is superior to B in many ways.(得出结论)三、观点论述类议论文模板：导入：第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题As a student, I am strongly in favor of the decision. (亮明自已的观点是赞成还是反对)The reasons for this may be listed as follows. （过渡句，承上启下）正文：第2段：First of all SecondlyBesides（列出23个赞成或反对的理由）结论：第3段：In conclusion, I believe that (照应第1段，构成“总分总”结构)四、连贯地连接信息（1）常用的过渡词（组）1. 表示并列 whats more, in addition, too ,as well ,besides, furthermore, moreover ,whats worse.2. 表示因果 therefore, for this reason, thus, consequently.3. 表示转折 but, however, on the contrary, instead, on one hand on the other hand4. 表示时间顺序 later, afterwards, from then on ,eventually, in the meantime, then, at the same time, after a while, at present, after that, finally5. 表示列举 first, to begin with, secondly, first of all, then, next, finally6. 举例说明 such as, for example, for instance, take for example7. 表示让步 nevertheless, still8. 表示对比 on the contrary, in contrast, similarly9. 陈述事实 in fact, actually ,as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth10. 表示总结 in a word, in short, to sum up, in conclusion, on the whole, to conclude, in brief, in summary, in general, all in all11. 表示意义重复 thats to say, in other words, to put it in another way, to put it differently12. 表示强调 above all, more importantly, indeed, without any doubt(2)常用的过渡句式有：1. I do agree with 2. In some way, I agree with,but3. This point sounds right, but 4. However, I think5. I definitely believe 6. In my opinion/view, 7. Personally, I feel that/ Personally, I agree with8. As far as Im concerned,9. I cant agree more with the father. Such cases are often seen in our life10. Attitudes towardsare various. 11. for one thing. .for another12. last but not the least.(3)表达观点认为Think/feel/consider/say /hold that/hold the view that /insist/believe that依我看In my opinion/in my view/ in my eyes /as far as I am concerned就我所知As far as I know我有理由如下My reasons are as follows我的观点如下Here are my opinions赞成/支持Agree/be for/be in favor of恐怕Im afraid that我相信Im convinced that我反对I dont agree with the idea that（4）引用 俗话说/常言道There goes the old saying As the saying goes There is a sayingAs a proverb says As we all know（5）常用句子1. Different people (students) have different ideas.2. Different people look at in different ways.3. 60% of the students hold the view that On the other hand, 40% believe that 4. Opinions on the question are divided as follows: 70% of the students think that. On the other hand, 30% dont like the idea of.5. Id love to give my opinion about.6. There are many advantages in First.Second, Third However , there are some disadvantages as well. Besides,议论文通常由立论、论证和结论三部分组成，120词左右的议论文无需大量旁征博引，但要观点明确，逻辑严密，语言简练，以理服人。同学们在写议论文时不妨采用下面的方法来试一试。一、结构上采用三或四段式，显得简明晰。首段先写主题，然后第二部分写正方或支持方及反方或反对方的观点，尾段写自己的看法或意见，段落一定要清晰。二、套话先行。套话先行可以起到先声夺人的效果。这既能迅速博得阅卷老师的好感，又能避免过早出现无谓的错误。1、首段通常为1） Many nations/college students have been faced with the problem of 2） Recently the problem has been brought into focus.3） Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.4） Recently the issue has aroused great concern among 5） Nowadays there is a growing concern over 6） Never in our history has the idea that been so popular.7） Faced with , quite a few people argue that 8） According to a recent survey, 9） With the rapid development of economy/society,10）Recently we held(have hold)a discussion whether.11) When it comes to, (当说到)2.、第二段首句通常可以这样写：As is known to allplay(s)an important part/role in our daily life/modern society. However, different people have different opinions(背熟此句，想错都难) Some people/The majority of the students think it (is) a good idea/important/useful/convenient for somebody（根据题意改人称）to do. Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true列举观点或Obviously . has both advantages and disadvantages./However，just as every coin has two sides，has its disadvantages如果是两个论据，可以采用下列模式：on one hand+1+on the other hand 2.或is one thing.is another如果是三个以上的论据，则可以简单采用以下模式：Firstly,/to begin with+Secondly/furthermore,Finally/last but not the least,注意：表明各方观点时常用一般现在时态。3.结论 陈述自己观点There is probably some truth in both argumentsstatements，butAs far as Im concerned/Personally/As for me/in my opinion/Personally speaking(尽量避免使用I think).总结全文时常用到in one/a word，generally speaking，to conclude。若提出解决办法时却常使用下一句型：1） From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that 2） It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop 3）. We should take measures to 4）. Wed better take effective measures to prevent 5）. T