非谓语动词考察热点例说.doc

非谓语动词考查热点例说 语法讲解加入时间：2008-9-5 9:28:08 点击：1296非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词的-ing形式和过去分词。非谓语动词在每年的中考中，都要占有一定的比例。为了帮助同学们认真复习，现将其考查热点总结如下：一、非谓语动词作宾语例 1They decided _ the science museum after schoolAvisit BvisitedCto visit Dvisiting析：want，wish，hope，hope，decide，learn，choose，plan，would likelove等动词后，一般只能跟不定式作宾语，而不能用动词的ing形式作宾语。答案是C。例2. Lin Tao doesnt know _ itAhow to do Bwhat to doChow use Ddo what析：本题考查带疑问词的不定式作宾语。英语中有些动词如ask，know，learn，decide，tell等后接连接代词副词+不定式作宾语。当不定式部分有宾语时用连接词how，无宾语时用连接词what。答案是A。例3He found _ difficult to get to sleep at nightAthis Bit Cthat析：有些动词如find，believe，think后接不定式作宾语时，若其后有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后，即find / believethink + it+形容词+ to do sth。答案是 B。例 4The girl enjoys _ to the radio very muchAlisten Bto listen Clistening Dlistened析：enjoy doing sth意为喜爱做某事。动词后只能跟 v-ing作宾语的有：enjoy，finish，mind，miss，practise，keep，give up等。例5Teachers must stop the students from _（smoke）析：stopfrom doing意为阻止做某事。类似的介词后跟v-ing形式作宾语的短语还有：be good at doing sth（擅长）；do well in doing sth（在某方面做得好）；prevent sb from doing sth（阻止某人做某事）；feel like doing sth（想做某事）；Thank you for doing sth（谢谢做了某事）；WhatHow about doing sth？（怎么样？）。本题正确答案是smoking。例 6My mother is busy（get）_ ready for Christmas析：be busy doing sth意为忙着做某事。答案是getting二、非谓语动词作主语例 l_ is important for us to learn English wellAThis BThat CIt析：不定式作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，而用it作形式主语。答案是C。例 2Its difficult _ a middle school student to develop a program例 3Its very kind you to help me.析：说明不定式的动作是谁做的，可在不定式前加一个for或of引起的短语。如果句中的形容词（如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever等）是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质等的，要用of sb，在逻辑上sb与该形容词有主语和表语的关系。如果形容词（如difficult，easy，hard，dangerous，important等）仅仅是描述事物，而不对不定式行为者进行评价，就要用for sb。这时sb与该形容词在逻辑上没有主语和表语的关系。答案：2for 3of。例 4_ too much chocolate is bad for your teethAEat BEatingCAte DEats析：Ving形式作主语。答案是B。三、不定式作定语例1Would you like something_（eat）？析：不定式作定语修饰不定代词时要后置。答案是to eat。例 2They are looking for a house_. Alive BlivingCto live Dto live in析：不定式作定语时和它所修饰的词之间有一种逻辑上的动宾关系。如果不定式是不及物动词，则要带上必要的介词，构成及物动词短语。答案是D。四、不定式作宾补例 lMother told me _ some clothes last nightAwash Bto washCwashed Dwashing例2改错：I hope you to learn from him. 析：动词ask，tell，want，would like，like，invite，encourage，teach，wish等后接不定式作宾补。即asktellwantwould likelikeinviteencourageteachwish sh to do sth。hope和wish都表示希望，但hope后只能跟不定式或从句作宾语，不能接不定式作宾补，而wish可以接不定式作宾语，也可接不定式作宾补。答案： lB 2hope改为wish。例3How did Ling Feng make the baby_（stop）crying？例4The workers were made_（work）day and night析：使役动词（如let，make）和感观动词（如see，hear，watch，feel等）后接不带to的不定式作宾补。不定式在help后作宾补时，to可有可无。但改为被动语态时，省略的to必须补出来（但let一般不用于被动语态）。答案：3stop 4to work。五、不定式的否定形式例1The policeman told the children_ on the roadAto not play Bnot playCnot to play Ddidnt play析：不定式的否定形式是在to前加not。asktellwantteach sb not to do sth是考查的重点。答案是C。六、既可后接动词不定式又可后接动名词的动词例 lAfter he got home，he began_(do)his homework析：有些动词如begin，start等后接不定式和ving形式，意思上没有差别。答案是to dodoing。例2Jim likes _ basketball，but he likes_（play）football this afternoon析：有些动词如like，love，prefer，hate等，若表示一般的倾向，其后多用动词的ing形式；若指特定或具体的行为时，多用不定式，答案：1playing 2to play。例3一Do you still _ remember somewhere in Beijing？Yes，of courseTwo years agoAto see BseeCseeing Dsaw例4Though it rained very heavily，they went on _. Aworking Bto workCworks Dworked例5Dont stop（have）a rest before you finish your work例 6Have you finished _ the book？-Not yetIll try _ it to you before FridayAreadingreturningBto readto returnCreadingto returnDto readreturning析：有些动词后跟不定式与后跟ving形式其意思完全不同。 remember/forget to do sth记住忘记去做某事；rememberforget doing sth记得忘记做过某事。go on doing sth继续做某事（指同一件事）；go on to do sth继续去做某事（另一件事）。stop doing sth停止做某事（指正在做的事情）；stop to do sth停下去做某事（另一件事）。try doing sth试着做某事；try to do sth尽力做某事。答案：3C 4A 5to have 6C。例7When I was walking past the post office, I saw the accident _ (happen). 例8We heard her_（cry）for help when we passed by析：感官动词see，watch，hear，feel等后，既可以接不定式作宾补，也可以接ving形式作宾补。前者表示动作的全过程已结束，后者表示动作正在进行。答案是：7happen 8crying。七、一些固定用法及句型例lThe hospital is very far from here. Youd better_（take）a taxi析：had better do sth意为最好做某事，否定形式为had better not do sth最好不做某事。答案是take。例2Would you please_（not drop）your shoes on me floor？析：WillWould you please（not）do sth？的意思是：请你（不要）好吗？答案是not drop。例3Why not _（have）a short rest under the big tree？析：Why not do sth？Why dont you do sth？意为为什么不做？，也用于表示向对方提建议。答案是have。例4He spends an hour_（read）English every day. 析：Sbspends so。timemoney（in）doing sth的意思是某人花了多长时间金钱做某事。答案是reading