高考交际用语荟萃(英语).docx

高考交际用语荟萃要学好英语知识，掌握英语语言技能，只靠准确的发音、语法的规范、词汇的选择是不够的，还要注意在特定的语言环境中恰当地运用英语习惯表达法来交流思想和传递信息、达到语言的交际功能。交际英语就是根据英语语言的社会性，按照语言的功能、意念进行的各种口语表达。近几年来，高考考试逐渐加大了会话的比重，目的就是考查知识应用能力和交际能力，考查的焦点是看是否达到了交际的目的，命题的特点多是与我们汉语的文化风俗不同的地方。设置的场景多是打电话、购物、看医生、参观、访问以及同学之间的事情等。交际英语相对于书面语来说更注重口语交流。它更多地注重实际情景或环境下以及日常生活用语，这一特点决定了它具有相当的灵活性、随意性。然而这种灵活性、随意性并非无规则，无秩序，因此在交际英语的学习与运用过程中，必须首先对英语所形成的文化背景，社会特征有所了解，特别注意习惯用法的掌握，才能掌握其实质，运用自如。 根据交际英语使用的范围与情况，大体上可以分为两大类：功能意念日常用语和情景场所用语。做交际用语题时，可归纳为以下三点：1注意语境。即要分析语境是属于哪种情况：打电话，就要用电话用语；用餐，就要用餐桌用语回答等。2分析信息。如同汉语一样。英语对话也是“你有来言，我有去语”，这就是信息。分析、理解、推断这种信息就是解题的关键。3选择答案。通过认真综合分析、推断判断后，就可以选择答案。对拿不准的可把答案带入试读，如觉别扭，立即换掉。 功能意念日常用语：功能意念日常用语主要指的是见面问候、互相介绍、告别、祝贺、道歉、邀约、约会、请求等常用语言。1问候Good morning. 早上好。Good afternoon. 下午好。Good evening. 晚上好。Hello./ Hi. 你好。How are you? 你好吗？How are you doing? 你过得好吗？How are you getting on? 你过得好吗？How are things with you? 你近来过得怎么样？How is everything going? 一切都好吗？如：Hello, Jack. Havent seen you for a long time/ages! Hows everything going?你好，杰克。好久没见你了。你一切都好吗？Oh, hello, Mr. Wang. Im so glad to see you. Howre you doing?喂，你好，王先生。见到你很高兴。你还好吗？Hi, John! Nice to meet you here. How are you getting on?你好，约翰！在这儿见到你真高兴，你一切都好吗？-Hi, Tom!嗨，汤姆！-Hi, Green.嗨，格林！-How are you doing?你好吗？-Fine, and you?很好，你呢？-Great. What is happening with you these days?也很好。你最近有什么事情发生吗？-Nothing much.没什么。第二者向第三者表达问候：Please give my regards to sb. 请代我向某人问好。Please give my best wishes to sb. 请代我向某人问好。Please give my love to sb. 请代我向某人问好。Say hello to sb. 向某人问好。Please remember me to sb. 请代我向某人问好。Best wishes to sb. 问候某人Best regards to sb.问候某人如：Please give my regards to your family.请代我向你的全家问好。Remember me to your teacher.代我向你的老师问好。-Well, it is getting late. I must be off now. Nice to meet you.天晚了，我现在必须得走了，见到了你真高兴。-Nice meeting you. Please give my love to your parents.见到了你我也高兴，请代我向你的父母问好。-Of course, thank you very much.非常感谢，我一定会替你向他们问好的。第二者代第一者向第三者转达问候：sb. send sb.s regards to you. 某人向你问好。sb. send sb.s best wishes to you. 某人向你问好。sb. send sb.s love to you. 某人向你问好。如：Mr. Green sends his best wishes to you.格林先生向你问好。 介绍 介绍别人：This is 这是May I introduce you to ? 我可以把你介绍给吗？Please allow me to introduce you to . 请允许我把你介绍给I d like you to meet my friend, . 我想请你见一见我的朋友如：Smith: Good evening, Mr. Wang.晚上好，王先生。Wang: Good evening, Mr. Smith.晚上好，史密斯先生。Smith: Have you met my wife, Mary?你见过我的妻子玛丽了吗？Wang: No, I havent had the pleasure.没见过，我还没有过这种荣幸。Smith: Mary, this is Mr. Wang, my new Chinese friend.玛丽，这是我的新中国朋友。Mary: How do you do, Mr. Wang?你好，王先生。Wang: How do you do?你好。 自我介绍：May I introduce myself? Im 我作一下自我介绍好吗？我是How do you do? My name is 你好，我是Hi, my name is 你好，我的名字是Im Happy to know you. 我是，很高兴认识你。如：-I am Tom. May I know your name?我是汤姆，我可以知道你的名字吗？-I am Green. Happy to know you.我是格林，很高兴认识你。-Me, too.我也很高兴。-Are you Chinese?你是中国人吗？-No, I am Japanese.不，我是日本人。 被介绍者之间的常用语：-How do you do?你好。-How do you do?你好。-(Im )glad to meet you.见到你很高兴。-(Im) glad to meet you, too.见到你，我也很高兴。-( Im ) delighted to know you, ，见到你我很高兴。-( Im ) equally delighted to meet you.见到你，我也很高兴。-Its nice to meet you.见到你很高兴。-Same here.我见到你也很高兴。如：-Hello, Jack. How are you?你好，杰克，你好吗？-Fine, thank you. Id like you to meet Jim. Hes a friend of mine.很好，谢谢。我想请你见见吉姆，他是我的一个朋友。-Nice to meet you, Jim.见到你很高兴，吉姆。-Same here.我见到你也很高兴。 告别Im afraid I must be leaving now.我恐怕得告辞了。I must be off now.我必须得走了。Its time I met/did I have to go now.是我会见/做的时候了。我现在得走了。I think its time for us to leave now.我想现在是我们告辞的时候了。It was nice meeting you.遇见你真是太好了。Nice to have met you.遇见你太好了。Goodbye/Bye-bye/Bye!再见。See you later.回头见。See you tomorrow.明天见。See you.再见。Good night.晚安。（用于晚上分别时）如：-Sorry, Ill have to be going. Its getting very late. Good night.对不起，我不得不走了，天很晚了，晚安。-Good night.晚安。-Oh, it is 11 oclock. I am afraid I must be leaving now.十一点了，恐怕我得走了。-Thank you for your coming to see me.谢谢你来看我。-It is my pleasure.不用谢。 感谢和应答：Thank you. 谢谢。Thank you very much.非常感谢。Thanks a lot.十分感谢。Many thanks.非常感谢。Thanks for（由于）非常感谢。Its very kind of you to .你真好，I really dont know how I can thank you enough.我真不知道怎样感谢你才好。Its most thoughtful of you.你想得真周到。Im indebted to you.我真是感激不尽。Thanks for your help. I really appreciate it.非常感谢你的帮助。Thank you for a wonderful meal.谢谢你的美餐。Thank you for a most enjoyable evening.今晚过得真愉快，谢谢你。Glad you enjoyed it. Thank you for coming.你吃得满意，我很高兴，谢谢你的光临。Forget it.不用谢。Not at all.不用谢。Its all right.不用谢。Thats all right.不用谢。You are welcome.不用谢。Dont mention it.不用谢。Its my pleasure.不用谢。如：-Excuse me. Which is the way to the Centre hospital?对不起，请问去中心医院的路怎么走？-Go down this street until you reach the first traffic lights. Turn left. At the end of the road youll see the hospital.沿着这条街走直到第一个交通灯，向左拐，走到路的尽头，你就会看到医院。-It is very kind of you to tell me that.你告诉我路，你真好，谢谢。-You are welcome.不用谢。-I really like the record you lent me the other day.你前些日子借给我的唱片我很喜欢。-Im glad you like it.我很高兴你喜欢它。-And thank you very much for letting me keep it so long.谢谢你让我借了这么长时间。-Not at all.不用谢。 祝贺、祝愿和应答Good luck ( to you)! 祝你好运！Good luck with sth！祝某事顺利！All the best! 万事如意！All the best in your new job! 祝你在新的工作岗位上一切顺利！Best wishes to you！祝福你！I wish you good luck！祝你好运！I wish you success！祝你成功！Good journey ( to you )！（祝你 ）一路顺风！Have a good trip!祝你旅途愉快/ 一路平安！Have a nice /good time!祝你过得愉快！Congratulations!祝贺你！Happy birthday to you!祝你生日快乐！Id like to congratulate you on祝贺你Happy New Year! 新年快乐！Merry Christmas!圣诞快乐！祝贺、祝愿答语：Thank you. The same to you.谢谢，同样祝你快乐。Thank you. 谢谢你。如：-It is very kind of you to see me off at the airport.你来机场送我，你真是太好了。-Dont mention it. Good luck!不必客气，祝你好运！-The same to you.也祝你好运。 -Happy New Year!祝你新年快乐！- Thank you. The same to you.谢谢，同样祝你快乐。 -Happy birthday to you!祝你生日快乐！-Thank you.谢谢你。 - I hope youll have a good time. 祝你过得愉快- Thank you. 谢谢。-The concert is going to start. I have to go now. Good-bye!音乐会就要开始了，我得走了。再见。-Good-bye! Good luck with your performance！再见！祝你演出成功！-Ill try my best in the exam. See you tomorrow.我会尽力把考试考好的，再见。-Good luck to you!祝你走好运！ 道歉和应答：Im sorry. 对不起。Im sorry, but对不起，我Forgive me for请原谅我Sorry./ Pardon.对不起/ 请原谅。Im sorry for/about（由于）对不起。Im sorry that（由于）对不起。Excuse me (for) （由于）请原谅。I really didnt mean that at all. 我根本没那个意思。I didnt intend to offend you. 我真没有惹你生气的意思。I must apologize for my mistake.我得向你道歉，请原谅我的过错。Dont worry about it. 不要为那件事觉得不安。Thats all right. 没关系。It doesnt matter.没关系。Thats nothing. 没关系。/没事。Not at all. 没关系。Not in the least. 一点也不。Not a bit. 没关系。 excuse me和Im sorry后面可接一个由but引导的句子，而且but之前常有逗号。But可以不译出，但不能换成其他连词，尤其不能换成for.如：-Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.对不起，我给你添了这么多麻烦。-Not in the least.一点也不。-Sorry to have kept you waiting too long.对不起，让你等了这么久。-Not at all.没关系。-Excuse me for interrupting you.对不起，打断你了。-Thats nothing.没什么。-Excuse me, but can you tell me the way to the school?对不起，你能告诉我去学校的路吗？-Thats all right. Go straight down the road, and youll see it on your left.没什么。沿着这条马路一直走，学校就在你的左边。-Thank you.谢谢。-My pleasure.不用谢。-Sorry, but will you repeat it?对不起，请你重复一下好吗？-Thats all right没什么， 遗憾和同情：What a pity! 真遗憾！What a shame! 真遗憾/真丢脸！Its a pity that (由于)真遗憾。Im afraid that 恐怕Im sorry to hear听到我非常难过。 邀请和应答：Will you come to? 你能来吗？Would you like to? 你愿意吗？Id like to invite you to我很想邀请你Wont you? 请你好吗？Would/will you please? 请你好吗？Yes, Id love to (). 行，我乐意Sorry, I cant. Ive already had plans for tonight. 对不起，不能去，我今晚另有安排。Thats very kind of you, but Im afraid 感谢你的一番好意，但恐怕我Oh, what a pity! That would be lovely, but, Im afraid唉，真遗憾，能去多好，但是我恐怕Yes, its very kind/nice of you. 行，你真好。Id love to, but我很乐意，但是如：-Would you like to come to the party? 请你来参加晚会好吗？- Oh yes, thank you. 好的，谢谢。- Would you please give us a talk on English Learning? 请你给我们做一个关于英语学习的报告好吗？-Yes, Id love to.好的，我很乐意。-Wont you have some cigarettes?你吸烟吗？-Thank you, but I dont smoke.谢谢，我不抽烟。-Would you like to come to dinner this evening?今晚你来吃饭怎么样？- Sorry, I cant. Ive already had plans for tonight. 对不起，不能去，我今晚另有安排。 提供（帮助等）和应答：Can I help you? 我能帮助你吗？Could I help you? 我能帮助你吗？Shall I help you? 我能帮助你吗？What can I do for you? 我能帮你什么忙吗？Is there anything (else) I can do for you? 还有什么我能为你效劳的吗？Let me do sth.（for you）. 让我（替你）做Let me carry sth. (for you). 让我（替你）搬运Would you like some? 你要一点好吗？Would you like me to? 我帮你吗？Do you want me to? 你要我帮你吗？Thanks. That would be nice. 谢谢，那很好。Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。Yes, please. 好，谢谢你。Here, take this/my这儿，请拿这个/我的No, thanks/ thank you. I can manage it myself. 不，谢谢你,我自己干得了。Thats very kind of you, but你真好，但是如：- Would you like a cup of tea? 你喝杯茶吗？ -Yes, please. 好的，谢谢你。- What can I do for you? 您要点儿什么？-Id like to have an English-English dictionary. 我想要一本英英词典。-Can I help you?我能帮你忙吗？-Yes. Will you help me carry the box upstairs?是的，请你帮我把这个箱子搬到楼上好吗？-Id like to.我很乐意。-That is very kind of you.你真好，谢谢。-You are welcome.不客气。 -Is there anything else I can do for you?还有什么我能为你效劳的吗？-No, thanks.没有了，谢谢。 约会Are you/ will you be free this afternoon/ evening/ tomorrow?你今天下午/今天晚上/明天有空吗？How about tomorrow morning/ afternoon/ evening?明天上午/下午/晚上怎么样？Shall we meet at ？我们在见面好吗？Yes, thats all right. 好，就这样。Yes, Ill be free then. 好，那时我有空儿。 No, I wont be free then. But Ill be free tomorrow. 不行，那时我没空儿。但是我明天有空儿。All right. See you then. 好，那时见。如：-Are you free this evening?你今晚有空儿吗？-Yes, Ill be free then.是的，我有空儿。-How about going for a drink together?一起去喝一杯怎么样？-All right. See you at six here.好的，那就六点钟在这儿碰面吧。-How about going for a swim?去游泳怎么样？-What time shall we go?我们什么时间去？-How about tomorrow afternoon?明天下午怎么样？-Yes, thats all right.行。-Shall we meet at two at the gate of our school?我们两点钟在学校门口碰面好吗？-All right. See you then.好，那时见。 意愿和希望Im going to我打算I will 我将/想Id like to 我想要I (do not) want/ hope to 我（不）想/希望I intend/ mean/ plan to 我打算/预定/计划I feel like doing sth. 我想Im ready to 我随时可以I would rather ( not ) do sth. 我宁愿（不）I wish to我希望I wish that 我希望I would do it if I should have the chance. 如果有机会，我一定去做If only要是就好了。如：-What are you going to do this afternoon?你今天下午打算做什么？-I am going to climb a mountain then.我打算去爬山。-Do you want me to write a letter to him?你想让我给他写封信吗？-Yes, I want this letter (to be) ready by tomorrow.是的，我想让这封信在明天之前写好。 征求允许和应答May I? 我可以吗？Can/ could I ? 我能吗？I wonder if I could我不知道我能否Would/Do you mind if I ? 如果我，你介意吗？Yes. 可以。Certainly. 当然可以。Of course (you may). 当然（你可以）Thats OK.可以。Thats all right.可以。Go ahead, please.行，尽管做吧。Not at all.一点儿也不。Im sorry, but对不起，Youd better not. 你最好别那样。Im sorry you cant. 对不起，你不能。如：-Would you mind if I opened the window?如果我把窗户打开，你介意吗？-Not at all. Go ahead.一点儿也不介意，打开吧。-I wonder if I could smoke here.不知我是否可以在这里吸烟。-I am sorry, you cant. 对不起，你不能在这儿吸烟。- May I ask you several questions?我可以问你几个问题吗？- Yes, of course.当然可以。-I wonder if you mind looking at my throat for a minute?劳驾您看看我的嗓子好吗？-Of course not.当然可以。 赞同和反对Certainly./ Sure./ Of course. 可以/一定/当然。Yes, please. 可以。Yes, I think so. 是的，我也这么认为。Thats true. 那是真的。All right. 好吧。OK. 行。Yes, maybe. 是的，也许是这样。I see your point. 我懂得你的意思。Thats a good idea. 那是一个好主意。I agree ( with you). 我同意。Its a good idea to是个好主意。Its a good idea that是个好主意。No problem. 没问题。No, I dont think so. 不，我想不是这样。Im afraid not. 恐怕不行。No, you are wrong. 不，你错了。I really cant agree with you. 我真的不能同意你的意见。Im afraid I (really ) cant agree with you. 我恐怕（真的）不能同意你的意见。Im afraid I disagree with you on恐怕在方面，我不能同意你的观点。如：- I think I shall read a book instead. 我想看看书。 - Good idea. Thats much better than watching a bad TV programme.好主意。那比看糟糕的电视节目好多了。- I think foreign languages are more interesting than science. 我认为外语比科学有趣。 - I really cant agree with you. I prefer science. 我真的不能同意你的意见，我更倾向于科学。- Dont think in Chinese when youre speaking English. 当你讲英语的时候别用汉语思维。 - You are quite right. 你说得很对。 喜好和厌恶I like/ love(very much). 我（非常）喜欢/喜爱I like/ love to 我喜欢I quite like 我很喜欢I really enjoy 我确实喜欢Im fond of我喜欢Im rather keen on 我对颇有兴趣。I dont like ( to)我不喜欢I dislike 我不喜欢I hate (to)我讨厌如：I dislike being treated like that.我不喜欢被那样对待。I am fond of listening to music.我喜欢听音乐。 决断和坚持I will 我一定要I have decided to我已决定要I have decided that 我已决定要I insist on我坚持I insist that我坚持如：We all insisted on his coming with us.我们都坚持让他和我们一起去。I insisted that he was wrong.我坚持认为他是错误的。 判断和意见Its correct to do sth.做是正确的。Well done! 做得好！Good work! 做得好！In my opinion, 依我看来，It seems 那好象是So far as I know, 据我所知如：-What do you think of their work?你觉得他们的工作怎么样？-Oh, well done.哦，干得不错。 偏爱I preferto我喜欢而不喜欢I prefer sb. (not) to do sth. 我宁愿（不）让某人干某事。I would rather do sth. 我宁愿I would rather not do sth.我宁愿不如：-There is coffee or tea. Which would you prefer?这里有咖啡和茶，你比较喜欢哪一种？-I prefer tea ( to coffee). 我比较喜欢茶。 责备和抱怨He is to blame. 他应负责任。She blamed him for她为责备他。He shouldnt have done it. 他本不该干那件事的。Why cant you do something about it? 你为何不能为那件事出点力？如：-He couldnt find the place.他找不到那个地方。-You told him how to get there, but perhaps you should have drawn a map.你告诉了他如何去那儿，但是也许你本应画张地图。-Do you know something about the accident?关于这次事故你了解什么吗？-As far as I know, the driver was to blame for the accident.据我所知，司机应负责任。 肯定和不肯定Im sure (of that). （关于那件事）我敢肯定。I am sure that我肯定Im not sure (of that). （关于那件事）我不敢肯定。Im not sure whether/if 我不敢肯定是否Im pretty certain that我敢肯定Im not really sure. 我实在不能肯定。Its highly unlikely that 看起来非常渺茫。There is no doubt about it. 毫无疑问。Maybe也许Perhaps也许I doubt if我怀疑是否如：-Did you see anyone coming into this building?你看见有谁走进这幢大楼吗？-No, I didnt. 没看见。-Sure?可以肯定吗？-There is no doubt about it.毫无疑问。-Will they come?他们会来吗？-Maybe not.也许不来。I doubt if he is honest.我怀疑他是否诚实。20劝告和建议I think you ought to我想你应该If I were you, Id如果我是你，我会It might be a good idea if you如果你这倒是个好主意。Have you ever thought of? 你是否想过要？I recommend that我建议I strongly advise you to我极力主张你You really ought to你的确应该Personally, I think youd better依我看，你最好Why not do? 为什么不？Why dont you do? 你为什么不？I suggest that我建议What about doing? 怎么样？How about doing? 怎么样？Shall we? 我们去好吗？Lets, shall we? 让我们去好吗？You need (to)你需要如：- The park isnt far from here. Shall we walk there? 公园离这里不远，我们走着去好吗？-OK. 好吧。- You must remember the saying: Whatever you do, do it well. 你必须记住这句话：无论你做什么都要把它做好。-Thank you for your advice. 谢谢你的忠告。- Youd better open the windows. Its hot in the room. 你最好打开窗户，房间里热。-All right.好吧。21禁止和警告You cant你不能You mustnt你不能Youd better not你最好不Dont不要Take care! 当心！Be careful! 当心！Look out! 当心！If you, you will如果你，你将You are not allowed to不允许你如：- You mustnt play on the road. Its dangerous. 你不能在马路上玩，这很危险。- No, I wont. 我不会在马路上玩的。 - You are not allowed to park here. 不允许你在这里停车。-Oh, Im sorry. 哦，对不起。-Look out! You could fall off the ladder.当心！你会从梯子上掉下去的。-Oh, thank you.哦，谢谢你。22许诺I promise我答应You shall 你将得到I will give to you.我会把给你。如：-When sha