牛津英语9A知识梳理.doc

牛津英语9A知识梳理 第一章1、 词组1. 无罪的人 2.对付，处理 3.写一篇关于的文章4.花钱买 5.从事侦探工作 6.把锁进中7.报盗窃案 8.查找线索 9.确信10.开着的保险箱 11.坐牢 12.十分干净13. 代替 14.匆忙下结论 15.监禁16.不再 17.有罪的人 18.破门而入19.最终 20.关入牢中 21.保险公司22.下决心 23.写一篇关于的报告 24.让某人做某事25.乐于作某事 26.把某物展示给某人27.看见某人在做某事否认做某事28.承认做某事 29.从某处偷某物 30质问某人31.尽力做某事 32.代替More Practice1. 的摘要 2.福尔摩斯历险记 3.1984年的夏天4. 罪有趣的案件之一 5.认为 6.相当多7.没有合理的解释 8.一个著名将军的儿子 9.在那时10.在国外 11.来自好的家庭 12.看起来像13.在三月30号的早上 14.从某地回来 15.吹进16.不可能做某事 17.另外语法*一：有些动词后可不定式或-ing1.动词可接不定式的want ,agree,decide,fail,manage,offer,plan,hope,promise,refuse,seem,wish,ask,order,tell,understand,teach,beg2.可接ingenjoy,finish,practise,consider,admit,deny,suggest,hate,love,go,avoid,excuse,mind,keep,cant help,give up,stand,put off,miss, risk,imagine,dislike,continue3. 动词既可加不定式又可加ing，而且意义区别不大如，like，begin，start等4.区别较大Forget doing 忘记做过某事 forget to do 忘记去做某事Remember doing 记得做过某事 remember to do 记得去做某事Stop doing 停止做某事 stop to do 停下来去做某事Try doing 尝试做某事 try to do 尽力做某事Mean doing 意味着 mean to do 打算做2 定语从句 牛津英语9A知识梳理 第二章1、 词组 1. 几乎从来不 2.生活 3.不知道4. 无所事事 5.电视机 6.我改变我们的生活7. 依靠，依赖 8.人类 9.常识10. 犯错 11.由于这些原因 12.光盘驱动器13. 电脑 14.历史上 15.暂时16. 创造新思想 17.能够 18.人脑19. 提出有趣的问题 20.计划做某事 21.写一篇关于某人的文章22. 问题的答案 23.某事发生在某人身上 24.出错25. 例如 26.操纵地铁More Prctice1. 五角大楼 2.把和连在一起 3.在20世纪60年代4. 使能够 5.和分享 6.和一样7. 客服困难 8.越来越 9.开始做某事10. 的数量 11.一直 12.遍及世界13. 一步一步地 14.最流行的方式 15.一系列的语法形容词比较级一、the+比较级, the+比较级此句型表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，意为“越就越”，前者相当于一个条件句，因此，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：The better I knew him, the more I liked him.我越了解他就越喜欢他。The more difficult the questions are, the less likely Ill be able to answer them.题目越难我越答不出。二、the+比较级+of the two表示“两者中较的那个人或物”时，在比较级前加定冠词the。如：He is the taller of the two.他是两人中较高的那个。She was the more promising worker of the two.她是两人之中更有培养前途的工人。三、比较级+and+比较级此句型表示“越来越”，单音节形容词或副词用“-er+and +-er”，如：Things are getting better and better every day.情况一天天好起来。Its becoming more and more difficult to find a job.找工作越来越困难了。Holiday nights are getting less and less expensive.假日机票越来越便宜了。四、not +比较级+ than / no +比较级+ than比较级前加not，表示前者不如后者，与not asas相当；比较级前加no是对两者的否定，意为“和一样不”，与neithernor或“as+相反意义的形容词或副词+as”相当。如：He is not taller than me.他不如我高。He is no taller than me.他同我一样不高。(即一样矮)His English is not better than mine.他的英语不如我的英语好。His English is no better than mine.他的英语同我的英语一样不好。(即一样差)You are not more careful than he is.你不如他仔细。You are no more careful than he is.你和他一样不仔细。(即一样粗心)五、no more than与not more than两者均可表示数量，前者表示“仅仅”、“只不过”，强调少；而后者表示“不多于”、“至多”。如：This test takes no more than thirty minutes.这个测验只需30分钟。For thirty years, he had done no more than he had needed to. 30年来，他只干了他需要干的工作。He has not more than three children.他最多 3个孩子(有或许还不到 3个之意)。六、no morethan与not morethan两者均可用于比较，前者表示对两者都否定，意为“同一样不”(=neither . nor)；而后者则指两者虽都具有某种特征，但程度不同，意为“不如”、“不及”(= not so . as)。如：He is no more a writer than a painter.他不是画家，也不是作家。(= He is neither a painter nor a writer.)Hes no more able to read Spanish than I am.他和我都读不懂西班牙语。(=Neither he nor I am not read Spanish.)She is not more clever than he is.她不如他聪明。(= She is not so clever as he is.)This book is not more difficult than that one.这本书不比那本书更难。(This book is not so difficult as that one.)七、no less than与not less than表示均可表示数量，前者意为“多达”、“有之多”，强调多；后者表示“不下于”、“至少”。如：He paid no less than $10,000 for it.他为此付了10000多美元。He paid not less than $10,000 for it.他为此付的钱不下10000美元。He walks no less than five miles to school.他上学至少要走五英里。He has no less than seven daughters.他有七个女儿之多。He has not less than seven daughters.他至少有七个女儿。有时两者都可译为“至少”，但no less than语气比not less than要夸张，表示所涉及的数量比预料的要多，其用法可比较其反义结构no more than（只不过，只有），用于强调少。八、no more than与no lessthan前者意为“与一样不”，否定两者；而后者则表示“和一样”，肯定两者。如：Shes no more a great singer than I am.他不是优秀歌手，我也不是。 Your brother is no less wise than you.你的兄弟跟你一样聪明。A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.马不是鱼，鲸也不是鱼。A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is.海豚与狗同样都是聪明的动物。九、less / least +原级“less原级”表示降级的比较级；“least原级”表示降级的最高级。如：Would you mind speaking less quickly?你可否讲得慢一点?The movie was less funny than the book.电影没有书那么滑稽有趣。This is the least useful of the four books.这是四本书中最没用的一本。It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy.据说吃得最多的人身体最差。十、lessthan的用法1.本身用作比较级：把more看成many或much的比较级，后接名词，表示“比更多”。如：Statistics show that there are more boys than girls at school.统计数字表明学校的男生比女生多。 2.后接多音节形容词和副词：more后接多音节形容词或副词，前后是两个或两类人或物进行比较时，表示“比更”。如：Airports were more closely watched than anyplace else.飞机场比任何其他地方看守得更严密。All human beings are much more intelligent than animals.所有人类的智力都比动物高得多。3.对同一对象的两个方面进行比较：若是对同一个人或物在不同方面进行取舍时，意为“与其说倒不如”，此时，不论形容词或副词是单音节、双音节还是多音节，一律用morethan。如()：He is more hungry than tired.与其说他累了，倒不如说他饿了。I was more annoyed than worried.我与其说是着急，不如说是生气。 牛津英语9A知识梳理 第三章一词组1. 下楼 2.上楼 3.一步三个台阶4. 过一会 5.向下看 6.驾船驶走7. 如此以至于 8.把拉进里 9.服从命令10. 取笑 11.安全地锁上了 12.睡着13. 门卫 14.到了午夜 15.除了16. 秘密出口 17.在里面的 18.爬出来19. 在黑暗中 20.拽走 21.成功做某事22. 用诡计 23.举办短篇小说竞赛 24.递送25打断某人的话语法现在完成时Since 时间点，for 时间段 牛津英语9A知识梳理 第四章1. 在的另一边 2.头上顶着鸟 3.一般高2. 4.擅长 5.被用来做 6.潜下水中7. 数目达到之多 8.鱼竿 9.午后10.出发 11.竹筏 12.上上下下13.这种 14.在现代社会中 15.五十年后16.不再没有更多 17.很有帮助 18.对感兴趣语法1. 介词时间at用于表示时刻，时间的某一点On用于某一天，某一天的上下午，具体的一天。In用于表示周、月、季节、年。或泛指上、下午，晚上。“In+具体的未来时间”大多数表示将来。2. 被动语态3. Be + done主动语态变被动语态的易错点 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，但变间接宾语为主语的情况较多。主动：Tom gave me a present on my birthday.我生日那天汤姆送我一件礼物。被动：I was given a present by Tom on my birthday.A present was given to me yesterday.注意：如果把直接宾语（指物）改为主语，则在间接宾语（指人）前加适当的介词。1.在下列动词后，通常在间接宾语前用介词to：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, sell, show, take,通tell等。2.在下列动词后，一般在间接宾语前用介词for：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing等。 主动：Mother made me a new skirt.母亲给我做了件衬衣。被动：A new skirt was made for me.3.由于某些动词与介词有习惯搭配，既不用to也不用for,而用别的介词。如:People all over the world know the Great Wall.世界上的人都知道长城。The Great Wall is known to people all over the world.（不用by短语）4.有时用间接宾语作主语讲不通或不习惯，必须用直接宾语作主语。如： Tom wrote me a letter 误：I was written a letter by Tom 正：A letter was written to me by Tom 类似的动词还有：return, send, pass, hand, sell, teach等。含复合宾语（宾语+宾补）的主动句改为被动句时，一般把主动句中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面成为主语补足语。如：We always keep the classroom clean.我们总是保持教室清洁。The classroom is always kept clean.教室总是保持清洁的。They asked me to help them.他们叫我帮助他们。I was asked to help them.我被他们叫去帮忙了。We saw them playing football.我们看到他们在踢足球。They were seen playing football.他们被人看见在踢足球。注意：1.在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后要加上to。We often hear her sing.我们经常听到她唱歌。She is often heard to sing.经常有人听到她唱歌。2.如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如： We called him an ass.我们叫他傻瓜。误：As ass was called him.正：He was called an ass.短语动词的被动语态1.“动词+介词/副词”构成的短语动词，变成被动语态时，要把它们作为整体看待，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。如：The patient is being operated on.病人正在动手术。His request was turned down.他的要求遭到拒绝。注：这类短语动词常见的还有agree to, ask for, laugh at, listen to, look after, think of, talk about, call on等。常用的由“及物动词+副词”构成的短语动词有bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put on, put off, take off, think over, work out, turn out, sell out, use up look up (查询) ()等。2.“动词副词介词”构成的短语动词，变成变动语态时，要把它们作为一个整体看待。如：The poor were looked down upon then.那时穷人被人瞧不起。 He was looked up to by everyone他被人们所敬仰。 注：这类短语动词还有：get out of, look out of, get on with，get along with, catch up with, keep up with等。3.“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语动动词，变被动语态时，既可将短语动词后的宾语作为被动句的主语，也可将短语动词中的名词作为被动句的主语。如： You must pay attention to your pronunciation.你必须注意你的发音。Your pronunciation must be paid attention to.Attention must be paid to your pronunciation.注：这类短语动词常见的还有catch sight of, make use of, make fun of, make friends with, set fire to, take care of, take hold of, take part in, take notice of, keep an eye on等。当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的复合不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody，作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如： Nobody can lift this stone.谁也拿不起这块石头。误：The stone can be lif