过去分词作状语.doc

过去分词作状语 过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如： Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。 Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。 表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如： Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。 Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。 表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如： Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。 Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English. 和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。 If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。 表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如： Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。 Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。 表方式或伴随情况。如： The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。 Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。 过去分词作状语应注意以下几点。一、过去分词与句子主语之间的关系(1) 过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作。过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系。如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。【高考链接1】_ not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (2009福建卷)A. Reminding B. RemindedC. To remind D. Having reminded【答题指导】分词在句子中作状语，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语之间的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。比较：Seen from the sky, our city is very beautiful. (our city与see之间是被动关系)Seeing from the sky, we find our city is very beautiful. ( we与see之间是主谓关系)(2) 有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；lost in(沉迷于)；dressed in(穿着)。由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具有此用法，如frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed等。如：Surprised at what had happened, Tom didnt know what to do. 汤姆对发生的一切非常惊讶，以至于不知如何是好。【高考链接2】_and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. (2009浙江卷)A. To be tried B. TiredC. Tiring D. Being tired 二、过去分词作状语所表示的意义过去分词作状语时表示时间、条件、原因、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句；表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。如：Looked (=If it is looked) at a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful. 隔着一段距离看，这幅画似乎要漂亮得多。The cup fell down to the ground, broken. = The cup fell down to the ground and it was broken.茶杯掉到了地上，碎了。【高考链接3】_the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. (2009江西卷)A. Giving B. Having givenC. To give D. Given 【高考链接4】Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _with his old one. (2009重庆卷)A. comparing B. comparesC. to compare D. compared 三、“连词+过去分词”结构根据主句主语和从句主语一致且从句含有动词be时可省略从句主语和动词be的原则，可把状语从句变换为“连词+过去分词”结构。常用的连词有if, unless, when, as, once, even if/ even though, as if, though/ although等。如：I wont attend his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited). 除非被邀请，否则我不去参加他的生日晚会。【高考链接5】Every evening after dinner, if not _from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.(2009湖南卷)A. being tired B. tiringC. tired D. to be tired 四、 独立主格结构 由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构。 （一）独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词 名词(代词)+形容词 名词(代词)+副词 名词(代词)+不定式 名词(代词) +介词短语构成独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况。 1、名词或代词主格 + 分词 The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. 实验做完了,同学们继续在实验报告上做记录。 Time permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper. 如果时间允许,晚饭后我们可以到操场上散步。 2、名词或代词主格 + 形容词 Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。 The clothes very dirty, youd better wash them quickly. 衣服很脏,你快点儿洗洗吧! 3、名词或代词主格 + 不定式 The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会就开始了。 4、名词或代词主格 + 介词短语 Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand. 我们的英语老师走进了教室,手里拿着试卷。 There is a river in the valley, fresh flowers on the banks. 山谷中有一条河,河两岸长满了鲜花。 5、名词或代词主格 + 副词 The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room. 散会了,校长很快就离开了会议室。 The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了。 三、提高练习 1. Im going to have my car _ . A. to be fixed B. to fixC. fixed D. to fix 2. Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 3. _ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been followed by 4. He had his leg _ in the match yesterday. A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking 5. Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 6. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 8. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 9. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lostC. Lost D. To lose 10. The Olympic Games, _ in 776BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first played 11. Dont get _ in the rain. A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught 12. I found a car _ in a pool by the side of the road. A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick 13. -By the way, when did you get your bedroom _ ? -Last week. A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted 14. The children were found _ in the cave. A. trapping B. trapped C. to be trapped D. be trapped 15. They found a _ old woman _ on the ground when the door was broken down. A. dying, lying B. dead, lied C. death, laying D. died, lain 16. On a _ morning the little girl was found _ at the corner of the street. A. freezing, freezing B. freezing, frozen C. frozen, frozen D. frozen, freezing 17. No one enjoys _ fun of in public. A. making B. being made C. to be made D. to make 18. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word _. A. speaking B. spoken C. to be spoken D. speak 19. _ from space, the earth, with water _ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball. A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered 20. An _ crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star. A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitedly 21. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _for the day.(2007重庆卷)A. finishin