药学名词(英-中).doc

药学名词（英-中） absolute lethal dose绝对致死剂量absorption rate constant吸收速率常数acetylcholine乙酰胆碱乙酰胆碱acetylcholinesterase乙酰胆碱酯酶activation激活作用activator激活剂acute toxicity test急性毒性实验addition相加作用additive附加剂additive effect累加效应；相加作用adenosine phosphate腺苷磷酸adjuvant佐剂adrenergic nerve肾上腺素能神经adrenergic receptor肾上腺素能受体adverse reaction不良反应aerogel气凝胶aerosol气溶胶；气雾剂albumin microballoons白蛋白微球制剂alkali-poisoning碱中毒alkaloid生物碱alkalosis碱中毒allergic reaction变态反应allergy变态反应allotted date of drug quality ensuring by manufacturer药品负责期anaphylactic drug reaction过敏性药物反应anaphylatoxin过敏毒素anatoxin类毒素antagonism拮抗作用antibacterial spectrum抗菌谱antibody抗体antigen抗原antipode对映体antiserum抗血清antitoxin抗毒素aqua regia王水aromatic compound芳族化合物artificial antigen人工合成抗原artificial immunization人工免疫astringent收敛药autoimmunity自身免疫bactericidal activity杀菌活性bactericidal effect杀菌作用bacteriophage噬菌体bacteriostatic activity抑菌活性bactriostasis抑菌作用Becquerel贝克勒尔bioavailability生物利用度biochemistry生物化学biogenic amine生物胺biological half life生物半衰期biological product生物制品biometrics生物统计学biometry生物统计学biopharmacy生物药剂学blood coagulation血液凝固blood concentration血药浓度blood products血液制品blood volume expander血容量扩充剂blood-cerebral barrier血脑屏障body fluid体液body surface area体表面积broad-spectrum antibiotic广谱抗生素carcinogen致癌物carcinogenic test致癌实验carrier载体catecholamine儿茶酚胺cellular immunity细胞免疫chelating agent螯合剂chemical analysis化学分析chemical disinfection化学消毒法chemical physics化学物理学chemotherapy化学药物治疗chewable tablets嚼用片chiral drug手性药物chlinical pharmacy临床药学cholinesterase胆碱酯酶chronaxia时值chronaxy时值chronic toxicity test慢性毒性实验chronopharmacology时辰药理学chronosusceptability时间感受性chronotherapy时间治疗cipher prescription协定处方clinical pharmacology临床药理学coated tablet包衣片coefficient of diffusion扩散系数coenzyme辅酶cold-storage冷藏complement补体complement system补体系统complete antigen完全抗原complex solubilizer助溶剂concentration浓度content uniformity含量均匀度controlled release preparation控释制剂covalent bond共价键crude drugs生药；天然药物cumulative urinary excretion curves累积尿排泄曲线cytotoxic hexitols己糖醇细胞毒剂date of expiration药品有效期desiccant干燥剂detoxication解毒作用dextrorotatory form右旋体dextrose右旋糖diffusion扩散directed pharmaceutical preparations定向药物制剂discontinuous sterilization间歇灭菌法disintegrants崩解剂disintegration崩解度dispensing pharmacy调剂学dissolution溶解dissolvent溶剂dissolving溶解dosage剂量dosage form剂型dosage regimen or dose rate给药方案或给药速度dose剂量dose or concentration dependency剂量或浓度的依存性dosing interval给药间隔double-blind technique双盲法drug absorption药物吸收drug accumulation药物蓄积drug administration law药品管理法drug batch number药品批号drug combination合并用药drug distribution药物分布drug elimination药物消除drug excretion药物排泄drug interaction药物相互作用drug metablic enzyme药物代谢酶drug metabolism药物代谢drug reaction药物反应drug sensitive test药敏试验drug standard药品质量标准Drug Standard of Ministry of Public Health of the Peoples Republic of China中华人民共和国卫生部药品标准drug tolerance耐药性drug-induced diseases药源性疾病drug-time curve药时曲线drying agent干燥剂EDO最大无作用剂量effect效应effective concentration有效浓度effective halt有效半衰期effective rate有效率effector效应器；效应物electrolyte电解质electrolyzation电解elimination rate constant消除速率常数endotoxin内毒素enteric coating肠溶衣enteric controlled release tablets肠溶控释片enterohepatic circulation肠肝循环environmental pharmacology环境药理学enzyme酶equivalent law当量定律equivalent weight当量essential aminoacid必需氨基酸essential drugs基本药物essential fatty acid必需脂肪酸ethnopharmacology人种药理学etiological treatment对因治疗excipients辅料excitability兴奋性exotoxin外毒素expiry date药品有效期extravascular administration血管外给药fatal dose致死量fermentation发酵film-coating薄膜衣filter aid助滤剂filtration过滤first pass effect of hepar肝首过效应first-pass effect首过效应freezing冷冻gamma rays丙种射线gas analysis气体分析gene基因Geneva nomenclature日内瓦命名法gluconeogenesis糖异生作用glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶glycolysis酵解gram molecular weight克分子量gram-atom克原子gram-equivalent number克当量数gram-equivalent weight克当量gram-mol克分子gram-molecule克分子growth curve生长曲线half lethal dose半数致死剂量half life time半衰期half-life period半衰期halogenide卤化物haptene半抗原hemolysis溶血histamine组胺holonzyme and prosthetic group全酶与辅基hormone激素humoral immunity体液免疫hydrolysis水解（作用）hyperreactivity高敏性immuno inhibitor免疫抑制剂immunoenhancement免疫增强剂immunogenicity免疫原性immunosuppressant免疫抑制剂implants埋植剂incomplete antigen不完全抗原indirect carcinogenesis间接致癌individual differences个体差异性individual variation个体差异性industrial pharmacy工业药剂学inhalation吸入法innocuity test method安全试验法intermediate中间体intoxication中毒intracorporal process of drugs药物的体内过程intrathecal injection鞘内注射intravascular administration血管内给药isomerase异构酶isotonic solution等张溶液isotope同位素Janbons syndromeJanbon综合症lag time时滞LD100绝对致死剂量LD50半数致死剂量LDO最大耐受剂量least significant difference最小显著差数lethal dose致死量levorotatory form左旋体levulose左旋糖light quantum光量子limit date of using a drug after its production药品使用期Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay for endotoxin内毒素鲎试剂测定法linear correlation直线相关liniments搽剂liposome脂质体long term toxicity test长期毒性实验；慢性毒性实验low density lipoprotein低密度脂蛋白lysozyme溶菌酶macromolecule大分子magnetic controlled release dosage form磁性控释制剂magnetic medicinal preparations磁性药物制剂materia medica药物学maxial noneffective dose最大无作用剂量maximal tolerable dose最大耐受剂量median lethal dose半数致死剂量mediator介质medical colloidal solution胶体溶液型药剂medium介质mesomer内消旋体microsomal enzyme微粒体酶minimal effective dose最小有效量minimal lethal dose最小致死剂量mixture合剂MLD最小致死剂量mol fraction concentration摩尔分数浓度molal comcentration克分子浓度molar comcentratin克分子浓度molar fraction克分子分数molar volume摩尔分子体积molarity摩尔浓度mole摩尔mole volume摩尔分子体积molecular biology分子生物学molecular disease分子病molecular pharmacology分子药理学molecular solution分子溶液monoclonal antibody单克隆抗体multifunctional enzyme多功能酶multiple dose administration多剂量给药mutation突变natural antibody天然抗体natural antigen天然抗原natural drugs天然药物natural immunity天然免疫neurotoxin神经毒素nitrite poisoning亚硝酸盐中毒nitrohydrochloric acid王水non-essential amino acid非必需氨基酸nondepolarizer非去极化型肌松药normal solution当量溶液normality当量浓度nucleotide核苷酸nutrient营养素ocular inserts眼用膜剂official formula法定处方oligosaccharides低聚糖oral administration口腔内给药oral medicaed soluble paper纸型片剂osmotic pressure渗透压parts per billion concentrationPPB浓度parts per hundred concentrationPPH浓度parts per hundred million concentrationpphm浓度parts per million concentrationppm浓度passive immunity被动免疫passive transport被动转运peak concentration of drug药峰浓度peak time of drug药峰时间penetration enhancers穿透促进剂percentage concentration百分浓度phagocytosis吞噬作用pharmaceutical analysis药物分析pharmaceutical chemistry药物化学pharmaceutical equivalence药剂等效性pharmaceutics药剂学pharmacodynamics药效动力学pharmacogenetics药物遗传学pharmacokinetics model药物动力学模型pharmacology药理学；药物学physical dependence身体依赖性physical pharmaceutics物理药剂学pill滴丸剂placebo安慰剂plasma血浆plasma protein binding ratio血浆蛋白结合率plasma substitute血浆代用液plaster硬膏剂poisoning中毒polyose多糖polypeptide多肽potency效价；效价强度potency unit效价单位powerful drug剧药preparation制剂prescription处方prodrug前体药物proenzyme酶原prohormone激素原prolonged action preparation长效制剂prosthetic group辅基psychic dependence精神依赖性quantum pharmacology量子药理学raceme外消旋体radiopharmaceutics放射药剂学radiotoxicology放射毒理学receptor感受器；受体receptor antagonist受体拮抗剂receptor stimulant受体激动剂recipe处方rectal administration直肠给药refrigeration冷冻relative dosage interval相对给药间隔resistance to drugs抗药性restrictive holagogue限制性剧药ribonucleic acid核糖核酸RNA核糖核酸safety coefficient安全系统safety range安全范围saponins皂甙saturated solution饱和溶液selectivity选择性semi-logarithmic curve of drug-time药时半对数曲线semisynthetic antibiotics半合成抗生素sensitivity敏感性sensitization致敏作用sensitization test致敏试验sequential design序贯设计serum血清short term carcinogenic test短期致癌实验side effect副作用skin and mucocutaneous administration皮肤、粘膜表面给药slow pathway慢通道solute溶质solvent溶剂steady state plasma concentration稳态血药浓度steroid withdrawal syndrome类固醇停药综合征subacute intoxication亚急性中毒subacute poisoning亚急性中毒superinfection二重感染superoxide过氧化物surface activity表面活性surface tension表面张力suspending agent助悬剂suspension悬浮液symptomatic treatment对症治疗synergism协同作用synthetic drugs合成药物tablet hardness片剂硬度tachyphylaxis快速耐受target cell靶细胞targetable drug delivery向靶给药TDM治疗药物临测technology of pharmaceutics制剂学teratogen致畸物teratogenic test致畸试验the Merck index默克索引therapeutic action治疗作用therapeutic dose治疗量therapeutic drug monitoring治疗药物临测therapeutic equivalence治疗等效（值）therapeutic index TI治疗指数threshold dose阈剂量time-effect relationship时效关系tincture酊剂titration滴定titration curve滴定曲线tolerance耐受性toxic reaction毒性反应toxic response毒性反应toxicology毒理学toxoid类毒素trace element痕量元素；微量元素transmitter递质；介质tricarboxylic acid cycle三羧酸循环volume by volume concentration体积比浓度WHO世界卫生组织World Health Organization世界卫生组织药名常用词首 ace-乙（酰基）acet-醋；醋酸；乙酸acetamido-乙酰胺基acetenyl-乙炔基acetoxy-醋酸基；乙酰氧基acetyl-乙酰（基）aetio-初allo-别allyl-烯丙（基）；CH2=CH-CH2-amido-酰胺（基）anilino-苯胺基anisoyl-茴香酰；甲氧苯酰apo-阿朴；去水aryl-芳（香）基aspartyl-门冬氨酰auri-金（基）；（三价）金基aza-氮（杂）azido-叠氮azo-偶氮basi-碱baso-碱benxoyl-苯酰；苯甲酰benzyl-苄（基）；苯甲酰biphenyl-联苯基biphenylyl-联苯基bis-双；二bor-硼boro-硼bromo-溴butenyl-丁烯基（有1、2、3位三种）butoxyl-丁氧基butyl-丁基butyryl-丁酰caprinoyl-癸酰caproyl-己酰capryl-癸酰capryloyl-辛酰caprylyl-辛酰cef-头孢（头孢菌素族抗生素词首）chlor-氯绿chloro-氯绿clo-氯dec-十；癸deca-十；癸dehydro-去氢；去水demethoxy-去甲氧（基）demethyl-去甲（基）deoxy-去氧des-去；脱desmethyl-去甲（基）desoxy-去氧diamino-二氨基diazo-重氮dihydro-二氢；双氢endo-桥epi-表；差向epoxy-环氧estr-雌ethinyl-乙炔（基）ethoxyl-乙氧（基）ethyl-乙基etio-初eu-优fluor-氟荧光fluoro-氟荧光formyl-甲酰（基）guanyl-脒基hepta-七；庚hetero-杂hexa-六；己homo-高(比原化合物多一个-CH2-)hypo-次io-碘indo-碘laevo-左旋leuco-白levo-左旋mercapto-巯基meso-不旋；内消旋中（间）中（位）（蒽环的9、10位）meta-间（有机系统用名）偏（无机酸用）methoxy-甲氧基methyl-甲基nitro-硝基nitroso-亚硝基nona-九；壬nor-去甲；降；正ortho-邻（位）正原oxalo-草oxo-氧代oxy-氧羟基（误称，但常用）para-对（位）副（俗名）per-高过phenoxy-苯氧（基）phenyl-苯基phospho-磷；磷酸phosphor-磷；磷酸phosphoro-磷；磷酸phyllo-叶propyl-丙基proto-原sec-另（指CH3CH2CH(CH3)-型烃基sulfa-磺胺（磺胺类药物词头）sulfo-硫代磺基sulph-硫代sulpho-硫代磺基tert-特（指CH3C(CH3)2-型烃基）叔thio-硫undeca-十一valyl-缬氨酰（基）vinyl-乙烯基xantho-黄色药名常用词干 一、抗微生物药抗生素-bactam-巴坦-内酰胺酶抑制药类，如溴巴坦cef-头孢-头孢菌素类-cidin-西定不属于其他类的天然抗生素-cillin-西林青霉素类-cycline-环素四环素类-gillin-洁林曲霉菌属抗生素类-kacin-卡星卡那霉素类-micin-米星小单孢菌属抗生素-monam-莫南单巴坦类抗生素-mycin-霉素链霉菌属抗生素-oxef-氧头孢头孢霉素衍生物类-parcin-帕星糖肽类-penem-培南亚胺培南类rifa-利福-利福霉素类-rubicin-(柔)比星柔红毒素类抗肿瘤抗生素-tricin-曲星多烯类抗真菌-conazole-康唑咪康唑类-fungin-芬净抗真菌类抗生素-pirox-吡罗吡啶酮衍生物类合成抗菌药-dapsone-(氨)苯砜氨苯砜类抗麻风药nifur-硝呋-硝基呋喃类-oxacin-沙星萘啶酸类-prim-普林甲氧苄啶类sulfa-(-sulfa-)磺胺-(-磺胺-)磺胺类抗病毒药-mantadine-曼(他)定(或金刚)金刚烷衍生物类-motine-莫汀喹啉衍生物类-uridine-尿苷尿嘧啶类vir韦阿昔洛韦类二、抗寄生虫药-antel-太尔驱肠蠕虫药-bendazole-苯达唑噻苯达唑类-ectin-克丁阿巴美丁类-fos-磷(或-福司)磷衍生物类-nidazole-硝唑甲硝唑类-oxanide-沙奈水杨苯胺衍生物类三、神经系统药麻醉药-caine-卡因局部麻醉药-curium-库铵神经肌肉阻断剂，箭毒样物质-flurane-氟烷含氟吸入麻醉药nal纳去甲吗啡类麻醉拮抗药促效药镇痛药adol(-adol或-adol-)多-adom-朵替氟朵衍生物类-azocine-佐辛苯并吗吩烷类-eridine-利定哌替啶类-fenine-非宁格拉非宁类-fentanil-芬太尼芬太尼类-orph-啡-orphan-啡烷吗啡烷类消炎镇痛药-ac-酸异丁芬酸类-arit-(扎)利氯丁扎利类抗关节炎药-bufen-布芬丁酸衍生物类-butazone-泰宗保泰松类-buzone-布宗保泰松衍生物类-fazone-法宗哒嗪衍生物类-fenamate-芬那酯芬那酯衍生物类-fenamic acid-芬那酸邻氨基苯甲酸衍生物类-metacin-美辛吲哚美辛类-nixin-尼辛苯氨烟酸类-oxicam-昔康苯并噻嗪类-profen-洛芬布洛芬类-quazone-喹宗喹唑啉衍生物类抗精神失常药-giline-吉兰B型单胺氧化酶抑制药-moxin-莫辛单胺氧化酶抑制药，肼衍生物类-oxepin(e)-塞平西多塞平类抗抑郁药-oxetine-西汀氟西汀类-perone-哌隆氟哌丁苯类-pramine-帕明米帕明类-pride-必利舒必利类-tepine-替平甲替平类-tixene(-thixene)-噻吨噻吨衍生物类-triptyline-替林三环类抗抑郁药镇静催眠药-azam-(巴)占氯巴占类安定药-azepam-西泮地西泮类-bamate-氨酯氨甲酸酯类-barb-巴比-barbital-巴比妥巴比妥类-spirone-螺酮替螺酮类抗焦虑药-zafone-扎封阿氯扎封类安定药-zolam-唑仑苯并二氮卓类抗癫痫药-toin-妥英乙内酰脲衍生物类-zepine-西平三环类抗惊厥药食欲抑制药-orex-雷司苯乙胺衍生物类益智药-racetam-(拉)西坦吡拉西坦类抗震颤麻痹药-dopa-多巴多巴胺受体激动药苯并二氮卓类拮抗药-azenil-西尼氟马西尼类-carnil-卡奈咔啉衍生物类四、心血管系统药抗心律失常药-afenone-非农普罗帕酮类-bradine-雷定减缓心率药-cainide-卡尼利多卡因衍生物-darone-达隆胺碘酮类抗高血压药-anserin-色林5-羟色胺拮抗药-azosin-唑嗪哌唑嗪类-dralazine-屈嗪肼酞嗪类guan-胍-胍乙啶类-kalim-卡林钾通道激活药-kiren-吉仑肾素抑制药-nidine-尼定咪唑啉衍生物类-pril-普利卡托普利类-prilat-普利拉-serpine-舍平利血平类血管舒张药(包括部分抗心绞痛药)dil地尔-dipine-地平硝苯地平类-pamil-帕米维拉帕米类-tiazem-硫卓地尔硫卓类钙通道阻滞药受体阻滞药-dilol-地洛普齐地洛类-olol-洛尔普萘洛尔类降血脂药-fibrate-贝特氯贝丁酯(氯贝特)类-nicate-烟酯烟酸酯类-vastatin-伐他汀洛伐他汀类血管收缩药-azoline-唑啉抗组胺药、局部血管收缩药安他唑啉类-pressin-加压素加压素类强心药-dan-旦依马唑旦类-rinone-力农氨力农类五、影响血液及造血系统药-arol-香豆素双香豆素类-grel(-grel-)-格雷抗血小板聚集药-pafant-帕泛血小板激活因子拮抗药-parin-肝素肝素衍生物抗凝血药-plase-普酶纤维蛋白溶酶原激活药-poetin-泊汀红细胞生成素型血液因子六、消化系统药-aldrate-铝铝盐制酸药-cic-西克具竣基的保肝药-prazole-拉唑苯并咪唑衍生物抗消化性溃疡药-tidine-替丁H2受体阻滞药七、呼吸系统药-ast-司特抗过敏药-cromil-罗米色氨酸类抗过敏药-drine-君苯乙胺衍生物拟交感神经药-exine-克新溴已新类祛痰药-frine-福林苯乙基衍生物拟交感神经药-fylline-茶碱茶碱衍生物类-steine-司坦粘液溶解药-terol-特罗苯乙胺类支气管扩张药-xanox-呫诺呫诺酸类抗过敏药八、利尿药-crinat-利那依他尼酸衍生物类-etanide-他尼吡咯他尼类-pamide-帕胺氨碘酰苯甲酸衍生物类-renone-利酮螺内酯类醛甾酮拮抗药-semide-塞米呋塞米(呋喃苯胺酸)类-tizide(-thiazide)-噻嗪氯噻嗪类九、抗肿瘤药-arabine-拉滨阿糖呋喃衍生物类-citabine-(西)他滨安西他滨类mito-(-mito)-米托核毒素类-mustine-莫司汀氯乙胺类-platin-铂顺铂类-sulfan-舒凡甲磺酸盐烷化剂类-tepa-替派塞替派类-trexate-曲沙叶酸拮抗药vin-长春-长春碱类十、激素类药-actide-克肽具促皮质素作用的合成多肽类andr雄雄激素类bol勃同化激素类cort可皮质甾类，可的松衍生物estr雌雌激素类gest孕孕激素类-ifene-米(或昔)芬氯米芬或他莫昔芬类抗雌激素药-met(h)asone-米松olone-龙泼尼松龙类；雷那诺龙类麻醉药 雄诺龙类