词汇、语法训练材料.doc

嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用 第五模块词汇训练题（三）单词：1.方面、层面_2.印象、感想_3.时常发生的、连续不断的_4.喷气式飞机_5.先前的、早先的_6.不确切的、无把握的_7.指导、向导_8.药片_9.太空舱、胶囊_10.乘务员、服务员_11.女乘务员_12.通路、开口_13.往一侧；侧着_14.周围的事物；环境_15.周围的_16.容忍、忍受_17.缺乏；没有_18.调整、调节_19.面具、面罩_20.四轮马车_21.按、压_22.系牢；扎牢_23.腰带、皮带_24.使闪光；使闪现_25.开关；转换_26.时间表；时刻表_27.乐观主义的_28.泥浆_29.沙漠；荒原_30.公民、居民_31.打字员_32.打字机_33.邮资_34.邮政编码_35.纽扣、按钮_36.瞬间、片刻_37.接受者；接受器_38.垃圾箱_39.生态、生态学_40.贪吃的、贪婪的_41.吞下、咽下_42.原料；材料_43.回收利用；再利用_44.货物_45.代表、典型人物_46.定居、解决_47.动机_短语：1.拿起；接受_2.看不见_3.打扫；横扫_4.移动、溜进_5.加速_ 语法强化训练材料三一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）单项选择：( )1. _ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the man B. The man here nowC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now( ) 2. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold( ) 3. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet( ) 4. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter( )5. The actor _at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded( )6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we( )7. He found the street much _.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly( ) 8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is( ) 9. The dog _ mad.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked( )10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.A. that B. when C. in which D. where 二、句子的种类1.按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1）陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。例如： Light travels faster than sound.光比声传播速度快。（说明事实） The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）2）疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种： a. 一般疑问句（General Questions）： Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗？ b. 特殊疑问句（Wh-Questions）： Where do you live?你住那儿？ c. 选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）： Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？ d. 反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）： He doesnt know her, does he? 他不认识她，对不对？3）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令。例如： Dont be nervous!别紧张！4）感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。例如： What good news it is!多好的消息啊！2.句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：1）简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。例如：She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。2）并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如： The food was good, but he had little appetite. 食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。3）复合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导。例如：The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。3.简单句的五种基本句型： 1）主 + 动（SV）例如：I work.我工作。 2）主 + 动 + 表（SVP）例如：John is busy.约翰忙。3）主 + 动 + 宾（SVO）例如：She studies English.她学英语。4）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）例如：Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。5）主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVOiOd）例如：My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。 三、简单句和并列句概念(一)简单句由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)所构成的句子叫简单句，其结构是主语+ 谓语。(二)并列句由并列连词把两个或两个以上的互相关连而又互相独立的独句(即简单句)连在一起而构成的句子叫并列句。其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句。常用的连词有and,but,or not only.but also,neither.nor,either.or 相关知识点精讲(一)简单句 1.主语、谓语在人称与数上的一致性。and连接两个并列主语时为复数，谓语动词也相应地使用复数形式，但：(1) 如果and连接的两个名词是不可数名词且前面都没有冠词，若两个词表示一个事物或一个概念，谓语动词要用单数；如果两个词表示的是两个事物或两个概念，谓语动词则要用复数。(2) 如果and连接的是两个可数单数名词，前一个有冠词，后一个没有冠词，意味着一个人或 事物，谓语动词要用单数。(3)当and连接的两个名词前都有each，every，many a，no等单数概念的限定词修饰时(第二个名词前的修饰词有时可以省略)，谓语动词要用单数。 2.陈述句与疑问句的转换。3.选择疑问句。4.反意疑问句。(1)陈述句+省略问句(2)祈使句+附加疑问句(1) 反意疑问句的回答(二)并列句 并列句分为:联合并列句,转折并列句,选择并列句和因果并列句1. 联合并列句常由并列词and, not onlybut also.等连接如: Use your hand, and youll find a way.2. 转折并列句常由并列连词but, while, yet, whereas, nevertheless等连接如:I would love to have gone to the 注:2,3,4点内容不在这里介绍,讲参阅相关章节party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.3. 选择疑问句常由并列连词or, otherwise, eitheror,等连接如:Either you leave this house or Ill call the police4. 因果并列句由并列连词so, for, therefore 等连接.如: it was late, so we went home.5. 在”祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构中,当前后两部分间为承接关系时,用and;前后意思为相反关系时,用or.可将前面的祈使句转换成由if引导的条件状语从句,但必须将and 或or 去掉.如: Hurry up, and well be there in time.= If we hurry up, well be there in time.6. because和so; although, though和but 不能连用巩固练习1. I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, ? A. do I B. dont I C. will they D. wont they 2. help if you can, and our country will improve more quickly and better. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 3. Lucy, you wash the dishes, ? Mom, cant Lily do it? Its her turn to do it. A. dont you B. can you C. shall you D. will you4. I will not take an umbrella with me today. it rains later on in the day? A. How B. What C. How about D. What if 5. You ought to stay up late tonight, you? Yes. Ive got too much homework. A. cant B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. wont6. Nothing can stop us from serving the people heart and soul, ? A. can it B. cant it C. can they D. cant they7. There used to be a church in the small town, ? A. used there B. usednt there C. used it D. usednt it8. She isnt your neighbors, is she? . A. Yes, she isntB. No, she is C. Yes, she is D. No, isnt she9. to be a PLA soldier when I was young. And now you are. A. How I wanted B. How did I want C. What I wanted D. What did I want10. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of that 11. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different fromshe used to be. A. that B. whom C. what D. who12. is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 13. Hes got himself into a dangerous situationhe is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why14. Information has been put forwardmore middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 15. What the doctors really doubt ismy mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. what 16. The students of the music school study . A. music but also some other subjects B. some other subjects as well as music C. music as well as some other subjects D. some other subjects and music17. air is to man, so is water to fish. A. Since B. Just C. Like D. As 18. There is plenty of rain in the south there is little in the north. A. while B. as C. when D. so 19. several times about it, but he could not give the correct answer. A. Being asked B. Having been asked C. He would ask D. He had been asked 20. I dont like chicken fish. I dont like chicken,I like fish very much. A. and； and B. and； but C. or； but D. or； and21. the days went on, the situation there got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As 22. everybody is here, lets set out right away. A. Now that B. Because C. For D. After 23. The science of medicine, progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences. A. to which B. in which C. which D. with which24. We must do the experiment carefully Miss Liu told us. A. what B. since C. as D. while 25. Tony will never forget these days she lived in China with her mother,has a great effect on her life. A. that； which B. when； which C. which； that D. when； that 26. I know, they will go to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games in 2008. A. Since B. So far as C. In case D. As if 27. Who do you think the doctor will havefirst, John or Kate? A. examine B. to examine C. examining D. examined28. What are you anxious about? . A. Whether we can succeed B. If we succeed C. Do we succeed D. That we can succeed29. You should put the dictionary you can find it easily. A. where B. the place C. the place on which D. what30. She said to me,” Ill tell you the result of the testI know it. ” A. because B. the moment C. after D. though31. Grandpa used to tell us something about the “Cultural Revolution” he had time to spare. A. as soon as B. as C. so that D. whenever32. Li Fang is very busy,shes always helping others with their lessons. A. but B. although C. so D. for 33. Getting a right job can be difficult the students prepared to deal with the job interview. A. if；wont B. unless；will C. unless；are D. if；are 34. Everything depends onthey will support you about it. A. if B. which C. whether D. that 35. She won the first prize in the speech contest and surprized us. A. which B. it C. as D. who 36. The Oscar is one of the film prizes offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far. A. which is not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been37. He made another wonderful discovery, of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is 38. Its really very dangerous. One more step,the baby will fall into the well. A. or B. so C. but D. and 39. She is American, she knows little about American history. A. so B. yet C. and D. therefore40. Information technology is taught in most schools,we have entered the information society. A. so B. while C. still D. for 41. Helen must obey her parents. Oh,she must, ? A. must she B. mustnt she C. shouldnt she D. should she 42. John must be in the chemistry lab, ? A. mustnt he B. neednt he C. isnt he D. shouldnt he 43. It was quite a long time I made it out what had happened. A. after B. before C. when D. since 44. the text a second time,the meaning will become clearer to you. A. Read B. Reading C. If reading D. When you read 45. does he do his work well, he helps others with their work. A. Not only；but also B. Neither；nor C. Either；or D. Both；and 46. ,so he didnt come to school last week. A. Though he was ill B. Being ill C. Having been ill D. He was ill47. She tried every way she could find to solve the problem. A. how B. in which C. that D. which 48. Lily has some idea shes going to be when she grows up. A. what B. that C. as D. which 49. To play fair is as important as ,I think. A. to play well B. play well C. we play well D. playing well50. you go,you should bear the motherland in mind. A. Where B. Whenever C. However D. Wherever参考答案： 1-10CBDDBABCAB 11-20CBABCBDADC21-30DABCBBDAAB 31-40DACCBBADBD 41-50ACBDADCAAD 四、复合句 典型例题 复合句是英语语言中重要的句子结构之一，高考将继续重视对复合句的考查，试题的立意将注重对形容词性从句和名词性从句中相关基础知识的考查。1994-20典型例题卷单项填空中，年年为考点。近年多类地方高考试题中，定语从句也成为考查的热点。由此可以断言，在今后的高考试题中，定语从句仍是考查的重点。定语从句常被考查的知识有：(1)九个不同的关系代词或副词引导的限定性定语从句；(2)由七个不同的关系代词或副词引导的非限制性定语从句；(3)对as，which，that，what代词的理解区分及运用。 考查往往是通过关系副词或关系代词来实现，并考查定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的区别。高考考题中复合句出现的频率从高到低依次是：定语从句(其中限制性定语从句为主)、宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。试题既注重引导词之间的语法功能的差异，又注重语义的差异，题干句的情景及结构都越来越复杂。应试指南： 1定语从句和名词性从句是英语语法学习中的一大难关。从某种意义上来说，这些从句的学习是整个英语学习过程中的一个瓶颈。能否突破这个瓶颈是能否继续深入学习、研究的关键。 2从句的学习并非一日之功，平时应加强对从句语法特征和语意特征的思考，形成纯正的英语思维能力。如果不能形成这种思维能力，而仅凭汉语思维去解决英语问题，大量失误是在所难免的。因此，笔者建议，在平日的阅读过程中，碰到从句的时候，要停下来，想一想它的功能和意义。 3加强对非限制性定语从句和名词性关系从句的学习。平日的学习过程中，经过认真思考之后，将典型的从句分门别类、整理建档，以备考前复习巩固。 4解题思路：通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型，如强调句型；题干句若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序；观察设空的前前后后，确定相关从句的性质；确定从句性质后，回忆相关从句的用法特点，从而作出取舍；注意标点符号和并列连词(and，but)的作用；将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。高考对复合句的考查也是将其放在一起综合考查，这就要求考生首先弄清楚从句类型，以便有的放矢，从容应对。命题点1 定语从句命题点2 名词性从句 命题点3 状语从句命题点l 定语从句本类考题解答锦