定语从句知识要点.docx

欢迎光临Magiccube1号的免费百度文库 考查above which的一道高考题下面一题是福建卷的一道高考题：By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _ appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. of whichB. on whichC. from whichD. above which【分析】答案为D。根据常识可知，rainbow应该是在山的上方，故用above。句中的above which appeared a rare rainbow soon为非限制性定语从句，且该从句是一个倒装句，为便于理解，此句可改写为：and soon a rare rainbow appeared above Mount Qomolangma. 全句意为：所有的奥运火炬手都在9点钟前就到达了珠穆朗玛峰，其后不久，山顶上的天空出现了罕见的彩虹。如何快速区别非限制性定语从句与并列句如何快速区别非限制性定语从句与并列句？请看看下面这道题：He wrote a lot of novels, none of _ were popular. Its the same with his wife. She wrote some plays, but none of _ was a success. A. these, themB. which, whichC. those, whichD. which, them此题应选 D。很容易误选A，B。选对该题的关键是：要注意前面一句的 none of.没有并列连词(说明它才是非限制性定语从句，所以其后填which)，而后面一句的none of.前有一并列连词but(说明它与前面一句构成并列句，所以其后填them)。请做以下类似题(注意and, but等的有无)。如：1. a. He has two sons,but neither of _ is clever. b. He has two sons, neither of_ is clever. A. them, them B. whom, whomC. them, whomD. whom, them2. a. Mr Smith made a lot of money, most of_ was spent helping the poor. b. Mr Smith made a lot of money, and most of_ was spent helping the poor. A. it, it B. which, which C. it, which D. which, it类似地，以下一题也与 but, and 这类词的有无相关：3. _many times, but he still couldnt remember. A. Having been toldB. Being toldC. Having toldD. He was told 答案：1. C 2. D 3. D如何理解非谓语动词的时态非谓语动词的时态问题比较复杂，但如果同学们能掌握以下基本的原则，对于做题将会大有帮助：如果非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，就用不定式的一般式；如果非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行，则用现在分词的一般式或不定式的进行式；如果非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词、不定式或动名词的完成式(某些特殊情况下也可用动名词的一般式)。如：She asked us to give her a hand. 她请我们帮她一下。The weather seems to be improving. 天气似乎在好转。He discovered her sitting near the fire, reading a book. 他发现她坐在炉火边看书。There appears to have been an accident. 好像出了事故。Having been his own boss for such a long time, he found it hard to accept orders from another. 自己当老板当了很久，他觉得难以听从别人的差遣。He was angry with himself for having made such a foolish mistake. 他因做出如此愚蠢的事而对自己生气。注：过去分词既没有完成式，也没有进行式。如何理解非谓语动词的语态一、总的使用原则若非谓语动词与其逻辑主语为主动关系，就用主动形式；若非谓语动词与其逻辑主语为被动关系，就用被动形式。如：I like watching others working. 我喜欢看别人干活。I dont like being watched. 我不喜欢被人盯着。You should send someone to repair it. 你应将人去修好它。You should send it to be repaired. 你应将它送去修理。Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 无人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。Not being seen by anyone, he slipped through the window. 他趁无人看见时从窗户溜了出去。二、值得注意的问题在某些特殊句式中，非谓语动词可以用主动形式表示被动意义。如：那个节目是不值得观看的。误：That program isnt worth being watched.正：That program isnt worth watching.那样的问题有时很难回答。误：Such questions are some times difficult to be answered. 正：Such questions are some times difficult to answer. 使用定语从句的几个误区（一）有的英语初学者在使用定语从句时，有时会在从句中误加与关系代词同义的人称代词，这是不对的。如：This is the book that I have read _ dozens of times. But I have never read _. A. it, B. ，itC. it, it D. ，此题应选B。容易误选C。本题第二句填代词 it, 这容易理解。而第一句不能填 it, 则是考生很容易忽视的。显然第一句中的 that I have read dozens of times 是修饰 the book 的定语从句，此句中的动词read不能再接用 it作宾语，因为它已有宾语that(也可省略)。在做有关定语从句的试题时，考生千万不要在定语从句中重复使用与关系词(或先行词)指代相同的人称代词。如：我们昨晚看的电影很精彩。误：The film we saw it last night was wonderful. 正：The film we saw last night was wonderful. 刚才同你讲话的那个人是谁? 误：Whos the man you just talked to him? 正：Whos the man you just talked to? 你昨天借给我的书很有趣。误：The book you lent it me yesterday was very interesting. 正：The book you lent me yesterday was very interesting. 他就是去年死了妻子的那个人。误：He is the man whosehis wife died last year. 正：He is the man whose wife died last year. 使用定语从句的几个误区（二）初学者在使用定语从句时，有个经常犯的错误就是分不清是定语从句还是其他从句。请看下面的题目：Is this room _ he lived in last year? Is this the room _ he lived in last year? A. that, thatB. the one, the one C. that, the oneD. the one, that此题应选D。容易误选A。为了便于分析，我们先将以上两句还原成陈述句(注意is的位置)。如：(1)This room is _ he lived in last year. (2)This is the room _he lived in last year. 第(1)句填the one, 用作表语，其后的 (that) he lived in last year是用以修饰the one 的定语从句。此句若直接填that, 则不是定语从句(因为没有先行词)，而是表语从句。但是由于引导表语从句的that不能充当句了成分，而其后的介词in又缺宾语，所以导致错误。第(2)句填 that, 它是关系代词，用以引导定语从句(he lived in last year)修饰the room。请做以下类例试题。如：(1)Is this the book _ you want to buy? Is this book _ you want to buy? A. that, that B. the one, the one C. that, the oneD. the one, that(2)Is this room _ he lived in 5 years ago? Is this the room _ he lived in 5 years ago? A. that, that B. the one, the one C. that, the oneD. the one, that答案：(1) C (2) D使用定语从句的几个误区（三）有的同学一看到先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，就认为一定要用关系副词，其实也不一定。在此情况下，还要看关系词在定语从句中是用作什么成分，若是用作状语，则用关系副词，若不是用作状语(如用作主语、宾语等)则不能用关系副词，而用关系代词。比较：This is the factory where I want to work. 这就是我想工作的工厂。(work为不及物动词where在从句中用作状语)This is the factory that I want to visit. 这就是我想参观的工厂。(visit为及物动词，that用作visit的宾语)The reason why he cant come is that he is ill. 他没来的是因为他病了。(come为不及物动词，why在定语从句中用作状语)The reason that he put forth is very important. 他提出的理由很重要。(put forth为及物动词，that在定语从句中用作其宾语)使用定语从句的几个误区（四）1.误认为关系代词whose只用于修饰人whose用作疑问代词时，主要用于指人；但用作关系代词时，它既可指人也可指物。如：It was an island, whose name I have forgotten. 它是一座岛，名字我忘了。The factory, whose workers are all women, is closed during the holidays. 这家工厂工人都是妇女，在假期中工厂关门了。2.混淆定语从句与并列句请看下面两题：(1) He has two children, and both of _ are abroad.A. themB. whichC. whomD. who(2) He has two children, both of _ are abroad.A. themB. whichC. whomD. who第(1)题选A，第(2)题选C。由于第(1)题中用了并列连词and，从而使整个句子为并列句，and后应是一个独立的简单句，所以选A不选C；第(2)题没有并列连词and，both of whom are abroad为非限制性定语从句。另外，请比较下题(答案为A)：He has two children, both of _ being abroad.A. themB. whichC. whomD. who3.误认为逗号后一定是非限制性定语从句有的同学一看见逗号，就以为一定要选which而不选that，但问题是有时根本就不是定语从句。如：(1) If a book is in English, _ means slow progress for you.A. asB. whichC. whatD. that(2) When I say two hours, _ includes time for eating. A. asB. whichC. whatD. that以上两题均应选that，而不能选which，因为它们根本不是定语从句。之所以选that，是因为句中已有if和when引导的状语从句，逗号后为主句，that为主句主语。做定语从句试题的基本方法请看下面这道定语从句考题：In fact the man didnt understand the three questions _ were asked in French. A. whereB. whoC. in whichD. which此题应选 D。从句子成分看，修饰 questions 的定语从句缺主语，所以不能选 A(where)，C(in which)。又因为这里的先行词(questions)是指事不是指人，所以只能选D(which)不能选B(who)。考生在做定语从句试题时，大体上要分清以下几点：1. 是定语从句还是其他从句( 从句意和句法功能等方面去考虑)。2. 是用关系代词还是关系副词。关系代词和关系副词的选择主要看关系词在句中的句法功能。一般说来，关系代词(that，which，who，whom 等)主要用作主语和宾语；关系副词(when，where，why)主要用作状语；作定语时用whose。3. 受定语从句修饰的先行词是指人(who，whom，that) 还是指物(that，which)；是作主语(who，that，which)还是作宾语(which，whom，who)等。4. 关系代词可否省略(在通常情况下，只有限制性定语从句中用作宾语的关系代词才能省略)。5. 是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句 (关系代词that以及关系副词why等均不能引导非限制性定语从句)。6. 在“介词which”结构中，介词的正确选择(主要看相关名词和动词的习惯搭配)。做题时当心定语从句的干扰有这样一道题，这个 to 的后面该什么呢？The letter they were looking forward to _ at last.A. arrivedB. arriving C. had arrivedD. arrive分析：对于此题，基础稍差的同学可能选D，认为空格前的 to 是不定式符号，所以后接动词原形；基础稍好的同学可能会选B，知道 look forward to 是短语，意为“盼望”，其中的 to 是介词，而不是不定式符号，所以后接动名词；只有基础扎实、语感好、而且细心的同学才会选A，诚如上面所说，look forward to 中的