过去分词的用法和情态动词表示推测的用法.doc

过去分词的用法 & 情态动词表示推测的用法过去分词的用法语法功能过去分词既具有动词的性质，也有形容词或副词的功能，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如： Dont touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。 He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2. 作定语，单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。 过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。 We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。 Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗？ The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 3. 作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。1）表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如： Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。 Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。 2）表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如： Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。 Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. 受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。 3）表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如： Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。 Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English. 和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。 If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。 4）表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如： Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。 Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。 5）表方式或伴随情况。如： The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。 Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. 我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。 4. 作补足语，在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语。如： When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？ When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard. 当你在作报告时，你应该讲响一点使自己被人听清。注意：过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。如： When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时，他沉默不语。 Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。 如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。过去分词和ing分词作表语的区别过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征。如： Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶 The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。 They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。 At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears. 看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。 过去分词和ing分词作定语的区别： 过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行。如：boiled water 开水 boiling water 正沸腾的水 developed countries 发展的国家 developing countries 发展中国家 fallen leaves 落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子 changed condition 改变了的情况 changing condition 变化着的情况 强化练习： 1There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself _.A. hearingB. to hearC. heardD. being heard2The club, _ last week, is very popular among the young people in this area.A. openB. openingC. having opened D. opened3They tried to silence the _ audience but failed.A. exciting B. excited C. to excite D. excite4She wants the work _ before tomorrow.A. doneB. doC. be done D. to do5I will not go to the gathering unless officially _.A. invitedB. to be invited C. inviting D. invite6Cleaning women in big cities usually get_by the hour.A. payB. paying C. paid D. to pay 7_some of the questions_,the man said good-bye to us. A. Leave; unanswered B. Leaving; unansweredC. Left; be answered D. Leaving; to be answering8With this problem_out, well be able to finish the work ahead of time.A. workedB. working C. work D. to work9_in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. LosingB. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose10The Olympic Games,_in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first played D. to be first playing11China belongs to a_country. We should introduce_science and technologyfrom the foreign countries.A. developed, advanced B. developing, advancedC. developing, advancing D. developed, advancing12My hometown was hit by an_heavy rain.A. unexpect B. unexpecting C. unexpects D. unexpected13The girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes_on the wall.A. fixing B. fixed C. to be fixed D. to be fixing14_from space, the earth, with water_seventy percent of its surface, looks like a “blue ball”.A. Seen, covered B. Seen, coveringC. Seeing, covered D. Seeing, covering15On my way home, I saw a thief_money from a lady by the police.A. caught stealing B. to have caught stealingC. having been caught to steal D. having caught stealing16Was the door of our office_last night?A. remained open B. allowed open C. kept opened D. left open17When_about his future plans, he said he hadnt made any.A. asking B. asked C. was asked D. was asking18The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_the next year.A. carry outB. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out19He usually works in his room with the door and windows_.A. closedB. closing C. closeD. to be closed20The suggestion_at yesterdays meeting still wants_with care.A. being raised, studying B. risen, to studyC. raised, studying D. to be raised, to be studied参考答案：15 CDBAA6-10CBACC 1115BDBBA 16-20DBCAC情态动词表示推测的用法must用来表示推断, 只用于肯定句中。表示“一定”、“准是”。 例如：-Do you know Ms. Wang likes walking after supper?-Sure. She must be walking around the campus now.表示对过去事情的推断要用must have done。例如：It must have rained last night for it was wet in the street.can用来表示“推断”。常用于否定句和疑问句中。例如：She cant be serious about it.What can they mean by saying that?In no country other than England, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.can有时也在肯定句中表示推断，说明逻辑上的可能性，而与事实无关。例如：Just like all other currencies in the world, the pound can be devalued if necessary.和世界上的其它货币一样，如果有必要，英镑也可以贬值。If it is raining tomorrow, the sports can take place indoors.在满足上述结构的条件下，表示对过去事情的推断要用can have done。例如：The room is in such a terrible mess. It cant have been cleaned as the landlady said.could可以用来表示对现在情况的推断，只可能性稍小一些而已。could表推断，一般也只用于否定句和疑问句中。could有时也在肯定句中表示“推断”，说明逻辑上的可能性，而与事实无关。例如：He could be very naughty when he was a child.In those days, a lot of scientists thought that the sun could go around the earth.和can一样，表示对过去事情的推断要用could have done。例如：-I stayed at a hotel while in New York.-Oh, did you? You could have stayed with Barbara.should可以用表示对将来的推断。意思是“必定会”。 例如：Its nearly seven oclock, Jack should be here at any moment. -When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.-They should be ready by 12:00. ought to表示推断，表示“想必”、“非常可能”。 例如：-There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching building there.-Really? It ought to be a fire, most probablymay表示推断，可以用于肯定句和否定句中，不能用于疑问句中。表示的可能性不大。例如：-Who can it be that is knocking at the door?-It may be father, but Im not sure.might表示推断，也可以用于肯定句和否定句中，不能用于疑问句中。表示的可能性很小，或者只是一种担心。例如：-Its getting cold.-Yes, Im afraid it might be snowing tonight.强化练习1. -Are you coming to Toms party ? -Im not sure .I _go to the concert insteadA. must B. would C. should D. might2.Its nearly seven oclock . Jack _ be here at any moment .A. must B. need C. should D. can3. Where is my pen ? I _it .A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost4. Jack _yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me .A. mustnt have arrived B. shouldnt have arrivedC. cant have arrived D. neednt have arrived5Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion .Otherwise, she _somethingshe would regret later .A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said6. Very loud noises _ make people ill, hurt their ears or even drive them mad.A. must B. need C. can D. should7. The streets are all wet；It _ rained heavily last nightA. should B. should have C. must D. must have8. Tom must have learned Chinese for several years，_ he？A. mustnt B. hasnt C. didnt D. dont9. Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure. A. must B. may C. can D. will10. -There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.-It _ a comfortable journey. A. Cant be B. shouldnt be C. Mustnt have been D. couldnt have been11.“Could I call you by your first name?” “Yes, you_ .”A. will B. could C. may D. might12. I didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning. She _ at the meeting.A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spokenC. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken13Tom did not go to the party yesterday, or I_ him.A. would see B. could meet C. might hav