英语语法非谓语动词.docx

Doing sth 1 完成某事情 finish doing sth 2 喜欢做某事 like / enjoy doing sth / 3 讨厌做某事 hate doing sth 4 去游泳 / 远足 go swimming / hiking 5 购物/看书 do some shopping/reading 6 买票划船 buy tickets for boating 7 掰完玉米后 after picking corns 8 擅长做某事 be good at doing sth. 9 做某事遇了些问题 have some problems (in) doing sth 10 获得乐趣 have fun doing sth 11 忙于干某事 be busy doing sth 12 感谢您做某事 Thank you for doing sth 13 做某事怎样？ What /How about doing sth.? 14 跑步有益健康。 Running is good for health. Do sth 15 最好干某事 had better do sth 16 让某人做某事 let sb do sth. 17 帮某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 18 为何不做某事呢？ Why not do sth？ 19 我可以做某事吗？ May I do sth.? 20 我们做某事好吗？ Shall we do sth? 21 请不要做某事。 Please (dont) do sth. To do sth 22 不得不做某事 have to do sth. 23 尽力干某事 try to do sth 24 将要干某事 be going to do sth. 25 想做某事 want to do sth 26 无所事事 have nothing to do 27 需要干某事 need to do sth 28 打电话告诉你 call to tell you 29 想要某人去干某事 want sb to do sth 30 使用干什么 use sth to do sth 31 告诉某人（不）要干某事 tell sb （ not） to do sth 32 乐于干某事 be glad to do sth 33 过来做某事 come (up) to do sth. 34 考虑说什么 think about what to say 35 参观中国的最好时间 the best time to visit China 36 我有许多工作要做。 I have a lot of work to do. 37 没时间去干某事。 Theres no time to do sth 38 对于某人来说干某事 Its 形 for sb to do sth 39 干某事花费某人一些时间 It takes sb some time to do sth 40 干某事很好 Its good to do sth 41 我的工作是喂牲口。 My job is to feed the animals. 42 听到这种事我很伤心 Im sorry to hear that 43 你愿意做某事吗？ Would you like to do sth? To do/Doing sth 44 开始做某事 start to do/doing sth 45 忘记/记得干某事 forget/remember to do sth. 46 忘记/记得干过某事 forget/remember doing sth. 47 继续做某事（未完） go on dong sth. 48 继续做某事（另事） go on to do sth. 49 听/看见某人在干某事 hear/see sb doing sth. 50 听/看见某人干了某事 hear/see sb do sth. 51 停止做某事 stop doing sth. 52 停下来做某事 stop to do sth. 初中非谓语动词句型归纳根据九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲的要求，初中阶段，只要求学生掌握非谓语动词中的动词不定式基本用法，但是，在中考中，非谓语动词其它形式的固定结构也是考查的重点，为了帮助同学们系统掌握这一语法重点，本文就初中英语非谓语动词的句型及固定配搭归纳如下： 一.动词不定式 1.主语+decide(hope,agree,choose,fail,wish,learn等）+to do sth.例如： I hope to go to school next week. She agree to get someone to help her. 2.主语+ask(tell,get,wish,like,want,teach,know等）+宾语+to do sth.例如： He asked me to come here early. She told us not to worry about her. 3.主语+be +happy(glad,pleased,angry,sorry,careful,ready,nice,lucky,等）+to do sth.例如： Im glad to see you again. Im sorry to hear that. 4.主语+think(make,fine,feel等）+it +形容词（名词）+to do sth.例如： I found it very important to learn English well. I think it possible to finish the work this week. 5.too+形容词（副词）+（for sb.)+to do sth. .+形容词（副词）enough+to do sth. 例如： The boy is too young to go to school.= The boy is not old enough to go to school.= The boy is so young that he cant go to school. 6.Its+careful(clever,kind,good,right,wrong等）+of sb.+to do sth. Its +difficult(easy,hard ,important,interesting等）+for sb.+to do sth.例如： Its kind of you to help me. Its hard for you to learn English well. 注意：这两个句型的区别是，当somebody与形容词有逻辑上的主谓关系时用of;当somebody与形容词没有这种关系时用for。 7.It takes sb.some time+to do sth.这个结构中，It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构。例如： It took me about three hours to finish my homework yesterday.注意：表示“花费”的类似句型还有，Sb.spends some time(money) on sth.or(in)doing sth.(某人做什么用了多少时间/某人买什么花了多少钱）；Sth.costs sb.some money.(买什么花了某人多少钱）；Sb.pays some money for sth.(某人买什么花了多少钱）如：I spent an hours on(in doing) my homework. The pen cost me two yuan. I paid two yuan for the pen. 8.疑问词+to do sth.例如： I dont know when to hold the party. How to do it is still a question.9.Why+(not)do sth.,Would (Will)you please (not)do sth.和 had better (not) do sth.例如：Why not go there by bike? Would you please take me to the park this Sunday? Youd better not go there by youself.10.主语+feel(listen to/hear,let/make/have,see/watch/notice/look at/help)+宾语+do sth.例如：He made us work for a long time yesterday. Who had you be so careless?注意：hear,see等感觉动词常接doing sth.表示动作发生过程或强调和谓语动作同时发生。如：He saw Tom sitting on some eggs when he went into the room. I heard her singing a song when I passed her room.11.主语+like/love/hate/begin/start等+to do sth.(doing sth.) 例如： Tom likes to ask(asking)some strange questions. We begin to work(working)at seven every day.12.主语+remember/forget to do sth.记住（忘记）要做某事（动作还没发生） 主语+remember/forget doing sth.记住（忘记）曾做过某事（动作已发生） 主语+stop to do sth.停下来（正做的事）去做另一件事 主语+stop doing sth.停下正做的事 主语+try to do sth.设法（试图）去做某事 主语+try doing sth.试着做某事 例如： Dont forget to close the door when you leave. I forgot taking whose book . 初中英语：非谓语动词非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing., 动名词起名词作用)爬山是一项好运动。Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. （wearing . 分词起形容词作用）你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗？He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch . 不定式起副词作用)他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。1谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。Miss Mary teaches us English.玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语）Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。 （to have a talk. 不定式作状语） 2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。Larke likes the pop music.拉克喜欢流行音乐。 （动词用单数第三人称形式）Larke has nothing to do today.拉克今天没什么事要做。（do 用原形）非谓语动词的特征：1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。Studying English is my favorite.学习英语是我的爱好。（studying 后跟宾语）To help him is my duty.帮助他是我的责任。（help 后跟宾语）2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。Working under such a condition is terrible.在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是 working 的状语)Its too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。（for him 作不定式的逻辑主语）3 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.对不起让你久等了。（to have kept.是不定式的完成形式）Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.从山上看，这座城市美丽多了。（Seen from.是分词的被动形式） 4 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。Our coming made him happy.我们的到来使他很高兴。（coming 起名词作用）There are two big swimming pools here.这儿有两个大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容词作用)2.非谓语动词的形式变化：不定式 主动 被动一般to write to be written进行to be writing /完成to have written to have been written完成进行to have been writing /现在分词 主动 被动一般 writing being written完成 having written having been written过 去 分 词 一般written动名词主动 被动一般 writing being written完成 having written having been written3. 动 词 不 定 式： 3.1 动词不定式在句子中的作用动词不定式是由 to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。3.1.1 动词不定式作主语：To mast a language is not an easy thing.掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。To teach English is my favorite.教英语是我的爱好。Its my pleasure to help you.很乐意帮助你。动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。Its very kind of you to have given us much help.你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。Its necessary to find the witness.有必要找到目击者。3.1.2 动词不定式作宾语：某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.What I wish is to learn English well.我所希望的是把英语学好。I like to help others if I can.如果有可能的话，我喜欢帮助别人。3.1.3 动词不定式作宾语补语 。We expect you to be with us.我们希望你和我们在一起。Please ask him to come here quickly.请叫他快过来。3.1.4 动词不定式作表语 ：What I should do is to finish the task soon.我应该做的是赶快完成任务。The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.当务之急是马上去找孩子。3.1.5 动词不定式作定语：There are many ways to solve the problem.有许多方法能解决这个问题。I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。 3.1.6 不定式作状语：We went to the hospital to see our teacher.我们去医院看了我们的老师。She is making a test to get a kind of usefulmedicine from a Tibet flower.她在做试验，从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。3.2动词不定式的否定形式：not + to + 动词原形The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。Its unfair not to tell us.没告诉我们真是不公平。3.3带疑问词的不定式：疑问词who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。Where to go is not known yet.去什么地方还不知道。I dont know when to begin.我不知道什么时间开始。Can you tell me where to get the battery.你能告诉我哪儿能买到电池吗？Do you know how to get to the station.你知道怎样去车站吗？3.4带逻辑主语的不定式：动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法是： for + 逻辑主语 + 不定式。注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式， for 本身无实际意义，它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。Its necessary for us to help each other.我们互相帮忙是必要的。There are much work for me to finish,有许多工作要我去完成。3.5动词不定式的时态：动词不定式一般时：表示动作和句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或之后发生。I helped him put the things into the car.我帮助他把东西放进了汽车。I want to see you again.我想再见到你。Would you like to have a rest.你愿意休息一下吗？动词不定式完成时： 表示动作在句中谓语动词的动作之前发生。We are sorry to have kept you waiting so long.对不起，我们让你久等了。They seems to have known the answers.他们好像知道了答案。动词不定式进行时：表示动作同句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，强调动作正在进行。They seem to be working hard.他们好像在努力工作。3.6动词不定式的被动形式：表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系 。He is the man to be examined.他是受检查的人。There are much work to be done.有好多工作要做。4. 动 名 词 4.1动名词在句中的作用动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语， 宾语，表语和定语。4.1.1 动名词作主语：Talking like that is not polite.那样谈话不礼貌。Learning from others is important .向别人学习很重要。Putting on more clothes is not so good .多穿衣服不一定好。动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用 it 先行祠代替， 而把动名词写在后面。Its no use waiting here, lets go home.在这儿等着也没用，我们回家吧。Its very difficult climbing this mountain.爬这座山很困难。4.1.2 动名词作表语The nurses job is looking after the patients.护士的工作是护理病人。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。4.1.3 动名词作宾语有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.Please stop smoking in the house.请不要在家里抽烟。I like reading in the forest.我喜欢在树林里读书。Do you mind my opening the windows?你介意我打开窗户吗？She is found of collecting stamp.她喜欢集邮。4.1.4动名词作定语She is studying in the reading room.她在阅览室学习。He slept in the sleeping bag.他在睡袋里睡觉。动名词的否定形式：not + 动名词He pretend not knowing it at all.他假装全然不知。We considered not doing it now.我们考虑现在不做这件事 。4.2动名词的时态：动名词的一般时 动名词的一般时表示动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词的动作之后发生。I enjoy swimming in the big river.我喜欢在大河里游泳。I am used to watching TV in the evening.我习惯于晚上看电视。动名词的完成时 动名词的完成时表示动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。She regret not having studied the computer hard.她后悔没有努力学习计算机。Do you remember having promised me that?你记得给我许愿了吗？4.3动名词的被动形式 ：当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。His being looked down upon made him sick.他被人冷落使他很伤感。I cant really stand being treated like that.我简直受不了这样的对待。4.4动名词的几个特殊情况：1) 有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以， 它们的具体含义有时还不一样。能跟动名词的动词有：avoid,consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, cant help, 等。能跟不定式的动词有：decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,能跟动名词和不定式的动词有：love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,动词后面跟动名词还是不定式，含义不相同，总的来说，表示习惯的， 一般性的动作多跟动名词，一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。I like to go with you.我想和你一块儿去。I like reading.我喜欢阅读。He promised to help her.他答应过要帮助她。We love watching VCD.我们喜欢看VCD。2) remember, forget, regret后面跟动名词时，动名词表示过去的动作， 后面跟不定式时，不定式表示将来的动作。I remember meeting him in the street.我记得在街上见过他。I remember to write a letter to my parents.我想起来要给我父母亲写信。 3) stop + 动名词表示停止动名词所表示的动作， stop + 不定式表示停下来 做不定式所表示的动作。Stop smoking, please.请不要抽烟 。Lets stop to have a rest.咱们停下来休息一下吧。4) 动名词和分词的区别：动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词作定语时， 分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。reading text 阅读课文 动名词developing country 发展中国家 分词a sleeping bag 睡袋 动名词boiled water 开水 分词5. 分 词 5.1 分词在句中的作用分词是由动词 +ing 或 动词 + ed 构成，它在句中起形容词或副词的作用，可以作定语，表语，状语。working workedwashing washed分词可分为现在分词和过去分词两种，现在分词的形式同动名词一样，在动词后面加 ing 。 而过去分词的形式则在动词后面加 ed. 分词在句中可作定语，状语或表语。5.1.1分词作定语China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。Thats an interesting story.这是一个有趣的故事。The girl singing for us is ten years old.给我们唱歌的女孩十岁了。作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后， 如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。The working people have played a great role in the activity.工人在这次活动中起主要作用。The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.被汽车撞伤的小孩马上被送到了医院。There is nothing interesting.没什么有趣的事。分词和动名词都可以作定语，判断是分词还是动名词，可以根据它们和被修饰词有无逻辑上的主谓关系来判断， 有主谓关系的是分词， 否则判断为动名词。a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分词）a swimming pool 游泳的池子 （动名词）5.1.2分词作状语Being a student, he likes to help others.作为一个学生，他喜欢帮助别人。Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.戴了一副新眼镜，她看书就好多了。She is there wait