疑问词不定式结构.doc

“疑问词+不定式动词”结构 陈清霖英语有个很有用的结构，就是：疑问词+不定式动词（question word + to-infinitive）。 疑问词是疑问代词“who, whom, what, which, whose”和疑问副词“when, where, how, why ”。此外，连接词“whether”也适用。 “疑问词+不定式动词”结构有何功用呢？其主要功用有下列五种： 当主语，如： When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided. Where to live is a problem. How to cope with the rising cost of living becomes a daily discussion topic. 当宾语，如： We must know what to say at a meeting. He could not tell whom to trust. Do you know how to play bridge? 当补足语，如： The problem is where to find the financial aid. The question is who to elect. 当名词同位语，如： Tom had no idea which book to read first. Do you have a rough impression how to do it? 当宾语补足语，如： Jim is not sure whose to choose. Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not. 适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括：“know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wonder, understand”等。 有点值得特别注意的是：当这结构当宾语时，它的作用等于名词分句，例如： I could not decide which dictonary to buy. / I could not decide which dictionary I should buy. Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher./ Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher. 有些动词，如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach”等，可以先有个宾语，然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词” 结构。例如： The chief technician showed the apprentice how to repair the machine. Have you told him where to get the application form? 综上所述，可见“疑问词+不定式动词”结构是个形象清新，既容易用又不容易出错的特别结构，可以多多运用。 “疑问词+不定式”结构小结2010-04-06 21:25“疑问词+不定式”结构小结疑问词+不定式”是英语中很有用的结构。疑问词是疑问代词“who, whom, what, which, whose”和疑问副词“when, where, how”。 一、几种用法： 作主语。如： When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided. 作宾语。如： We must know what to say at a meeting. 作表语。如： The problem is where to find the financial aid. 作同位语。如： Tom had no idea which book to read first. 用于双重宾语。如： I can tell you where to get this book. 二、注意事项： 1、并非所有动词都适用于“疑问词+不定式”结构，主要有：“know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, forget, learn, remember, wonder, understand”等。 2、当这个结构作宾语时，它的作用相当于名词性从句。如： I could not decide which dictionary to buy. / I could not decide which dictionary I should buy. Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher./ Jack did not know where he could find such a good teacher. 3、有些动词，如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform, teach”等，可以先有个宾语，然后再接适当的“疑问词+不定式” 结构。如： Have you told him where to get the application form?4、这种结构中，疑问代词须接及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语(who, which除外)【误】 I dont know what to talk. 【正】 I dont know what to talk about.但可以说：We havent decided who (which) to go. 我们还没定谁(哪个)去。5这种结构中的疑问副词后要接不及物动词；若接及物动词, 要有动词的宾语。I dont know how to talk. 我不知如何谈。I wonder if you could tell me how to do it. 不知您能否告诉我如何去做这件事。(不能说: . how to do.)三、考点例析：1. There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know _. A. where to choose B. which to choose C. to choose what D. to choose which 考点：疑问词不定式的语序；疑问词的选用。 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 考点：疑问词后接动词的用法。 家好，“疑问词 + 动词不定式”构成的不定式短语是本话题的语法“主角”。想了解它的更多知识，请关注以下三个看点： 第一看点： “疑问词 + 动词不定式”的个性 此结构中疑问词包括疑问代词who, what, which以及疑问副词when, where, how等（不与why连用）。这些“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构经常放在forget, find out, discuss, decide, tell, teach, know, learn, wonder, remember等动词之后作宾语。如： I dont know what to do. 我不知道该做什么。 He told me how to answer all the questions in English. 他告诉我怎样用英语回答所有的问题。 第二看点：“疑问词 + 动词不定式”的功用 “疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构在句子中可以用作宾语、主语和表语等。如： How to do it is a question. 如何做是个问题。（用作主语） He knows what to do and what not to do. 他知道该做什么，不该做什么。（用作动词宾语） The question is how to put it. 问题是应该把它如何放才好。（用作表语） 第三看点：“疑问词 + 动词不定式”的转换 “疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构相当于一个名词性从句，常常可用同等成分的从句代替。改写后的句子需要在疑问词后加上相对应的主语，并要注意主谓语单复数的一致性。如： The question is where to put it. The question is where we should put it. 问题是应该把它放在哪里才好。 一些动词如tell, know, ask, show, teach, find (out), forget等都可接“疑问代（副）词（why除外） + 不定式”作宾语，充当简单句，其意义相当于一个宾语从句。这种句式可转化为含宾语从句的复合句。当然在句型转换中，并非所有的宾语从句都能转换为“疑问词 + 不定式”结构。 看一下下面的情况： 主句的谓语动词是decide, hope, wish, know, forget等时，句子中的“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构可转化为宾语从句。此时从句的主语和主句的主语相同。如： We cant decide when to start. We cant decide when we should start. We don