语法专项训练宾语从句.doc

年 级初二学 科英语编稿老师刘洁新课程标题宾语从句（2）一校黄楠二校林卉审核付江华中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在：1. 熟练掌握宾语从句的构成和基本用法2. 中考中出现的题型和大体分值：单选 （1分） 写句子 （1-2分） 写作 （1-2分）阅读理解 （2分以上）一、知识精讲（一）宾语从句 宾语从句，顾名思义就是作（及物动词、介词或某些形容词）宾语的部分由句子来充当。在句子中用作宾语（在谓语动词之后）的从句叫宾语从句。如：1. I know him . 主语 谓语 宾语2. I know who he is . 主语 谓语 连词 从句主语 从句谓语 主 句 宾 语 从 句【例句】 They dont know when we are going hiking.他们不知道我们什么时候去远足。 She wanted to know if her coat would be ready the next day.她想知道她的衣服第二天是否能准备好。 I was really surprised at what I saw.我对我所看到的真的（感到）很吃惊。Do you know whose skirt it is? 你知道这个裙子是谁的吗？Do you know what time the plane will take off？你知道飞机什么时候起飞吗？状元典例 找出下列句子中的宾语从句1. They dont know if they will attend the meeting.2. I dont think that I can pass the exam.3. He asked me what kind of food is my favorite.4. I know that he is a good student.5. Could you tell me if he can come?答案：1. They dont know if they will attend the meeting.2. I dont think that I can pass the exam.3. He asked me what kind of food is my favorite.4. I know that he is a good student.5. Could you tell me if he can come?思路分析：这个练习能帮助够我们辨别出句子的主句和从句，进而使我们更准确地找出宾语从句，以便很好地理解句子的意思。（二）宾语从句的用法 1. 宾语从句的语序 不论原来作宾语从句的句子是什么语序，在充当宾语从句时都要用陈述语序。即【例句】 Can you tell me where the hospital is?你能告诉我医院在哪吗？ Do you know what time it is? 你知道现在几点了吗？ His brother asks when he will go to the library. 他的哥哥问，他什么时候去图书馆。 I dont know what he wants to buy. 我不知道他想买什么。 I want to know who will come tomorrow. 我想知道明天谁会来。状元典例 将下面各句改写成带有宾语从句的句子 1. What is he reading? （Can you see） 2. Where did he live last year? （I dont know） 3. Will they come soon? （I wonder） 4. How old is the boy? （Can you guess） 5. Does Kates father work in that hospital? （Could you tell me） 答案： 1. Can you see what he is reading? 2. I dont know where he lived last year. 3. I wonder whether /if they will come soon. 4. Can you guess how old the boy is? 5. Could you tell me if /whether Kates father works in that hospital?思路分析：考查对宾语从句语序的掌握情况。一定要注意：不论原来作宾语从句的句子是什么语序，在充当宾语从句时都要用陈述语序。由疑问代词和疑问副词后作连接词的宾语从句，依然用陈述句语序。状元典例1. I wonder _. A. where does he live B. where he live C. he lives where D. where he lives2. Would you please tell me _? In a small village. A. where was your mother born B. where your mother was born C. when was your mother born D. when your mother was born3. The photograph will show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like4. Could you tell me _ ? A. what the matter is with you B. what was the matter with you C. whats the matter with you D. whats the wrong with you5. I asked where_. A. did he come from B. he came from C. he comes from D. does he come from答案：1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. B思路分析： 1. 宾语从句用陈述句语序，又因为主语是第三人称单数，故答案是D2. 本题第一考查的是宾语从句的语序，第二考查的上下句意思的是对理解，故答案是B3. 宾语从句用陈述句语序，又因为主语是第三人称单数，故答案是B4. what 是从句的主语，whats the matter with you 本身就是陈述语序，因此排除A；主句可看作是委婉的请求，并不是一般过去时，可排除答案B；wrong 前不用加the，因此此题选C。5. 主句是过去时，宾语从句也应是过去的某个时态，且宾语从句应用陈述句语序，故选择B2. 宾语从句的时态（1）主句是一般现在时，从句可用任何一种时态。【例句】I wonder when you got up yesterday.我想知道你昨天几点起床的。 I wonder when you get to school every day.我想知道你每天几点到学校。 I wonder when you will start tomorrow.我想知道你明天将几点出发。 I wonder if he has been to Beijing.我想知道他是否去过北京。5. I wonder if he is having class now.我想知道他现在是否正在上课。状元典例写出下列各句的宾语从句：1. 我知道他对英语感兴趣。 2. 我知道他去年住在上海。 3. 我知道他去过四川两次。 4. 我知道他明天将要回来。 答案：1. I know （that） he is interested in English.2. I know （that） he lived in Shanghai last year3. I know （that） he has been to Sichuan twice.4. I know （that） he will come tomorrow.思路分析：主句是一般现在时，从句可用任何一种时态。一定要分析清楚从句应用的时态。（2）主句用过去时，从句为相应的过去某个时态。【例句】 I knew what your favorite activity was. 我知道你最喜欢的活动是什么。 I knew what he was doing. 我知道他正在做什么。 I knew that he would go to Beijing next week. 我知道他下周要去北京。 I knew he had finished his homework. 我知道他已经完成了他的作业。状元典例写出含有宾语从句的句子：1. 我知道他对英语感兴趣。I knew 2. 我知道他去年住在上海。I knew 3. 我知道他去过四川两次。I knew 4. 我知道他明天将要回来。I knew 答案：1. I knew（that）he was interested in English.2. I knew（that）he lived in Shanghai last year.3. I knew（that）he had been to Sichuan twice.4. I knew（that）he would come back tomorrow.思路分析：主句用过去时，从句为相应的过去某个时态。（3）当宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等时，不论主句是什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时。【例句】 The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 老师告诉我们光速比声速快。 He said that the days get longer in spring. 他说在春天白天（的时间）变得越来越长了。状元典例 He said time _money. A is B was C are D were 答案：A思路分析：首先我们要注意这句话的主句是过去时，但是宾语从句是个名言警句：时间就是金钱。因此我们用一般现在时。另外，钱是不可数名词，用单数形式。故选择A（4）宾语从句的标点符号宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或祈使句时用句号；如果主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。【例句】 He asked me whether I could help him. 他问我是否能帮助他。 Do you know where Li Ping is？ 你知道李平在哪儿吗？状元典例写出下列各句应用的标点符号：1. I want to know which color you like best 2. Would you please tell the teacher how old you are 答案：1. I want to know which color you like best.2. Would you please tell the teacher how old you are?思路分析：宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或祈使句时用句号；如果主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。二、难点聚焦1. 否定词的转移：若主句的谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句的谓语前，从句的谓语用肯定形式。【例句】I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件连衣裙不适合你。I dont suppose you will finish the work today. 我认为你今天不能完成这项工作。I dont think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来，是吗？状元典例我相信他们的队不能打败我们的队 答案：I dont believe their team can beat ours.思路分析：把否定词前置。2. 当宾语从句由what, who作主语时，语序不变。【例句】I dont know whats happening. 我不知道发生了什么事。Can you tell me who he is? 你能告诉我他是谁吗？状元典例Do you know ？（那边那个人是谁？）答案：who is over there?思路分析：从句中由who作主语时，语序不变。故答案是who is over there?三、状元笔记（一）巧记宾语从句宾语从句需注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句子用that；一般疑问是否（if，whether）替；特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。（二）that作引导词在口语中可以省略。其他的引导词则不能省略。（一）用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空。1. We are sure that he _ （go） to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who _ （be） the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you tell me where the post office _ （is）?4. Our father said that he _ （will） buy a new computer.5. I hear that he _ （swim） in the sea yesterday.6. The little boy tells us where his father _ （work）.7. He said that he _ （finish） his work already.8. They thought they could _ （hike） to the top of the mountain.9. He was glad that so many people _ （help） him.10. She doesnt know whether _ （go） or wait.答案：1. will go 2.was 3. is 4. would 5.swam 6. works 7. had finished 8. hike 9. helped 10.to go思路分析:1. 主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可以是任何时态，从句中的时间状语是明天，故答案是 will go2. 主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可以是任何时态。我们看到从句中提到的是“第一个登上月球的人”，这是对过去事情的描述。故答案是was3. 用委婉语气提问的主句，从句用一般现在时。故答案是is4. 主句是过去时，从句用过去将来时。故答案是would5. 主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可以是任何时态。从句中的时间状语是昨天。故答案是swam6. 主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可以是任何时态。从句子中的意思得知是谈论爸爸在哪里工作。故答案是works7. 主句是过去时，从句用过去完成时。故答案是had finished8. 主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，could 后边跟动词原形。故答案是hike9. 主句用过去时，从句也用过去时。故答案是helped10. 考查的是连接词后边接动词不定式。故答案是to go （二）选择填空1. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B. when C. why D. how 答案：A思路分析: 此题考查对连接词的掌握情况。从句子的意思可以看出是想知道昨天晚上听什么了。故选择A2. Tom asked my friend _.A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moonC. when did he come back D. not to be so angry答案：D思路分析：宾语从句应该用陈述句语序，因此A,C都是不对的。其次ask作“问”讲的时候，不能用that作连接词，B也是不正确的。故答案是D，考查的是ask sb. not to do sth.的用法。3. Let me tell you _.A. how much is the car B. how much does the car costC. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car答案：D思路分析：此题考查的是宾语从句的语序，故答案是D4. Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris答案：B思路分析：此题考查的是从句的时态，C项是客观规律，应该用一般现在时，A和D项的时态不正确。故答案是B。5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where do you live 答案：B思路分析: 此题考查的是对宾语从句的语序和时态的掌握情况。故答案是B6. I cant understand _the boy alone.A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left答案：A思路分析：此题考查的是对宾语从句的语序和时态的掌握情况。故答案是A7. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen答案：C思路分析：宾语从句叙述的是自然现象的时候，用一般现在时。故答案是C8. I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A. why did he get B. why he gets C. why does he get D. why he got答案：D 思路分析：要特别注意宾语从句的时态。故选择D9. The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter wasC. what the matter is D. whats the matter答案：A思路分析：此题第一是考查从句的时态，第二是考查从句用陈述句语序。故答案是A10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen答案：C思路分析：考查宾语从句的时态和语序的掌握情况。故选择C（答题时间：45分钟）*1. There is not much difference between the two. I really dont know _ A. what should I choose B. which I should choose C. which should I choose D. what I should choose*2. She asked Tom _ with his car? A. what the matter was B. what the matter isC. what was the matter D. what is the matter*3.Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see_ A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is*4. You must remember _.A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher sayC. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said*5. Mary said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been*6. Could you tell me _? Yes. He _ to the USA. A. where is he, has been B. where he is, has gone C. where was he, has been D. where he was, has gone*7. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves*8. I want to know _. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is lookingC. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after*9. Can you tell me how many English words _ since 1996?A. have you learned B. did you learn C. you have learned D. you learned*10. Tom told me he _ a film with his mother the next day. A. would see B. will watch C. would look D. will see*11. What did your mother say, Tom? She asked me why _.A. my sister crying B. my sister was cryingC. is my sister crying D. was my sister crying*12. I didnt know _ and _. A. whats his name; how old he is B. what his name was; how old he wasC. what his name is; how is he old D. that was his name; he was how old*13. No one told us _, so we